First Schedule
Laws repealed or amended by Section One
| Country, province or territory | No. and year | Title or subject | Extent of repeal or amendment |
|---|
| United Kingdom. | Chapter 60, 1894. | Merchant Shipping Act, 1894. | The repeal of the whole of the Act mentioned and of all Acts adding to or amending it in so far as they are in force in the Republic. |
| Cape of Good Hope. | Act No. 13 of 1855. | Local Merchant Seaman’s Act, 1855. | The repeal of the whole. |
| Act No. 3 of 1863. | Local Merchant Seaman’s Amendment Act, 1863. | The repeal of the whole. |
| Act No. 13 of 1874. | Local Merchant Shipping Act, 1874. | The repeal of the whole. |
| Act No. 18 of 1905. | Merchant Shipping Act, 1905. | The repeal of the whole. |
| Natal. | Law No. 4 of 1871. | To facilitate the carrying out in the Colony of the provisions of the Foreign Deserters Act, 1852, of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. | The repeal of the whole. |
| Law No. 23 of 1875. | Local Merchant Seamen’s Law. | The repeal of the whole. |
| Law No. 10 of 1883. | Shipping Casualties Law, 1883. | The repeal of the whole. |
| Law No. 4 of 1884. | To amend the Shipping Casualties Law, 1883. | The repeal of the whole. |
| Law No. 1 of 1890. | To make provision in respect of the appliances to be carried by certain ships for saving life at sea. | The repeal of the whole. |
| Act No. 5 of 1895. | To amend certain Natal Laws relating to shipping. | The repeal of the whole. |
| Act No. 50 of 1903. | To amend the law relating to foreign seamen. | The repeal of the whole. |
| Republic. | Act No. 70 of 1957. | Railways and Harbours Control and Management (Consolidation) Act, 1957. | The substitution for paragraph (o) of sub-section (1) of section three of the following paragraph:"(o) subject to the provisions of the Merchant Shipping Act, 1951 (Act No. 57 of 1951), the licensing and control of tugs, launches, hulks, fishing or ferry boats or other craft lying in or using a harbour and the charges to be paid to the Administration for the licensing of such craft and for the right to lie in or use the harbour;’;and the substitution in section forty-four for the words after the words “inspection, and” and before the words “shall be liable” of the words “any master who fails to do so”". |
| Act No. 17 of 1923. | Births, Marriages and Deaths Registration Act, 1923. | The repeal of sections thirty-six and thirty-seven. |
| Act No. 45 of 1925. | Merchant Shipping(Certificates of Competency) Act, 1925. | The repeal of the whole. |
| Act No. 16 of 1929. | Merchant Shipping Act, 1929. | The repeal of the whole. |
| Act No. 42 of 1934. | Merchant Shipping (Certificates of Competency) Amendment Act, 1934. | The repeal of the whole. |
| Act No. 24 of 1936. | Insolvency Act, 1936. | The insertion after sub-paragraph (ii) of paragraph (b) of sub-section (1) of section seventeen of the following new sub-paragraph:—“(ii)bisevery officer having charge of a register of ships kept at a port of registry appointed as such in terms of paragraph (c) of section four of the Merchant Shipping Act, 1951, for the registration of ships”;and the insertion after sub-section (3) of section seventeen of the following new sub-section:—“(3)bisUpon the receipt by any officer referred to in sub-paragraph (iibis) of paragraph (b) of sub-section (1) of a sequestration order he shall enter a caveat against the transfer of every ship or share in a ship or the cancellation or cessation of every dead of mortgage of a ship or share in a ship registered in the name of or belonging to the insolvent or his or her spouse”. |
| Act No. 17 of 1938. | Finance Act, 1938. | The repeal of sections sixteen and seventeen. |
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| South-West Africa. | Administrator’s Proclamation No. 12 of 1929. | Merchant Shipping (Walvis Bay) Proclamation, 1929. | The repeal of the whole. |
Second Schedule
International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1948
Article I
(a)The Contracting Governments undertake to give effect to the provisions of the present Convention and of the Regulations annexed thereto, which shall be deemed to constitute an integral part of the present Convention. Every reference to the present Convention implies at the same time a reference to these Regulations.(b)The Contracting Governments undertake to promulgate all laws, decrees, orders and regulations and to take all other steps which may be necessary to give the present Convention full and complete effect, so as to ensure that, from the point of view of safety of life, a ship is fit for the service for which it is intended.Article II
The ships to which the present Convention applies aro ships registered in countries the Governments of which are Contracting Governments, and ships registered in territories to which the present Convention is extended under Article XIII.Article III – Laws, regulations, reports
The Contracting Governments undertake to communicate to the Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organisation (hereinafter called the Organisation)—(a)the text of laws, decrees, orders and regulations which shall have been promulgated on the various matters within the scope of the present Convention;(b)all available official reports or official summaries of reports in so far as they show the results of the provisions of the present Convention, provided always that such reports or summaries are not of a confidential nature; and(c)a sufficient number of specimens of their Certificates issued under the provisions of the present Convention for circulation to the Contracting Governments for the information of their officers.Article IV – Cases of force majeure
(a)No ship, which is not subject to the provisions of the present Convention at the time of its departure on any voyage, shall become subject to the provisions of the present Convention on account of any deviation from its intended voyage due to stress of weather or any other cause of force majeure.(b)Persons who are on board a ship by reason of force majeure or in consequence of the obligation laid upon the master to carry shipwrecked or other persons shall not be taken into account for the purpose of a ascertaining the application to a ship of any provisions of the present Convention.Article V – Carriage of persons in emergency
(a)For the purpose of moving persons from any territory in order to avoid a threat to the security of their lives a Contracting Government may permit the carriage of a larger number of persons in its ships than is otherwise permissible under the present Convention.(b)Such permission shall not deprive other Contracting Governments of any right of control under the present Convention over such ships which come within their ports.(c)Notice of any such permission, together with a statement of the circumstances, shall be sent to the Organisation by the Contracting Government granting such permission.Article VI – Suspension in case of war
(a)In case of war, Contracting Governments which consider that they are affected, whether as belligerents or as neutrals, may suspend the whole or any part of the Regulations annexed hereto. The suspending Government shall immediately give notice of such suspension to the Organisation.(b)Such suspension shall not deprive other Contracting Governments of any right of control under the present Convention over the ships of the suspending Government when such ships are within their ports.(c)The suspending Government may at any time terminate such suspension and shall immediately give notice of such termination to the Organisation.(d)The Organisation shall notify all Contracting Governments of any suspension or termination of suspension under this Article.Article VII – Prior Treaties and Conventions
(a)As between the Contracting Governments the present Convention replaces and abrogates the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea which was signed in London on the 31st May, 1929.(b)All other treaties, conventions and arrangements relating to safety of life at sea, or matters appertaining thereto, at present in force between Governments parties to the present Convention, shall continue to have full and complete effect during the terms thereof as regards:—(i)ships to which the present Convention does not apply;(ii)ships to which the present Convention applies, in respect of matters for which it has not expressly provided.(c)To the extent, however, that such treaties, conventions or arrangements conflict with the provisions of the present Convention, the provisions of the present Convention shall prevail.(d)All matters which are not expressly provided for in the present Convention remain subject to the legislation of the Contracting Governments.Article VIII – Special rules drawn up by agreement
When in accordance with the present Convention special rules are drawn up by agreement between all or some of the Contracting Governments, such rules shall be communicated to the Organisation for circulation to all Contracting Governments.Article IX – Amendments
(a)(i)The present Convention may be amended by unanimous agreement between the Contracting Governments.(ii)Upon the request of any Contracting Government a proposed amendment shall be communicated by the Organisation to all Contracting Governments for consideration and acceptance under this paragraph.(b)(i)An amendment to the present Convention may be proposed to the Organisation at any time by any Contracting Government, and such proposal if adopted by a two-thirds majority of the Assembly of the Organisation (hereinafter called the Assembly), upon recommendation adopted by a two-thirds majority of the Maritime Safety Committee of the Organisation (hereinafter called the Maritime Safety Committee), shall be communicated by the Organisation to all Contracting Governments for their acceptance.(ii)Any such recommendation by the Maritime Safety Committee shall be communicated by the Organisation to all Contracting Governments for their consideration at least six months before it is considered by the Assembly.(c)(i)A conference of Governments to consider amendments to the present Convention proposed by any Contracting Government shall at any time be convened by the Organisation upon the request of one-third of the Contracting Governments.(ii)Every amendment adopted by such conference by a two-thirds majority of the Contracting Governments shall be communicated by the Organisation to all Contracting Governments for their acceptance.(d)Any amendment communicated to Contracting Government for their acceptance under paragraph (b) or (c) of this Article shall come into force for all Contracting Governments, except those which before it comes into force make a declaration that they do not accept the amendment, twelve months after the date on which the amendment, is accepted by two-thirds of the Contracting Governments including two-thirds of the Governments represented on the Maritime Safety Committee.(e)The Assembly, by a two-thirds majority vote, including two-thirds of the Governments represented on the Maritime Safety Committee, and subject to the concurrence of two-thirds of the Contracting Governments to the present Convention, or a conference convened under paragraph (c) of this Article by a two-thirds majority vote, may determine at the time of its adoption that the amendment is of such an important nature that any Contracting Government which makes a declaration under paragraph (d) of this Article and which does not accept the amendment within a period of twelve months after the amendment comes into force, shall, upon the expiry of this period, cease to be a party to the present Convention.(f)Any amendment to the present Convention made under this Article which relates to the structure of a ship shall apply only to ships the keels of which are laid after the date on which the amendment comes into force.(g)The Organisation shall inform all Contracting Governments of any amendments which come into force under this Article, together with the date on which such amendments shall come into force.(h)Any acceptance or declaration under this Article shall be made by a notification in writing to the Organisation, which shall notify all Contracting Governments of the receipt of the acceptance or declaration.Article X – Signature and acceptance
(a)The present Convention shall remain open for signature for one month from this day’s date and shall thereafter remain open for acceptance. Governments of States may become parties to the Convention by:—(i)signature without reservation as to acceptance;(ii)signature subject to acceptance followed by acceptance; or(b)Acceptance shall be effected by the deposit of an instrument with the Organisation, which shall inform all Governments that have already accepted the Convention of each acceptance received and of the date of its receipt.Article XI – Coming into force
(a)The present Convention shall come into force on the 1st January, 1951, provided that, at least 12 months before that date, not less than 15 acceptances, including 7 by countries each with not less than one million gross tons of shipping, have been deposited in accordance with Articles X and XV.(b)Should 15 acceptances in accordance with paragraph (a) of this Article not have been deposited 12 months before the 1st January, 1951, the present Convention shall come into force 12 months after the date on which the last of such acceptances is deposited. The Organisation shall inform all Governments which have signed or accepted the present Convention of the date on which it comes into force.(c)Acceptances deposited after the date on which the present Convention comes into force shall take effect three months after the date of their deposit.Article XII – Denunciation
(a)The present Convention may be denounced by any Contracting Government at any time after the expiry of five years from the date on which the Convention comes into force for that Government.(b)Denunciation shall be effected by a notification in writing addressed to the Organisation which shall notify all the other Contracting Governments of any denunciation received and of the date of its receipt.(c)A denunciation shall take effect one year, or such longer period as may be specified in the notification, after its receipt by the Organisation.Article XIII – Territories
(a)(i)The United Nations in cases where they are the administering authority for a territory, or any Contracting Government responsible for the international relations of a territory, may at any time by notification in writing given to the Organisation declare that the present Convention shall extend to such territory.(ii)The present Convention shall from the date of the receipt of the notification or from such other date as may be. Specified in the notification extend to the territory named therein.(b)(i)The United Nations or any Contracting Government which has made a declaration under paragraph (a) of this Article, at any time after the expiry of a period of five years from the date on which the Convention has been so extended to any territory, may by a notification in writing given to the Organisation declare that the present Convention shall cease to extend to any such territory named in the notification.(ii)The present Convention shall cease to extend to any territory mentioned in such notification one year, or such longer period as may be specified therein, after the date of receipt of the notification by the Organisation.(c)The Organisation shall inform all the Contracting Governments of the extension of the present Convention to any territories under paragraph (a) of this Article, and of the termination of any such extension under the provisions of paragraph (b), stating in each case the date from which the present Convention has been or will cease to be so extended.Article XIV – Registration
As soon as the present Convention comes into force it shall be registered by the Organisation with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.Article XV – Interim arrangements
(a)Unless and until the Organisation, in accordance with the Convention on the Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organisation signed at Geneva on the 6th March, 1948, takes over the duties assigned to it under the present Convention, the following provisions shall apply:—(i)All duties which are assigned to the Organisation, other than those set forth in Article IX, shall he carried out by the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (hereinafter called the Government of the United Kingdom).(ii)Amendments to the present Convention may be proposed at any time by any Contracting Government to the Government of the United Kingdom and such proposals shall be communicated by the latter to the other Contracting Governments for their consideration and acceptance. If any such amendment is unanimously-accepted by the Contracting Governments, the present Convention shall be amended accordingly.(iii)A Conference for the purpose of revising the present Convention shall be convened by the Government of the United Kingdom whenever, after the present Convention has been in force for five years, one-third of the Contracting Governments express a desire to that effect.(iv)The present Convention shall be deposited in the archives of the Government of the United Kingdom, which shall transmit certified true copies thereof to all Signatory Governments.(b)When the Organisation takes over the duties assigned to it under the present Convention, the Government of the United Kingdom will transmit to the Organisation any documents which have been deposited with or received by the Government of the United Kingdom under the present Convention.In witness whereof the undersigned Plenipotentiaries have signed the present Convention.Done in London this tenth day of June, 1948, in a single copy in English and French, each text being equally authoritative.Chapter I
General provisions
Part A – Application, definitions
Regulation 1 – Application
(a)Unless expressly provided otherwise, the present Regulations apply only to ships engaged on international voyages.(b)The classes of ships to which each Chapter applies are more precisely defined, and the extent of the application is shown, in each Chapter.Regulation 2 – Definitions
For the purpose of the present Regulations, unless expressly provided otherwise:—(a)“Regulations” means the Regulations referred to in Article 1(a) of the present Convention.(b)“Administration” means the Government of the country in which the ship is registered.(c)“Approved” means approved by an Administration.(d)“International voyage” means a voyage from a country to which the present Convention applies to a port outside such country, or conversely; and for this purpose every territory for the international relations of which a Contracting Government is responsible or for which the United Nations are the administering authority is regarded as a separate country.(e)A passenger is every person other than;—(i)the master and the members of the crew or other persons employed or engaged in any capacity on board a ship on the business of that ship; and(ii)a child under one year of age.(f)A passenger ship is a ship which carries more than 12 passengers,(g)A cargo ship is any ship which is not a passenger ship.(h)A tanker is a cargo ship constructed or adapted for the carriage in bulk of liquid cargoes of an inflammable nature.(i)“New ship” means a ship the keel of which is laid on or after the date of coming into force of the present Convention.(j)“Existing ship” means a ship which is not a new ship.(k)A mile is 6,080 feet or 1,852 metres.Regulation 3 – Exceptions
(a)The present Regulations, unless expressly provided otherwise, do not apply to:—(i)Ships of war and troopships.(ii)Cargo ships of less than 500 tons gross tonnage.(iii)Ships not propelled by mechanical means.(iv)Wooden ships of primitive build, such as dhows, junks, etc.(v)Pleasure yachts not engaged in trade.(b)Notwithstanding any provisions of the present Regulations, nothing herein shall apply to ships solely navigating the Great Lakes of North America and their connecting and tributary waters as far east as the lower exit of the Lachine Canal at Montreal in the Province of Quebec, Canada.Regulation 4 – Exemptions
(a)A ship which is not normally engaged on international voyages but which, in exceptional circumstances, is required to undertake a single international voyage may be exempted by the Administration from any of the requirements of the present Regulations provided that it complies with safety requirements which are adequate in the opinion of the Administration for the voyage which is to be undertaken by the ship.(b)Each Administration shall submit to the Organisation as soon as possible after the 1st of January each year a report showing the number of voyages of this nature for which exemptions have been granted in the previous calendar year.Regulation 5 – Equivalents
(a)Where in the present Regulations it is provided that a particular fitting, appliance or apparatus, or type thereof, shall be fitted or carried in a ship, or that any particular arrangement shall be adopted, an Administration may accept in substitution therefor any other fitting, appliance or apparatus, or type thereof, or any other arrangement, provided that the Administration shall have been satisfied by suitable trials that the fitting, appliance or apparatus, or type thereof, or the arrangement substituted is at least as effective as that specified in the present Regulations.(b)Any Administration which so accepts, in substitution, a fitting, appliance or apparatus, or type thereof, or other arrangement, shall inform the Organisation, and, upon request, shall communicate to the Organisation particulars thereof together with a report on the trials made.Part B – Surveys and certificates
Regulation 6 – Inspection and survey
The inspection and survey of ships, so far as regards the enforcement of the provisions of the present Regulations and the granting of exemptions therefrom, shall be carried out by officers of the country in which the ship is registered, provided that the Government of each country may entrust the inspection and survey either to surveyors nominated for the purpose or to organisations recognised by it. In every case the Government concerned fully guarantees the completeness and efficiency of the inspection and survey.Regulation 7 – Initial and subsequent surveys of passenger ships
(a)A passenger ship shall be subjected to the surveys specified below:—(i)A survey before the ship is put in service.(ii)A periodical survey once every 12 months.(iii)Additional surveys, as occasion arises.(b)The surveys referred to above shall be carried out as follows:—(i)The survey before the ship is put in service shall include a complete inspection of its structure, machinery and equipment, including the outside of the ship’s bottom and the inside and outside of the boilers. This survey shall be such as to ensure that the arrangements, material, and scantlings of the structure, boilers and their appurtenances, main and auxiliary machinery, electrical installation, radio installation, lifesaving appliances, fire detecting and extinguishing appliances, and other equipment’s, fully comply with the requirements of the present Convention, and of the laws, decrees, orders and regulations promulgated as a result thereof by the Administration for ships of the service for which it is intended. The survey shall also be such as to ensure that the workmanship of all parts of the ship and its equipments is in all respects satisfactory.(ii)The periodical survey shall include an inspection of the structure, boilers, machinery and equipments, including the outside of the ship’s bottom. The survey shall be such as to ensure that the ship, as regards the structure, boilers and their appurtenances, main and auxiliary machinery, electrical installation, radio installation, life-saving appliances, fire detecting and extinguishing appliances, and other equipments, is in satisfactory condition and fit for the service for which it is intended, and that it complies with the requirements of the present Convention, and of the laws, decrees, orders and regulations promulgated as a result thereto by the Administration.(iii)A survey either general or partial, according to the circumstances, shall be made every time an accident occurs or a defect is discovered which affects the safety of the ship or the efficiency or completeness of its life-saving appliances or other equipments, or whenever any important repairs or renewals are made. The survey shall be such as to ensure that the necessary repairs or renewals have been effectively made, that the material and workmanship of such repairs or renewals are in all respects satisfactory, and that the ship complies in all respects with the provisions of the present Convention and of the laws, decrees, orders and regulations promulgated as a result thereof by the Administration.(c)(i)The laws, decrees, orders and regulations referred to in paragraph (b) shall be in all respects such as to ensure that, from the point of view of safety of life, the ship is fit for the service for which it is intended.(ii)They shall among other things prescribe the requirements to be observed as to the initial and subsequent hydraulic tests to which the main and auxiliary boilers, connections, steam pipes, high pressure receivers, and fuel tanks for internal combustion engines are to be submitted, including the test pressure to be applied and the intervals between two consecutive tests.(d)The main and auxiliary boilers, connections, tanks and receivers, also steam-piping of more than 3 inches (or 76 millimetres) internal diameter shall be satisfactorily tested by hydraulic pressure when new. Steam pipes of more than 3 inches (or 76 millimetres) internal diameter shall be tested by hydraulic pressure periodically.Regulation 8 – Surveys of life saving appliances and other equipments of cargo ships
The life saving and fire extinguishing appliances of cargo ships to which Chapters II and III of the present Regulations apply shall be subject to initial and subsequent surveys as provided for passenger ships in paragraph of Regulation 7 with the substitution of 24 months for 12 months in sub-paragraph (a)(ii), and in paragraph (b) of that Regulation so far as it relates to life saving and fire extinguishing appliances. The lights and means of making sound signals and distress signals carried by the ship shall also be included in the surveys for the purpose of ensuring that they comply fully with the requirements of the present Convention and the International Collision Regulations.Regulation 9 – Surveys of radio installations of cargo ships
The radio installations of cargo ships to which Chapter IV of the present Regulations applies shall be subject to initial and subsequent surveys as provided for passenger ships in paragraph (a) of Regulation 7 and in paragraph (b) of that Regulation so far as it relates to radio installations.Regulation 10 – Maintenance of conditions after survey
After any survey of the ship under Regulation 7, 8 or 9 has been completed, no change shall be made in the structural arrangements, machinery, equipment, &c., covered by the survey, without the sanction of the Administration.Regulation 11 – Issue of certificates
(a)(i)A certificate called a Safety Certificate shall be issued after inspection and survey to a passenger ship which complies in an efficient manner with the requirements of Chapters II, III, and IV, and any other relevant requirements of the present Regulations.(ii)A certificate called a Safety Equipment Certificate shall be issued after inspection to a cargo ship which complies in an efficient manner with the relevant requirements of Chapters II and III and any other relevant requirements of the present Regulations.(iii)A certificate called a Safety Radiotelegraphy Certificate shall be issued after inspection to a cargo ship, fitted with a radiotelegraph installation, which complies in an efficient manner with the requirements of Chapter IV and any other relevant requirements of the present Regulations.(iv)A certificate called a Safety Radiotelephony Certificate shall be issued after inspection to a cargo ship, fitted with a radiotelephone installation, which complies in an efficient manner with the requirements of Chapter IV and any other relevant requirements of the present Regulations.(v)A certificate called an Exemption Certificate shall be issued to every ship to which exemption is granted by a Contracting Government under, and in accordance with, any of the provisions of the present Regulations.(vi)Safety Certificates, Safety Equipment Certificates, Safety Radiotelegraphy Certificates, Safety Radiotelephony Certificates and Exemption Certificates shall be issued either by the Government of the country in which the ship is registered or by any person or organisation duly authorised by that Government. In every case that Government assumes full responsibility for the certificate.(b)Notwithstanding any other provision of the present Convention, any certificate issued under, and in accordance with, the provisions of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1929, which is current when the present Convention comes into force in respect of the Administration by which the certificate is issued, shall remain valid until it expires under the terms of Article 52 of the Convention of 1929.Regulation 12 – Issue of certificate by another Government
A Contracting Government may, at the request of the Administration, cause a ship to be surveyed, and, if satisfied that the requirements of the present Regulations are complied with, issue certificates to the ship in accordance with the present Regulations. Any certificate so issued must contain a statement to the effect that it has been issued at the request of the Government of the country in which the ship is registered, and it Shall have the same force and receive the same recognition as a certificate issued under Regulation 11.Regulation 13 – Duration of certificates
(a)Certificates shall be issued for a period of not more than 12 months, except Safety Equipment Certificates which shall be issued for a period of not more than 24 months.(b)If a ship at the time when its certificate expires is not in a port of the country in which it is registered, the certificate may be extended by a duly authorised officer of that country; but such extension shall be granted only for the purpose of allowing the ship to complete its return voyage to the country in which it is registered, and then only in eases where it appears proper and reasonable so to do.(c)No certificate shall be thus extended for a longer period than five months, and a ship to which such extension is granted shall not, on returning to the country in which it is registered, be entitled by virtue of such extension to leave that country again without having obtained a new certificate.(d)A certificate which has not been extended under the foregoing provisions of this Regulation may be extended by the Administration for a period of grace of up to one month from the date of expiry stated on it.Regulation 14 – Form of certificates
(a)All certificates shall be drawn up in the official language or languages of the country by which they are issued.(b)The form of the certificates shall be that of the models given in the Appendix to the present Regulations. The arrangement of the printed part of the model certificates shall be exactly reproduced in the certificates issued, or in certified copies thereof, and the particulars inserted in the certificates issued, or in certified copies thereof, shall be in Roman characters and Arabic figures.Regulation 15 – Posting-up of certificates
All certificates or certified copies thereof issued under the present Regulations, except Exemption Certificates or certified copies thereof, shall be posted up in a prominent and accessible place in the ship.Regulation 16 – Acceptance of certificates
Certificates issued under the authority of a Contracting Government shall be accepted by the other Contracting Governments for all purposes covered by the present Convention. They shall be regarded by the other Contracting Governments as having the same force as the certificates issued by them to their own ships.Regulation 17 – Qualification of certificates
(a)If in the course of a particular voyage a ship has on board a number of persons less than the total number stated in the Safety Certificate and is in consequence, in accordance with the provisions of the present Regulations, free to carry a smaller number of lifeboats and other lifesaving appliances than that stated in the certificate, a memorandum may be issued by the Government, officer, person, or organisation referred to in Regulation 11 and Regulation 13.(b)This memorandum shall state that in the circumstances there is no infringement of the provisions of the present Regulations. It shall be annexed to the certificate and shall be substituted for it in so far as the life-saving appliances are concerned. It shall be valid only for the particular voyage for which it is issued.Regulation 18 – Control
Every ship holding a certificate issued under Regulation 11 or Regulation 12 is subject in the ports of the other Contracting Governments to control by officers duly authorised by such Governments in so far as this control is directed towards verifying that there is on board a valid certificate and, if necessary, that the conditions of the ship’s seaworthiness corresponds substantially with the particulars of that certificate. Such certificate shall be accepted unless, in the opinion of the officer carrying out the control, the conditions of the ship’s seaworthiness do not correspond substantially with the particulars of that certificate and the ship cannot proceed to sea without danger to the passengers or the crew, when he shall take such steps as will ensure that the ship shall not sail until it can proceed to sea without danger to the passengers or the crew. In the event of this control giving rise to intervention of any kind, the officer carrying out the control shall inform the Consul of the country in which the ship is registered in writing forthwith of all the circumstances in which intervention was deemed to be necessary, and the facts shall be reported to the Organisation.Regulation 19 – Privileges
The privileges of the present Convention may not be claimed in favour of any ship unless it holds appropriate valid certificates.Part C – Casualties
Regulation 20 – Casualties
(a)Each Administration undertakes to conduct an investigation of any major marine casualty occurring to any of its ships subject to the provisions of the present Convention. Such investigation, in addition to any other purpose, shall have the object of determining whether any changes in the present Regulations are desirable.(b)Each Contracting Government undertakes to supply the Organisation with pertinent information concerning such casualties. No reports or recommendations of the Oragnisation based upon such information shall disclose the identity or nationality of the ships concerned or in any manner fix or imply responsibility upon any ship or person.Chapter II
Construction
Part A – General
Regulation 1 – Application
(a)(i)Unless expressly provided otherwise, this Chapter applies to new ships.(ii)In the case of existing passenger ships and cargo ships which do not already comply with the provisions of this Chapter relating to new ships, the arrangements on each ship shall be considered by the Administration, with a view to improvements being made to provide increased safety where practicable and reasonable.(b)For the purpose of this Chapter:—(i)A new passenger ship is a passenger ship the keel of which is laid on or after the date of coming into force of the present Convention, or a cargo ship which is converted to a passenger ship on or after that date, all other passenger ships being described as existing passenger ships.(ii)A new cargo ship is a cargo ship the keel of winch is laid on or after the date of coming into force of the present Convention.(c)Each Administration may, if it considers that the sheltered nature and conditions of the voyage are such as to render the application of any specific requirements of this Chapter unreasonable or unnecessary, exempt from those requirements individual ships or classes of ships belonging to its country which, in the course of their voyage, do not proceed more than 20 miles from the nearest land.(d)In the case of a passenger ship which is permitted under Regulation 22 of Chapter III to carry a number of persons on board in excess of the life-boat capacity provided, it shall comply with the special standards of subdivision set out in Regulation 5(e), and the associated special provisions regarding permeability in Regulation 4(d), unless the Administration is satisfied that, having regard to the nature and conditions of the voyage, compliance with the other provisions of the Regulations of this Chapter is sufficient.(e)In the case of passenger ships which are employed in the carriage of largo numbers of unearthed passengers in special trades, such, for example, as the pilgrim trade, the Administration, if satisfied that it is impracticable to enforce compliance with the requirements of this Chapter, may exempt such ships, when they belong to its country, from those requirements on the following conditions:—(i)That the fullest provision which the circumstances of the trade will permit shall be made in the matter of construction.(ii)That steps shall be taken to formulate general rales which shall be applicable to the particular circumstances of these trades. Such rules shall be formulated in concert with such other Contracting Governments, if any, as may be directly interested in the carriage of such passengers in such trades.Notwithstanding any provisions of the present Convention, the Simla Rules, 1931, shall continue in force as between the parties to those Rules until the rules formulated under sub-paragraph (e)(ii) of this Regulation shall come into force.Regulation 2 – Definitions
For the purpose of this Chapter, unless expressly provided otherwise:—(a)(i)The Sub-division loadline is the waterline used in determining the sub-division of the ship.(ii)The deepest sub-division loadline is the waterline which corresponds to the greatest draught.(b)The length of the ship is the length measured between perpendiculars taken at the extremities of the deepest sub-division loadline.(c)The breadth of the ship is the extreme width from outside of frame to outside of frame at or below the deepest subdivision loadline.(d)Tim bulkhead, deck is the uppermost deck up to which the transverse watertight bulkheads are carried.(e)The margin line is a line drawn at least 3 inches (or 76 millimetres) below the upper surface of the bulkhead deck at side.(f)The draught is the vertical distance from the moulded base line amidships to the sub-division loadline in question.(g)The permeability of a space is the percentage of that space which can be occupied by water.The volume of a space which extends above the margin line shall be measured only to the height of that line.(h)The machinery space is to be taken as extending from the moulded base line to the margin line and between the extreme main transverse watertight bulkheads bounding the spaces devoted to the main and auxiliary propelling machinery, boilers when installed, and all permanent coal bunkers.In the case of unusual arrangements, the Administration may define the limits of the machinery spaces.(i)Passenger spaces are those which are provided for the accommodation and use of passengers, excluding baggage, store, provision and mail rooms.For the purpose of Regulations 4 and 5, spaces provided below the margin line for the accommodation and use of the crew shall be regarded as passenger spaces.(j)In all cases volumes shall be calculated to moulded lines.Part B – Sub-division and stability
(Part B applies to passenger ships only except that Regulation 18 also applies to cargo ships)
Regulation 3 – Floodable length
(a)The floodable length at any point of the length of a ship shall be determined by a method of calculation which takes into consideration the form, draught and other characteristics of the ship in question.(b)In a ship with a continuous bulkhead deck, the floodable length at a given point is the maximum portion of the length of the ship, having its center at the point in question, which can be flooded under the definite assumptions hereafter set forth in Regulation 4 without the ship being submerged beyond the margin line.(c)(i)In the case of a ship not having a continuous bulkhead deck the floodable length at any point may be determined to an assumed continuous margin line which at no point is less than 3 inches (or 76 millimetres) below the top of the deck (at side) to which the bulkheads concerned and the shell are carried watertight.(ii)Where a portion of an assumed margin line is appreciably below the deck to which bulkheads are carried, the Administration may permit a limited relaxation in the watertightness of those portions of the bulkheads which are above the margin line and immediately under the higher deck.Regulation 4 – Permeability
(a)The definite assumptions referred to in Regulation 3 relate to the permeability’s of the spaces below the margin line.In determining the floodable length, a uniform average permeability shall be used throughout the whole length of each of the following portions of the ship below the margin line:—(i)the machinery space as defined in Regulation 2;(ii)the portion forward of the machinery space; and(iii)the portion abaft the machinery space.(b)(i)For steamships the uniform average permeability throughout the machinery space shall be determined from the formula:—
a == volume of the passenger spaces, as defined, in Regulation 2, which are situated below the margin line within the limits of the machinery space.c == volume of between deck spaces below the margin line within the limits of the machinery space which are appropriated to cargo, coal or stores.v == whole volume of the machinery space below the margin line.(ii)For ships propelled by internal combustion engines, the uniform average permeability shall be taken as 5 greater than that given by the above formula.(iii)Where it is shown to the satisfaction of the Administration that the average permeability as determined by detailed calculation, is less than that given by the formula, the detailed calculated value may be used. For the purpose of such calculation, the permeabilities of passenger spaces, as defined in Regulation 2, shall be taken as 95, that of all cargo, coal and store spaces as 60, and that of double bottom, oil fuel and other tanks at such values as may be approved in each case by the Administration.(c)Except as provided in paragraph (d) below, the uniform average permeability throughout the portion of the ship before (or abaft) the machinery space shall be determined from the formula:—
where:—a == volume of the passenger spaces, as defined in Regulation 2, which are situated below the margin line, before (or abaft) the machinery space, andv == whole volume of the portion of the ship below the margin line before (or abaft) the machinery space.(d)In the case of a ship which is permitted under Regulation 22 of Chapter III to carry a number of persons on board in excess of the lifeboat capacity provided, and is required under paragraph (d) of Regulation 1 in this Chapter to comply, with special provisions, the uniform average permeability throughout the portion of the ship before (or abaft) the machinery space shall be determined from the formula:—
where:—b == the volume of the spaces below the margin line and above the tops of floors, inner bottom, or peak tanks, as the case may be, which are appropriated to and used as cargo spaces, coal or oil fuel bunkers, store rooms, baggage and mail rooms, chain lockers and fresh water tanks, before (or abaft) the machinery space; andv == whole volume of the portion of the ship below the margin line before (or abaft) the machinery space.In the ease of ships engaged on services whore the cargo holds are not generally occupied by any substantial quantities of cargo, no part of the cargo spaces is to be included in calculating “b”.(e)In the ease of unusual arrangements the Administration may allow, or require, a detailed calculation of average permeability for the portions before or abaft the machinery spaces. For the purpose of such calculation the permeability of passenger spaces as defined in Regulation 2 shall be taken as 95, that of spaces containing machinery as 80, that of all cargo, coal and store spaces as 60, and that of double bottom, oil fuel and other tanks at such value as may be approved in each case by the Administration.(f)If a between deck compartment between two water-tight transverse bulkheads contains any passenger or crew space, the whole of that compartment, less any space completely enclosed within permanent steel bulkheads and appropriated to other purposes, shall be regarded as passenger space. If, however, the passenger or crew space in question is completely, enclosed within permanent steel bulkheads, only the space so enclosed need be considered as passenger space.Regulation 5 – Permissible length of compartments
(a)Ships shall be as efficiently subdivided as is possible having regard to the nature of the service for which they are intended. The degree of subdivision shall vary with the length of the ship and with the service, in such manner that the highest degree of subdivision corresponds with the ships of greatest length, primarily engaged in the carriage of passengers.(b)Factor of Subdivision.—The maximum permissible length of a compartment having its centre at any point in the ship’s length is obtained from the floodable length by multiplying the latter by an appropriate factor called the factor of subdivision.The factor of subdivision shall depend on the length of the ship, and for a given length shall vary according to the nature of the service for which the ship is intended. It shall decrease in a regular and continuous manner—(i)as the length of the ship increases, and(ii)from a factor A, applicable to ships primarily engaged in the carriage of cargo, to a factor B, applicable to ships primarily engaged be the carriage of passengers.The variations of the factors A and B shall be expressed by the following formulae (I) and (II) where L is the length of the ship as defined in Regulation 2:—
(c)Criterion of Service.—For a ship of given length the appropriate factor of subdivision shall be determined by the Criterion of Service Numeral (hereinafter called the Criterion Numeral) as given by the following formulae (III) and (IV) where:—Cs= the Criterion Numeral;L = length of the ship, as defined in Regulation 2;M = the volume of the machinery space, as defined in Regulation 2; with the addition thereto of the volume of any permanent oil fuel bunkers which may be situated above the inner bottom and before or abaft the machinery space;p = the whole volume of the passenger spaces below the margin line, as defined in Regulation 2;V = the whole volume of the ship below the margin line;P1 = KN where:—N = number of passengers for which the ship is to be certified, andK has the following values:—| | Value of K |
| Length in feet and volumes in cubic feet | .6L |
| Length in metres and volumes in cubic metres | .056L |
For ships not having a continuous bulkhead deck the volumes are to be taken up to the actual margin lines used in determining the floodable lengths.(d)Rules for Subdivision of Ships other than those covered by paragraph (e) of this Regulation.—(i)The subdivision abaft the forepeak of ships 430 feet (or 131 metres) in length and upwards having a criterion numeral of 23 or less shall be governed by the factor A given by formula (I); of those having a criterion numeral of 123 or more by the factor B given by formula (II); and of those having a criterion numeral between 23 and 123 by the factor F obtained by linear interpolation between the factors A and B, using the formula:—
Where the factor F is less than •40 and it is shown to the satisfaction of the Administration to be impracticable to comply with the factor F in a machinery compartment of the ship, the subdivision of each compartment may be governed by an increased factor, which, however, shall not exceed •40.(ii)The subdivision abaft the forepeak of ships less than 430 feet (or 131 metres) but not less than 260 feet (or 79 metres) in length having a criterion numeral equal to S, where—
shall be governed by the factor unity; of those having a criterion numeral of 123 or more by the factor B given by the formula (II); of those having a criterion numeral between S and 123 by the factor F obtained by linear interpolation between unity and the factor B using the formula:—
(iii)The subdivision abaft the forepeak of ships less than 430 feet (or 131 metres) but not less than 260 feet (or 79 metres) in length and having a criterion numeral less than S, and of all ships less than 260 feet (or 79 metres) in length shall be governed by the factor unity, unless, in either case, it is shown to the satisfaction of the Administration to be impracticable to comply with this factor in any part of the ship, in which case the Administration may allow such relaxation as may appear to be justified, having regard to all the circumstances.(iv)The provisions of sub-paragraph (d)(iii) shall apply also to ships of whatever length, which are to be certified to carry a number of passengers exceeding 12 but not exceeding—
(e)Special Standards of Subdivision for Ships which are permitted under Regulation 22 of Chapter III to carry a number of persons on board in excess of the lifeboat capacity provided and are required under paragraph (d) of Regulation 1 in this Chapter to comply with special provisions.(i)(a)In the case of ships primarily engaged in the carriage of passengers, the subdivision abaft the forepeak shall be governed by a factor of •50 or by the factor determined according to paragraphs (c) and (d) of this Regulation, if less than •50.(b)In the case of such ships less than 300 feet (or 91.5 metres) in length, if the Administration is satisfied that compliance with such factor would be impracticable in a compartment, it may allow the length of that compartment to be governed by a higher factor provided the factor used is the lowest that is practicable and reasonable in the circumstances.(ii)If, in the case of any ship whether less than 300 feet (or 91.5 metres) or not, the necessity of carrying appreciable quantities of cargo makes it impracticable to require the subdivision abaft the forepeak to be governed by a factor not exceeding •50 the standard of subdivision to be applied shall be determined in accordance with the following subparagraphs (a) to (e), subject to the condition that where the Administration is satisfied that insistence on strict compliance in any respect would be unreasonable, it may allow such alternative arrangement of the watertight bulkheads as appears to be justified on merits and will not diminish the general effectiveness of the subdivision.(a)The provisions of paragraph (e) of this Regulation relating to the criterion numeral shall apply with the exception that in calculating the value of P1 for berthed passengers K is to have the value defined in paragraph (e) of this Regulation or 125 cubic feet (or 3.55 cubic metres), whichever is the greater, and for unberthed passengers K is to have the value 125 cubic feet (or 3.55 cubic metres).(b)The factor B in paragraph (b) of this Regulation shall be replaced by the factor BB determined by the following formula:—L in feet
(c)The subdivision abaft the forepeak of ships 430 feet (or 131 metres) in length and upwards having a criterion numeral of 23 or less shall be governed by the factor A given by formula (I) in paragraph (b) of this Regulation; of those having a criterion numeral of 123 or more by the factor BB given by the formula in subparagraph (ii)(b) of this paragraph; and of those having a criterion numeral between 23 and 123 by the factor F obtained by linear interpolation between the factors A and BB, using the formula:—except that if the factor F so obtained is less than 50 the factor to be used shall be either 50 or the factor calculated according to the provisions of paragraph (d)(i) of this Regulation, whichever is the smaller.(d)The subdivision abaft the fore peak of ships less than 430 feet (or 131 metres) but not less than 180 feet (or 55 metres) in length having a criterion numeral equal to s1 where—
shall be governed by the factor unity; of those having a criterion numeral of 123 or more by the factor BB given, by the formula in sub-paragraph (ii)(b) of this paragraph; of those having a criterion numeral between S1 and 123 by the factor F obtained by linear interpolation between unity and the factor BB, using the formula:—
except that in either of the two latter cases if the factor so obtained, is less than .50 the subdivision, may be governed by a factor not exceeding .50.(e)The subdivision abaft the fore peak of ships less than 430 feet (or 131 metres) but not less than 180 feet (or 55 metres) in length and having a criterion numeral less than 81 and of all ships less than 180 feet (or 55 metres) in length shall be governed by the factor unity, unless it is shown to the satisfaction of the Administration to be impracticable to comply with this factor in particular compartments, in which event the Administration may allow such relaxations in respect of those compartments as appear to be justified, having regard to all the circumstances, provided that the aftermost compartment and as many as possible of the forward compartments (between the forepeak and the after end of the machinery space) shall be kept within the floodable length.Regulation 6 – Special rules concerning subdivision
(a)Where in a portion or portions of a ship the watertight bulkheads are carried to a higher deck than in the remainder of the ship, and it is desired to take advantage of this higher extension of the bulkheads in calculating the floodable length, separate margin lines may be used for each such portion of the ship, provided that—(i)the sides of the ship are extended throughout the ship’s length to the deck corresponding to the upper margin line and all openings in the shell plating below this deck throughout the length of the ship are treated as being below a margin line, for the purposes of Regulation 13; and(ii)the two compartments adjacent to the “step” in the bulkhead deck are each within the permissible length corresponding to their respective margin lines and, in addition, their combined length does not exceed twice the permissible length based on the lower margin line.(b)(i)A compartment may exceed the permissible length determined by the rules of Regulation 5 provided the combined length of each pair of adjacent compartments to which the compartment in question is common does not exceed either the floadable length or twice the permissible length, whichever is the less.(ii)If one of the two adjacent compartments is situated inside the machinery space, and the second is situated outside the machinery space, and the average permeability of the portion of the ship in which the second is situated differs from that of the machinery space, the combined length of the two compartments shall he adjusted to the mean average permeability of the two portions of the ship in which the compartments are situated.(iii)Where the two adjacent compartments have different factors of subdivision, the combined length of the two compartments shall be determined proportionately.(c)In ships 430 feet (or 131 metres) in length and upwards, one of the main transverse bulkheads abaft the fore peak shall be fitted at a distance from the forward perpendicular which is not greater than the permissible length.(d)A main transverse bulkhead may be recessed provided that all parts of the recess lie inboard of vertical surfaces on both sides of the ship, situated at a distance from the shell plating equal to one-fifth the breadth of the ship, as defined in Regulation 2, and measured at right angles to the centre line at the level of the deepest subdivision loadline.Any part of a recess which lies outside these limits shall be dealt with as a step in accordance with the following paragraph.(e)A main transverse bulkhead may be stepped provided that it moots one of the following conditions:—(i)The combined length of the two compartments, separated by the bulkhead in question, does not exceed either 90 per cent, of the floodable length or twice the permissible length, except that in ships having a factor of subdivision greater than 9, the combined length of the two compartments in question shall not exceed the permissible length.(ii)Additional subdivision is provided in way of the step to maintain the same measure of safety as that secured by a plane bulkhead.(iii)The compartment over which the step extends does not exceed the permissible length corresponding to a margin line taken 3 inches (or 76 millimetres) below the step.(f)Where a main transverse bulkhead is recessed or stepped, an equivalent plane bulkhead shall be used in determining the subdivision.(g)If the distance between two adjacent main transverse bulkheads, or their equivalent plane bulkheads, or the distance between the transverse planes passing through the nearest stepped portions of the bulkheads, is less than 10 feet (or 3.05 metres) plus 3 per cent, of the length of the ship, or 35 feet (or 10.67 metres) whichever is the less, only one of these bulkheads shall be regarded as forming part of the subdivision of the ship in accordance with the provisions of Regulation 5.(h)Where a main transverse watertight compartment contains local subdivision and it can be shown to the satisfaction of the Administration that, after any assumed side damage extending over a length of 10 feet (or 3.05 metres) plus 3 per cent, of the length of the ship, or 35 feet (or 10.67 metres) whichever is the less, the whole volume of the main compartment will not be flooded, a proportionate allowance may be made in the permissible length otherwise required for such compartment. In such a case the volume of effective buoyancy assumed on the undamaged side shall not be greater than that assumed on the damaged side.Regulation 7 – Stability of ships in damaged condition
(a)Sufficient intact stability shall be provided in all service conditions so as to enable the ship to withstand the final stage of flooding of any one main compartment which is required to be within the floodable length.Where two adjacent main compartments are separated by a bulkhead which is stepped under the conditions of sub-paragraph (e)(i) of Regulation 6, the intact stability shall be adequate to withstand the flooding of those two adjacent main compartments.Where the required factor of subdivision is .50 or less the intact stability shall be adequate to withstand the flooding of any two adjacent main compartments.(b)(i)The requirements of paragraph (a) of this Regulation shall be determined by calculations which are in accordance with paragraphs (c), (d) and (f), following, and which take into consideration the proportions and design characteristics of the ship and the arrangement and configuration of the damaged compartments. In making these calculations the ship is to be assumed in the worst anticipated service condition as regards stability.(ii)Where it is proposed to fit decks, inner skins or longitudinal bulkheads of sufficient tightness to seriously restrict the flow of water, the Administration shall be satisfied that proper consideration is given to such restrictions in the calculations.(c)For the purpose of making damage stability calculations the volume and surface permeabilities shall be as follows:—| Spaces | Permeability |
|---|
| Occupied by cargo coal or stores | 60 |
| Occupied by accommodations | 95 |
| Occupied by machinery | 85 |
| Intended for liquids | 0 or 95* |
*Whichever results in the more severe requirements.Regulation 8 – Peak and machinery space bulkheads, shaft tunnels, etc.
(a)(i)A ship shall have a forepeak or collision bulkhead, which shall be watertight up to the bulkhead deck. This bulkhead shall be fitted not less than 5 per cent, of the length of the ship, and not more than 10 feet (or 3.05 metres) plus 5 per cent, of the length of the ship from the forward perpendicular.(ii)If the ship has a long forward superstructure, the forepeak bulkhead shall be extended weathertight to the deck next above the bulkhead deck. The extension need not be fitted directly over the bulkhead below, provided it is at least 5 per cent, of the length of the ship from the forward perpendicular, and the part of the bulkhead deck which forms the step is made effectively weathertight.(b)An afterpeak bulkhead, and bulkheads dividing the machinery space, as defined in Regulation 2, from the cargo and passenger spaces forward and aft, shall also be fitted and made watertight up to the bulkhead deck. The afterpeak bulkhead may, however, be stopped below the bulkhead deck, provided the degree of safety of the ship as regards subdivision is not thereby diminished.(c)In all cases stem tubes shall be enclosed in watertight spaces of moderate volume. The stern gland shall be situated in a watertight shaft tunnel or other watertight space separate from the stern tube compartment and of such volume that, if flooded by leakage through the stem gland, the margin line will not be submerged.Regulation 9 – Double bottoms
(a)A double bottom should be fitted extending from the forepeak bulkhead to the afterpeak bulkhead as far as this is practicable and compatible with the design and proper working of the ship.(i)In ships 200 feet (or 61 metres) and under 249 feet (or 76 metres) in length a double bottom shall be fitted at least from the machinery space to the forepeak bulkhead, or as near thereto as practicable.(ii)In ships 249 feet (or 76 metres) and under 330 feet (or 100 metres) in length a double bottom shall be fitted at least outside the machinery space, and shall extend to the fore and after peak bulkheads, or as near thereto as practicable.(iii)In ships 330 feet (or 100 metres) in length and upwards a double bottom shall be fitted amidships, and shall extend to the fore and after peak bulkheads, or as near thereto as practicable.(b)Where a double bottom is required to be fitted the inner bottom shall be continued out to the ship’s sides in such a manner as to protect the bottom to the turn of the bilge. Such protection will be deemed satisfactory if the line of intersection of the outer edge of the margin plate with the bilge plating is not lower at any part than a horizontal plane passing through the point of intersection with the frame line amidships of a transverse diagonal line inclined at 25 degrees to the base line and cutting it at a point one-half the ship’s moulded breadth from the middle line.(c)Small wells constructed in the double bottom in connection with drainage arrangements of holds, etc., shall not extend downwards more than necessary, nor shall they be less than 18 inches (or 457 millimetres) from the outer bottom or from the inner edge of the margin plate. A well extending to the outer bottom is, however, permitted at the after end of the shaft tunnel of screw ships. Other wells (e.g., for lubricating oil under main engines) may be permitted by the Administration, if satisfied that the arrangements give protection equivalent to that afforded by a double bottom complying with this Regulation.(d)A double bottom need not be fitted in way of watertight compartments of moderate size used exclusively for the carriage of liquids, provided the safety of the ship, in the event of bottom or side damage, is not, in the opinion of the Administration, thereby impaired.(e)In the case of ships to which the provisions of paragraph (d) of Regulation 1 of this Chapter apply and which are engaged on regular service within the limits of a short international voyage as defined in Regulation 2 of Chapter III, the Administration may permit a double bottom to be dispensed with in any part of the ship which is sub-divided by a factor not exceeding •50, if satisfied that the fitting of a double bottom in that part would not be compatible with the design and proper working of the ship.Regulation 10 – Assigning, marking and recording of subdivision load lines
(a)In order that the required degree of subdivision shall be maintained, a loadline corresponding to the approved subdivision draught shall be assigned and marked on the ship’s sides. A ship having spaces which are specially adapted for the accommodation of passengers and the carriage of cargo alternatively may, if the owners desire, have one or more additional loadlines assigned and marked to correspond with the subdivision draughts which the Administration may approve for the alternative service conditions.(b)The subdivision loadlines assigned and marked shall be recorded in the Safety Certificate, and shall be distinguished by the notation C.1 for the principal passenger condition, and C.2, C.3, etc., for the alternative conditions.(c)The freeboard corresponding to each of these loadlines shall be measured at the same position and from the same deck line as the freeboards determined in accordance with the International Convention respecting Load Lines, 1930.(d)The freeboard corresponding to each approved subdivision load-line and the conditions of service for which it is approved, shall be clearly indicated on the Safety Certificate.(e)In no ease shall any subdivision loadline mark be placed above the deepest loadline in salt water as determined by the strength of the ship and/or the International Convention respecting Load Lines, 1930.(f)Whatever may be the position of the subdivision loadline marks, a ship shall in no ease be loaded so as to submerge the load line mark appropriate to the season and locality as determined in accordance with the International Convention respecting Load Lines, 1930.(g)A ship shall in no case be so loaded that when she is in salt water the subdivision loadline mark appropriate to the particular voyage and condition of service is submerged.Regulation 11 – Construction and initial testing of watertight bulkheads, etc.
(a)Watertight subdivision bulkheads, whether transverse or longitudinal, shall be constructed in such a maimer that they shall be capable of supporting, with a proper margin of resistance, the pressure due to a head of water up to the margin line in way of each bulkhead. The construction of those bulkheads shall be to the satisfaction of the Administration.(b)(i)Steps and recesses in bulkheads shall be watertight and as strong as the bulkhead at the place where each occurs.(ii)Where frames or beams pass through a watertight deck or bulkhead, such deck or bulkhead shall be made structurally watertight without the use of wood or cement.(c)Testing main compartments by filling them with water is not compulsory. A complete examination of the bulkheads shall be made by a surveyor; and, in addition, a hose test shall be made in all cases.(d)The forepeak, double bottoms (including duct keels) and inner skins shall be tested with water to a head up to the margin line.(e)Tanks which are intended to hold liquids, and which form part of the subdivision of the ship, shall be tested for tightness with water to a head up to the deepest subdivision loadline or to a head corresponding to two-thirds of the depth from the top of keel to the margin line in way of the tanks, whichever is the greater; provided that in no case shall the test head be less than 3 feet (or 0-92 metres) above the top of the tank.(f)The tests referred to in paragraphs (d) and (e) are for the purpose of ensuring that the subdivision structural arrangements are watertight and are not to be regarded as a test of the fitness of any compartment for the storage of oil fuel or for other special purposes for which a test of a superior character may be required depending on the height to which the liquid has access in the tank or its connections.Regulation 12 – Openings in watertight bulkheads
(a)The number of openings in watertight bulkheads shall be reduced to the minimum compatible with the design and proper working of the ship; satisfactory means shall be provided for closing these openings.(b)(i)Where pipes, scuppers, electric cables, etc., are carried through watertight subdivision bulkheads, arrangements shall be made to ensure the integrity of the watertightness of the bulkheads.(ii)Valves and cocks not forming part of a piping system shall not be permitted in watertight subdivision bulkheads.(c)(i)No doors, manholes, or access openings are permitted—(a)in the collision bulkhead below the margin line;(b)in watertight transverse bulkheads dividing a cargo space from an adjoining cargo space or from a permanent or reserve bunker, except as provided in paragraph (g) of this Regulation.(ii)Except as provided in sub-paragraph (c)(iii) below, the collision bulkhead may be pierced below the margin line by not more than one pipe for dealing with fluid in the forepeak tank, provided that the pipe is fitted with a screw down valve capable of being operated from above the bulkhead deck, the valve chest being secured inside the forepeak to the collision bulkhead.(iii)If the forepeak is divided to hold two different kinds of liquids, the Administration may allow the collision bulkhead to be pierced below the margin line by two pipes, each of which is fitted as required by the preceding clause, provided the Administration is satisfied that there is no practical alternative to the fitting of such second pipe and that, having regard to the additional subdivision provided in the forepeak, the safety of the ship is maintained.(d)(i)Watertight doors fitted in bulkheads between permanent and reserve bunkers, shall be always accessible, except as provided in sub-paragraph (i) (ii) for between deck bunker doors.(ii)Satisfactory arrangements shall be made by means of screens or otherwise, to prevent the coal from interfering with the closing of watertight bunker doors.(e)Within the machinery space and apart from bunker and shaft tunnel doors, not more than one door may be fitted in each main transverse bulkhead for intercommunication. These doors shall be of the sliding type and shall be located so as to have the sills as high as practicable. The hand gear for operating these doors from above the bulkhead deck shall be situated outside the machinery space if this is consistent with a satisfactory arrangement of the necessary gearing.(f)(i)The only types of watertight doors permissible are hinged doors, sliding doors, and doors of other equivalent patterns, excluding plate doors secured only by bolts and doors required to be closed by dropping or by the action of a dropping weight.(ii)A hinged door shall be fitted with catches workable from each side of the bulkhead.(iii)A sliding door may have a horizontal or vertical motion. If required to be hand operated only, the gearing shall be operated with an all round crank motion, both at the door and at an accessible position above the bulkhead deck.(iv)If a door is required to be power operated from a central control, the gearing shall be so arranged that the door can be operated by power also at the door itself. The arrangement shall be such that the door will close automatically if opened by the local control after being closed from the central control and also such that any door can be kept closed by local arrangements which will prevent that door from being opened from the central control. Local control handles in connection with the power gear shall be provided at each side of the bulkhead and shall be so arranged as to enable persons passing through the doorway to hold both handles in the open position. Such power operated doors shall be provided with hand gear, workable both at the door itself and from an accessible position above the bulkhead deck. At the latter position the hand gear shall be operated with an all round crank motion. Provision shall be made to give warning by sound signal when the door is about to be closed; the signal shall precede the movement of the door by a safe interval.(v)In all classes of doors indicators shall be fitted at all operating stations other than at the door itself, showing whether the door is opened or closed.(g)(i)Hinged watertight doors in passenger, crew, and working spaces are only permitted above a deck the underside of which, at its lowest point at side, is at least 7 feet (or 2-13 metres) above the deepest subdivision loadline, and they are not permitted in those spaces below such deck.(ii)Hinged watertight doors of satisfactory construction may be fitted in bulkheads dividing cargo between deck spaces, at the highest level consistent with practicability. The outboard vertical edges of such doors shall be situated at a distance from the shell plating which is not less than one-fifth the breadth of the ship, as defined in Regulation 2, such distance, being measured at right angles to the centre line of the ship at the level of the deepest subdivision load line. These doors shall be closed before the voyage commences and shall be kept closed during navigation, and the time of opening such doors in port and of closing them before the ship leaves port shall be entered in such log book as may be prescribed by the Administration. Where it is proposed to fit such doors, the number and arrangements shall receive the special consideration of the Administration, and a statement shall be required from the owners certifying as to the absolute necessity of such doors.(h)All other watertight doors shall be eliding doors.(i)(i)When any watertight doors which may be sometimes opened at sea, excluding those at the entrances of tunnels, are fitted in the main transverse watertight bulkheads at such a height that their sills are below the deepest subdivision loadline, the following rules shall apply:—(I)When the number of such doors exceeds 5 all the watertight eliding doors shall be power operated and shall be capable of being simultaneously closed from a station situated on the bridge.(II)When the number of such doors does not exceed 5—(a)if the criterion numeral does not exceed 30 all the water tight sliding doors may be operated by hand only;(b)if the criterion numeral exceeds 30 all the watertight sliding doors shall be operated by power;(c)in any ship, of whatever criterion numeral, if there is only one watertight door apart from the tunnel door, and it is in the machinery space the Administration may allow these two doors to be operated by hand only.(ii)If watertight doors which have sometimes to be open at sea for the purpose of trimming coal are fitted between bunkers in the between-decks below the bulkhead deck, these doors shall be operated by power. The opening and closing of these doors shall be recorded in such log book as may be prescribed by the Administration.(iii)When trunkways in connection with refrigerated cargo are carried through more than one main transverse watertight bulkhead and the sills of the openings are less than 7 feet (or 2-13 metres) above the deepest subdivision loadline, the watertight doors at such openings shall be operated by power.(j)Portable plates on bulkheads shall not be permitted except in machinery spaces. Such plates shall always be in place before the ship leaves port, and shall not be removed during navigation except in case of urgent necessity. The necessary precautions shall be taken in replacing them to ensure that the joints shall be watertight.(k)All watertight doors shall be kept closed during navigation except when necessarily opened for the working of the ship, and shall always be ready to be immediately closed.(l)(i)Where trunkways or tunnels for access from crew’s accommodation to the stokehold, for piping, or for any other purpose are carried through main transverse watertight bulkheads, they shall be watertight and in accordance with the requirements of Regulation 15. The access to at least one end of each such tunnel or trunkway, if used as a passage at sea, shall be through a trunk extending watertight to a height sufficient to permit access above the margin line. The access to the other end of the trunkway or tunnel may be through a watertight door of the type required by its location in the ship. Such trunkways or tunnels shall not extend through the first sub-division bulkhead abaft the collision bulkhead.(ii)Where it is proposed to fit tunnels or trunkways for forced draft, piercing main transverse watertight bulkheads, these shall receive the special consideration of the Administration,Regulation 13 – Openings in the shell plating below the margin line
(a)The number of openings in the shall plating shall be reduced to the minimum compatible with the design and proper working of the ship.(b)The arrangement and efficiency of the means for closing any opening in the shell plating shall be consistent with its intended purpose and the position in which it is fitted and gonorally to the satisfaction of the Administration.(c)(i)If in a between decks, the sills of any sidescuttles are below a line drawn parallel to the bulkhead deck at side and having its lowest point 2½ per cent, of the breadth of the ship above the deepest subdivision loadline, all sidescuttles in that between deck shall be of a non-opening type.(ii)All sidescuttles the sills of which are below the margin line, other than those required to be of a non-opening type by sub-paragraph (c)(i), shall be of such construction as will effectively prevent any person opening them without the consent of the master of the ship.(iii)(a)If in a between decks, the sills, of any of the sidescuttles referred to in sub-paragraph (c)(ii) are below a line drawn parallel to the bulkhead deck at side and having its lowest point feet (or 1 -37 metres) plus 2½ per cent, of the breadth of the ship above the water when the ship departs from any port, all the sidescuttles in that between decks shall be closed watertight and locked before the ship leaves port, and they shall not be opened before the ship arrives at the next port. In the application of this sub-paragraph the appropriate allowance for fresh water may be made when applicable.(b)The time of opening such sidescuttles in port and of closing and locking them before the ship leaves port shall be entered in such log book as may be prescribed by the Administration.(c)For any ship that has one or more sidescuttles so placed that the requirements of the first clause of this sub - paragraph would apply when she was floating at her deepest sub-division load line, the Administration may indicate the limiting mean draught at which these sidescuttles will have their sills above the line drawn parallel to the bulk-head deck at side, and having its lowest point 4J feet (or 1.37 metres) plus 2 per cent, of the breadth of the ship above the waterline corresponding to the limiting mean draught, and at which it will therefore be permissible to depart from port without previously closing and locking them and to open them at sea on the responsibility of the master during the voyage to the next port. In tropical zones as defined in the International Convention respecting Load Lines, 1930, this limiting draught may be increased by 1 foot (or 0-305 metres).(d)Efficient hinged inside deadlights arranged so that they can be easily and effectively closed and secured watertight shall be fitted to all sidescuttles, except that abaft one-eighth of the ship’s length from the forward perpendicular and above a line drawn parallel to the bulkhead deck at side and having its lowest point at a height of 12 feet (or 3-66 metres) plus 2½ per cent, of the breadth of the ship above the deepest subdivision load line, the deadlights may be portable in passenger accommodation other than that for steerage passengers, unless the deadlights are required by the International Convention respecting Load Lines, 1930, to be permanently attached in their proper positions. Such portable deadlights shall be stowed adjacent to the sidescuttles they serve.(e)Sidescuttles and their deadlights, which will not be accessible during navigation, shall be closed and secured before the ship leaves port.(f)(i)No sidescuttles shall be fitted in any spaces which are appropriated exclusively to the carriage of cargo or coal.(ii)Sidescuttles may, however, be fitted in spaces appropriated alternatively to the carriage of cargo or passengers, but they shall be of such construction as will effectively prevent any person opening them or their deadlights without the consent of the master of the ship.(iii)If cargo is carried in such spaces, the sidecuttles and their deadfights shall be closed watertight and locked before the cargo is shipped and such closing and locking shall be recorded in such logbook as may be prescribed by the Administration.(g)Automatic ventilating sidescuttles shall not be fitted in the shell plating below the margin line without the special sanction of the Administration.(h)The number of scuppers, sanitary discharges and other similar openings in the shell plating shall be reduced to the minimum either by making each discharge serve for as many as possible of the sanitary and other pipes, or in any other satisfactory manner.(i)(i)All inlets and discharges in the shell plating shall be fitted with efficient and accessible arrangements for preventing the accidental admission of water into the ship.(ii)(a)Except as provided in sub-paragraph (v)(iii), each separate discharge led through the shell plating from spaces below the margin line shall be provided either with one automatic non-return valve fitted with a positive means of closing it from above the bulkhead deck, or, alternatively, with two automatic non-return valves without such means, the upper of which is so situated above the deepest subdivision loadline as to be always accessible for examination under service conditions, and is of a type which is normally closed.(b)Where a valve with positive means of closing is fitted, the operating position above the bulkhead deck shall always be readily accessible, and means shall be provided for indicating whether the valve is open or closed.(iii)Main and auxiliary sea inlets and discharges in connection with machinery shall be fitted with readily accessible cocks or valves between the pipes and shell plating or between the pipes and fabricated boxes attached to the shell plating.(j)(i)Gangway, cargo and coaling ports fitted below the margin line shall be of sufficient strength. They shall be effectively closed and secured watertight before the ship leaves port, and shall be kept closed during navigation.(ii)Such ports shall be in no case fitted so as to have their lowest point below the deepest subdivision loadline.(k)(i)The inboard opening of each ash-shoot, rubbish-shoot, etc., shall be fitted with an efficient cover.(ii)If the inboard opening is situated below the margin line, the cover shall be watertight, and in addition an automatic non-return valve shall be fitted in the shoot in an easily accessible position above the deepest subdivision loadline. When the shoot is not in use both the cover and the valve shall be kept closed and secured.Regulation 14 – Construction and initial tests of watertight doors, sidecuttles, etc.
(a)(i)The design, materials and construction of all watertight doors, sidescuttles, gangway, cargo and coaling ports, valves, pipes, ash shoots and rubbish-shoots referred to in these Regulations shall be to the satisfaction of the Administration.(ii)The frames of vertical watertight doors shall have no groove at the bottom in which dirt might lodge and prevent the door closing properly.(iii)Watertight doors giving direct access to any space containing bunker coal shall, together with the frames, be made of cast or wrought steel.(iv)Cocks or valves of more than 3 inches bore (or 76 millimetres) for main and auxiliary sea inlets and discharges in connection with monetary shell be of steel or bronze as applicable, or other approved ductile material.(v)Ordinary cast iron shall not be used for the other cocks and valves of any size, which are fitted to the shell plating below the bulkhead deck or which affect the subdivision arrangements of the ship.(b)Each watertight door shall be tested by water pressure to a head up to the margin line. The test shall be made before the ship is put in service, either before or after the door is fitted.Regulation 15 – Construction and initial tests of watertight decks, trunks, etc.
(a)Watertight decks, trunks, tunnels, duct keels and ventilators shall be of the same strength as watertight bulkheads at corresponding levels. The means used for making them watertight, and the arrangement adopted for closing openings in them, shall be to the satisfaction of the Administration. Watertight ventilators and trunks shall be carried at least up to the bulkhead deck.(b)After completion, a hose or flooding test shall be applied to watertight decks and a hose test to watertight trunks, tunnels and ventilators.Regulation 16 – Side and other openings, etc., above the margin line
(a)Sides cuttle, gangway, cargo and coaling ports, and other means for closing openings in the shell plating above the margin line shall be of efficient design and construction and of sufficient strength having regard to the spaces in which they are fitted and their positions relative to the deepest subdivision loadline.(b)The bulkhead deck or a deck above it shall be weathertight in the sense that in ordinary sea conditions water will not penetrate in a downward direction. All openings in the exposed weather deck shall have coamings of ample height and strength and shall be provided with efficient means for expeditiously closing them weathertight.(c)Freeing ports and or scuppers shall be fitted as necessary for rapidly clearing the weather deck of water under all weather conditions.Regulation 17 – Pumping arrangements
(a)Ships shall be provided with an efficient pumping plant, capable of pumping from and draining any watertight compartment under all practicable conditions after a casualty whether the ship is unright or listed. For this purpose wing suctions will generally be necessary except in narrow compartments at the ends of the ship, where one suction may be sufficient. In compartments of unusual form, additional suctions may be required. Arrangements shall be made whereby water in the compartment may find its way to the suction pipes. Efficient means shall be provided for draining water from insulated holds.(b)(i)Except as provided elsewhere in this Regulation, ships shall have at least three power pumps connected to the bilge main, one of which may be attached to the propelling unit. Where the criterion numeral is 30 or more, one additional independent power pump shall be provided. In ships less than 300 feet (or 91.5 metres) in length and having a criterion numeral less than 30, two efficient hand pumps of the crank type, fitted one forward and one aft, may be substituted for one of the independent power pumps.(ii)The requirements are summarised in the following table:—| Length of ship | Less than 300 feet (or 91.5 metres) | 300 feet (or 91.5 metres) and over |
|---|
| Criterion numeral. | Less than 30 | 30 and over | Less than 30 | 30 and over |
| Hand pumps (may be replaced by one independent pump). | 2 | - | - | - |
| Main engine pump (may be replaced by one independent pump) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Independent pumps | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 |
(j)The arrangement of the bilge and ballast pumping system shall be such as to prevent the possibility of water passing from the sea and from water ballast spaces into the cargo and machinery spaces, or from one compartment to another. Special provision shall be made to prevent any deep tank having bilge and ballast connections being inadvertently run up from the sea when containing cargo, or pumped out through a bilge pipe when containing water ballast.(k)Provision shall be made to prevent the compartment served by any bilge suction pipe being flooded in the event of the pipe being severed, or otherwise damaged by collision or grounding, in any other compartment. For this purpose, where the pipe is at any part situated nearer the side of the ship than one-fifth the breadth of the ship (measured at right angles to the centre line at the level of the deepest subdivision loadline), or in a duct keel, a non-return valve shall be fitted to the pipe in the compartment containing the open end.(l)All the distribution boxes, cocks, and valves in connection with the bilge pumping arrangements shall be in positions which are accessible at all times under ordinary circumstances. They shall be so arranged that, in the event of flooding, one of the bilge pumps may be operative on any compartment. If there is only one system of pipes common to all the pumps, the necessary cocks or valves for controlling the bilge suctions must be workable from above the bulkhead deck. If, in addition to the main bilge pumping system an emergency bilge pumping system is provided, it shall be independent of the main system and so arranged that a pump is capable of operating on any compartment under flooding conditions.Regulation 18 – Stability tests for passenger ships and cargo ships
(a)Passenger ships and cargo ships shall be inclined upon their completion and the elements of their stability determined. The master shall be supplied with such information on this subject as is necessary to permit efficient handling of the ship, and a copy shall be furnished to the Administration concerned.(b)The Administration may allow the inclining test of an individual ship to be dispensed with provided basic stability data are available from the inclining test of a sister ship and it is shown to the satisfaction of the Administration that reliable stability information for the exempted ship can be obtained from such basic data.Regulation 19 – Periodical operation and inspection of watertight doors, etc.
(a)In new and existing ships drills for the operating of watertight doors, side scuttles, valves and closing mechanisms of scuppers, ash shoots and rubbish-shoots, shall take place weekly. In ships in which the voyage exceeds one week in duration a complete drill shall be held before leaving port, and others thereafter at least once a week during the voyage, provided that all watertight power doors and hinged doors, in main transverse bulkheads, in use at sea, shall be operated daily.(b)The watertight doors and all mechanism and indicators connected therewith, all valves the closing of which is necessary to make a compartment watertight and all valves the operation of which is necessary for damage control cross connections shall be periodically inspected at sea, at least once a week.Regulation 20 – Entries in log
(a)In new and existing ships hinged doors, portable plates, side scuttles, gangway, cargo and coaling ports and other openings, which are required by these Regulations to be kept closed during navigation, shall be closed before the ship leaves port. The time of closing and the time of opening (if permissible under these Regulations), shall be recorded in such log book as may be prescribed by the Administration.(b)A record of all drills and inspections required by Regulation 19 shall be entered in the log book with an explicit record of any defects which may be disclosed.Part C – Electrical installations
(Part C applies to passenger ships only)
Regulation 21 – General
(a)Electrical installations in ships shall be such that:—(i)services essential for safety will be maintained under various emergency conditions; and(ii)the safety of passengers, crew and ship from electrical hazards will be assured.(b)Every ship, the electrical power of which constitutes the only means of maintaining the auxiliary services indispensable for the propulsion and the safety of the ship, shall be provided with at least two main generating sets. The power of these sets shall be such that it shall still be possible to ensure the functioning of the said services in the event of any one of these generating sots being stopped.Regulation 22 – Emergency source of power
(a)There shall be above the bulkhead deck a self-contained emergency source of electrical power. It shall be situated outside the machinery casings. The power available shall be sufficient to supply all those services that are, in the opinion of the Administration, necessary for the safety of the passengers and the crew in an emergency, due regard being paid to such services of may have to be operated simultaneously. Special consideration shall be given to emergency lighting at every boat station on deck and oversides, in all alleyways, stairways and exits, in the machinery spaces and in the control stations as defined in Regulation 26, and to navigation lights if solely electric. The power shall be adequate for a period of 36 hours, except that, in the ease of ships engaged regularly on voyages of short duration, the Administration may accept a lesser supply if satisfied that the same standard of safety would be attained. The source of emergency power may be either—(i)an accumulator (storage) battery capable of carrying the emergency load without recharging or excessive voltage drop; or(ii)a generator driven by a suitable type of compression ignition engine, with an independent fuel supply and with starting arrangements approved by the Administration. The fuel used shall have a flash point of not less than 110° F. (or 43.3 ° C.).(b)Arrangements shall be such that the emergency plant will function efficiently when the ship is inclined 22° and or when the trim of the ship is 10° from an even keel.(c)(i)Where the emergency power is derived from an accumulator battery, arrangements shall be made to ensure that emergency lighting will automatically come into operation in the event of failure of the main lighting supply.(ii)Where the emergency source of power is a generator, there shall be provided a temporary source of emergency power from an accumulator battery of sufficient capacity—(a)to supply emergency lighting continuously for half-an-hour; and(b)to close the watertight doors (if electrically operated) but not necessarily to close them all simultaneously.The arrangements shall be such that the temporary source of emergency power will come into operation automatically in the event of failure of the main supply.(iii)Provision shall be made for the periodic testing of automatic arrangements.(d)Electrically operated steering gears shall be served by two sets of feeder cables from the main switchboard. Each feeder shall have adequate capacity for serving all motors which may operate simultaneously, and these feeders shall be separated throughout their length as widely as is practicable. Short circuit protection only shall be provided for these circuits and motors.Regulation 23 – Precautions for safety of passengers and crew
(a)(i)All exposed metal parts of electrical machines or equipment which are not intended to be “live”, but are liable to become “live” under fault conditions, shall be earthed (grounded); and all apparatus shall be so constructed and so installed that danger of injury in ordinary handling shall not exist.(ii)Metal frames of all portable lamps, tools, and similar apparatus supplied as ship’s equipment and rated 100 volts or more shall be earthed (grounded) through a suitable conductor in the supply cable.(b)Open type switchboards shall be arranged to give easy access back and front without danger to attendants. The sides and backs of switchboards shall be suitably guarded and there shall be a non-conducting mat or grating. Exposed current-carrying parts at voltages to earth (ground) in excess of 250 volts direct current or 150 volts alternating current shall not be installed on the face of any switchboard or controlled panel.Regulation 24 – Precautions against fire
(a)Hull return shall not be used for power, heat and light distribution systems.(b)Distribution systems shall be so arranged that fire in any main fire zone will not interfere with essential services in any other main fire zone. This requirement will be met if main and emergency feeders passing through any zone are separated both vertically and horizontally as widely as is practicable.(c)(i)All metal sheaths and armour of cables shall be electrically continuous and shall be earthed (grounded).(ii)Where the cables are neither medal sheathed nor armoured and there might be risk of fire in the event of an electrical fault, precautions shall be required by the Administration.(iii)Metal sheathed or armoured cables may be required by the Administration in certain compartments or sections of the ship, with a view to the prevention of fire.(d)(i)Joints in all conductors except for low voltage communication circuits shall be made only in junction or outlet boxes. All such boxes or wiring devices shall be so constructed as to prevent the spread of fire from the box or device.(ii)Lighting fittings shall be arranged to prevent temperature rises that would be injurious to the wiring, and to prevent surrounding material from becoming excessively hot.(e)Wiring shall be supported in such a manner as to avoid chafing or other injury.(f)Except as provided in paragraph (d) of Regulation 22, each separate circuit shall be protected against overload. The current-carrying capacity of each circuit shall be permanently indicated, together with the rating or setting of the appropriate overload protective device.(g)(i)Accumulator batteries shall be suitably housed, and compartments used primarily for their accommodation shall be properly constructed and efficiently ventilated.(ii)Devices liable to arc shall not be installed in a compartment assigned principally to accumulator batteries unless the devices are. Flame proof (explosion proof).Part D – Fire protection in accommodation and service spaces
(Part D applies to passenger ships only.)
Regulation 25 – Application and general
(a)The application of this Part of this Chapter is subject to the condition that a ship carrying not more than 36 passengers need comply only with Regulations 28 and 29, provided that, in addition to complying with paragraph (b) of Regulation 50, it is fitted with a fire detection system of a type approved by the Administration, which will automatically indicate at one or more points or stations, where it can be most quickly observed by officers and crew, the presence or indication and location of fire in all enclosed spaces appropriated to the use or service of passengers and crew, except spaces which afford no substantial fire risk.(b)The main structure, including decks and deck houses, shall be of steel except where the Administration may sanction the use of other suitable material in special cases. It shall be divided into main vertical zones by “A” class bulkheads (as defined later) and further divided by similar bulkheads forming the boundaries protecting spaces which provide vertical access, and the boundaries separating the accommodation spaces from the machinery, cargo and service spaces and others. In addition, and supplementary to the patrol systems, alarm systems and fire extinguishing apparatus required by Part E of this Chapter, either of the following methods of protection, or a combination of these methods to the satisfaction of the Administration, shall be adopted in accommodation and service spaces with a view to preventing the spread of incipient fires from the spaces of their origin:—Method I.—the construction of internal divisional bulkheading of “b” class divisions (as defined later) generally without the installation of a detection or sprinkler system in the accommodation and service spaces; orMethod II.—the fitting of an automatic sprinkler and fire alarm system for the detection and extinction of fire in all spaces in which a fire might be expected to originate generally with no restriction on the type of internal divisional bulkheading in spaces so protected; orMethod III.—asystem of sub-division within each main vertical zone using “a” and “b” class divisions distributed according to the importance, size, and nature of the various compartments, with an automatic fire detection system in all spaces in which a fire might be expected to originate, and with restricted use of combustible and highly inflammable materials and furnishings; but generally without the installation of a sprinkler system.The detailed requirements are set out in Regulations 27 to 44. The heading of each indicates under which method or methods the Regulation is a requirement.Regulation 26 – Definitions
Wherever the phrases defined below occur throughout this Part of this Chapter they shall be interpreted in accordance with the following definitions:—(a)“Incombustible Material” means a material which neither burns nor gives off inflammable vapours in sufficient quantity to ignite at a pilot flame when heated to approximately 1,382° F. (or 750° C.). Any other material is a "Combustible Material".(b)“A Standard Fire Test” is one which develops in the test furnace a series of time temperature relationships approximately as follows:—At the end of the first 5 minutes—1,000° F. (or 538° C.).At the end of the first 10 minutes—1,300° F. (or 704° C.).At the end of the first 30 minutes—1,550° F. (or 843° C.).At the end of the first 60 minutes—1,700° F. (or 927° C.).(c)“ ‘A’ Class or Fire-resisting Divisions” are those divisions formed by bulkheads and decks which comply with the following:—(i)They shall be constructed of steel or other equivalent material.(ii)They shall be suitably stiffened.(iii)They shall be so constructed as to be capable of preventing the passage of smoke and flame up to the end of the one-hour standard fire test.(iv)They shall have an insulating value to the satisfaction of the Administration, having regard to the nature of the adjacent spaces. In general, where such bulkheads and decks are required to form fire-resisting divisions between spaces either of which contains adjacent woodwork, wood lining, or other combustible material, they shall be so insulated that, if either face is exposed to the standard fire test for one hour, the average temperature on the unexposed face will not increase at any time during the test by more than 250° F. (or 139° C.) above the initial temperature nor shall the temperature at any one point rise more than 325° F. (or 180° C.) above the initial temperature. Reduced amounts of insulation or none at all may be provided where in the opinion of the Administration a reduced fire hazard is present.(d)"‘B’ Class or Fire-retarding Divisions" are those divisions formed by bulkheads which are so constructed that they will be capable of preventing the passage of flame up to the end of the first one-half hour of the standard fire test. In addition they shall have an insulating value to the satisfaction of the Administration, having regard to the nature of the adjacent spaces. In general, where such bulkheads are required to form fire-retarding divisions between cabins, they shall be of material which, if either face is exposed for the first one-half hour period of the standard fire test, will prevent the temperature on the unexposed side from increasing daring the test by more than 250° F. (or 139° C.) above the initial temperature. For panels which are of incombustible materials it will only be necessary to comply with the above temperature rise limitation during the first 15-mimite period of the standard fire test, but the test shall be continued to the end of the one-half hour to test the panels integrity in the usual manner. Reduced amounts of insulation or none at all may be provided where in the opinion of the Administration a reduced fire hazard is present.(e)“Main Vertical Zones” are those sections into which the hull, superstructure, and deck houses are divided by main fire resisting bulkheads, the mean length of which above the bulkhead deck does not, in general, exceed 131 feet (or 40 metres).(f)“Control Stations” are those spaces in which radio, main navigating or central fire-recording equipment or the emergency generator is located.(g)“Accommodation” spaces are those used for public spaces, corridors, lavatories, cabins, offices, crew quarters, barber shops, isolated pantries and lockers, and similar spaces.(h)“Public Spaces” are those portions of the accommodation which are used for halls, dining rooms, lounges, and similar permanently enclosed spaces.(i)“Service Spaces” are those used for galleys, main pantries, stores (except isolated pantries and lockers), mail and specie rooms, and similar spaces and trunks to such spaces.(j)“Cargo Spaces” are all spaces used for cargo (including cargo oil tanks) and trunks to such spaces.(k)“Machinery Spaces” include all spaces used for propelling, auxiliary or refrigerating machinery, boilers, pumps, workshops, generators, ventilation and air conditioning machinery, oil filling stations, and similar spaces and trunks to such spaces.(l)“Steel or Other Equivalent Material.”—Where the words “steel or other equivalent material” occur “equivalent material” means any material which, by itself or due to insulation provided, has integrity properties equivalent to steel at the end of the applicable fire exposure (e.g., aluminum with appropriate insulation).Regulation 27 – Structure (Methods I, Il and 111)
The hull, superstructure, structural bulkheads, decks and deckhouses shall be constructed of steel, except where the Administration may sanction the use of other suitable material in special cases.Regulation 28 – Main vertical zones (Methods I, II and III)
(a)The hull, superstructure and deck houses shall be subdivided by “A” class divisions into main vertical zones, the mean length of which, above the bulkhead deck shall not in general exceed 131 feet (or 40 metres). Where steps are necessary they shall be of “A” class divisions.(b)As far as practicable the portions of such bulkheads above the bulkhead deck shall be in line with watertight subdivision bulkheads situated immediately below the bulkhead deck.(c)Such bulkheads shall extend from deck to deck and to the shell or other boundaries.(d)On ships designed for special purposes, such as automobile or railroad car ferries, where installation of such bulkheads would defeat the purpose for which the ship is intended, equivalent means for controlling and limiting a fire shall be substituted and specifically approved by the Administration.Regulation 29 – Openings in main vertical zone bulkheads (Methods I, II and III)
(a)Where main vertical zone bulkheads are pierced for the passage of electric cables, pipes, trunks, etc., or for girders, beams or other structures, arrangements shall be made to ensure that the fire-resistance of the bulkheads is not impaired.(b)Dampers are to be fitted in trunks passing through main vertical zone bulkheads and shall be fitted with suitable local control capable of being operated from both sides of the bulkhead. The operating positions shall be readily accessible and marked in red. Indicators shall be fitted to show whether the dampers are open or shut.(c)All openings shall be provided with permanently attached means of closing which shall be at least as effective for resisting fires as the bulkheads in which they are fitted.(d)The construction of all doors and doorways in main vertical zone bulkheads, with the means of securing time when closed, shall provide fire-resistance at least as effective as the bulkheads in which the doors are situated and must be capable of resisting the passage of smoke and flame. Watertight doors need not be insulated.(e)It shall be possible to open each door from either side of the bulkhead by one person only. Fire doors other than watertight doors shall be of the self-closing type with simple and easy means of release from the open position. These doors shall be of types and designs approved by the Administration.Regulation 30 – Bulkheads within main vertical zones (not required for method II)
(a)Method(i)Within the accommodation spaces, all enclosure bulkheads, other than those required to be of “A” class divisions, shall be constructed of “B” class divisions and assembled in such a manner as to ensure the integrity of the unit. The Administration may require an assembly test. On ships which carry more than 100 passengers the “B” class divisions shall be of incombustible materials which may, however, be faced with combustible materials in accordance with Regulation 39.(ii)All corridor bulkheads shall extend from deck to deck. Ventilation openings will be permitted in the corridor bulkheads, preferably in the lower portion. All other enclosure bulkheads shall extend from deck to deck vertically, and to the shell or other boundaries transversal, unless incombustible ceilings or linings are fitted, in which case the bulkheads may terminate at the ceilings or linings.(b)Method III(i)Within the accommodation spaces enclosure bulkheads other than those required to be of “A” class divisions shall be constructed of “B” class divisions so as to form a continuous network of fire retarding bulkheads within which the area of any one compartment shall not in general exceed 1,300 square feet (or 120 square metres) with a maximum of 1,600 square feet (or 150 square metres).(ii)All public spaces without interior subdivisions shall be surrounded by “B” class bulkheads. The insulation of “A” class and “B” class divisions except those constituting the separation of the main vertical zones, the control stations, the stairway enclosures, and the corridors, may be omitted where the divisions constitute the outside part of the ship or when the adjoining compartment does not contain fire hazard(iii)All corridor bulkheads shall be of “B” class divisions and shall extend from deck to deck. When no ceilings are fitted or when the ceilings are of incombustible materials ventilation openings having grilles of incombustible material will be permitted. All other enclosure bulkheads shall also extend intact from deck to deck.(iv)The “B” class divisions shall be of a type having incombustible cores or of an assembled type having internal layers of sheet asbestos or similar incombustible material, and the temperature rise limitation referred to in the definition of “B” class divisions in Regulation 26 shall apply at the end of the half-hour test.Regulation 31 – Separation of accommodation spaces from machinery, cargo and service spaces (Methods I, II and III)
The boundary bulkheads and decks separating accommodation spaces from machinery, cargo and service spaces shall be constructed as “A” class divisions, and these bulkheads and decks shall have an insulation value to the satisfaction of the Administration having regard to the nature of the adjacent spaces.Regulation 32 – Deck coverings (Methods I, II and III)
Primary deck coverings within accommodation spaces, control stations, stairways and corridors shall be of material which will not readily ignite and as approved by the Administration.Regulation 33 – Protection of vertical stairways
(a)Methods I and III(i)All stairways shall be of steel frame construction and shall be within enclosures formed of “A” class divisions, with positive means of closure at all openings from the lowest accommodation deck at least to a level which is directly accessible to the open deck, except that:—(a)a stairway serving only two decks need not be enclosed provided the integrity of the deck is maintained by proper bulkheads or doors at one level.(b)stairways may be fitted in the open in a public space provided they lie wholly within such public space.(ii)Stairway enclosures shall have direct communication with the corridors and be of sufficient area to prevent congestion having in view the number of persons likely to use them in an emergency, and shall contain as little accommodation or other enclosed space in which a fire may originate as practicable.(iii)Stairway enclosure bulkheads shall have an insulation value to the satisfaction of the Administration, having regard to the nature of the adjacent spaces. The means for closure at openings in stairway enclosures shall be at least as effective for resisting fire as the bulkheads in which they are fitted. Doors other than watertight doors shall be of the self-closing typo, as required for the main vertical zone bulkheads.(b)Method II(i)Main stairways shall be of steel frame construction and shall be within enclosures formed of “A” class divisions with positive means of closure at all openings from the lowest accommodation deck at least to a level which is directly accessible to the open deck except that:—(a)a stairway serving only two decks need not be enclosed provided the integrity of the deck is maintained by proper bulkheads or doors at one level;(b)stairways may be fitted in the open in a public space provided they lie wholly within such public space.(ii)Stairway enclosures shall have direct communication with the corridors and be of sufficient area to prevent congestion having in view the number of persons likely to use them in an emergency, and shall contain as little accommodation or other enclosed space in which a fire may originate as practicable.(iii)Stairway enclosure bulkheads shall have an insulation value to the satisfaction of the Administration, having regard to the nature of the adjacent spaces. The means for closure at openings in stairway enclosures shall be at least as effective for resisting fire as the bulkheads in which they are fitted. Doors other than watertight doors shall be of the self-closing type, as required for the main vertical zone bulkheads.(iv)Auxiliary stairways shall be of steel frame construction but need not be within enclosures provided the integrity of the deck is maintained by the fitting of sprinklers at the auxiliary stairways.Regulation 34 – Protection of lifts (Passenger and Service), vertical trunks for light and air, &c. (Methods I, II and III)
(a)Passenger and service lift trunks, vertical trunks for light and air to passenger spaces, etc., shall be of “A” class divisions. Doors shall be of steel or other incombustible material and when closed shall provide fire resistance at least as effective as the trunks in which they are fitted.(b)lift trunks shall be so fitted as to prevent the passage of smoke and flame from one between deck to another and shall be provided with means of closing so as to permit of draught and smoke control. The insulation of lift thinks which are within stairway enclosures shall not be compulsory.(c)Where a trunk for light and air communicates with more than one between deck space, and in the opinion of the Administration, smoke and flame are likely to be conducted from one between deck to another, smoke shutters, suitably placed, shall be fitted so that each space can be isolated in case of fire.(d)Any other trunks (e.g., for electric cables) shall be so constructed as not to afford passage for fire from one between deck or compartment to another.Regulation 35 – Protection of control stations (Methods I, II and III)
Control stations shall be separated from the remainder of the ship by “A” class bulkheads and decks.Regulation 36 – Protection of store rooms (Methods I, II and III)
The boundary bulkheads of baggage rooms, mail rooms, store rooms, paint and lamp lockers, galleys, and similar spaces shall be of “A” class divisions. Spaces containing highly inflammable stores shall be so situated as to minimise the danger to passengers or crew in the event of fire.Regulation 37 – Windows and side scuttles
(a)Methods I and IIIAll windows and side scuttles within accommodation spaces shall be constructed with metal frames or equivalent material. The glass shall be retained by a metal glazing bead or equivalent means. All windows or side scuttles opening on to corridors or stairways shall conform to the integrity requirements of the type of bulkheads in which they are fitted.(b)Method IIAll windows or side scuttles opening on to corridors or stairways shall conform to the integrity requirements of the type of bulkhead in which they are fitted.Regulation 38 – Ventilation systems (Methods I, II and III)
(a)The main inlets and outlets of all ventilation systems shall have accessible means of closure which can be shut in the event of fire. In general, the ventilating fans shall be so disposed that the ducts reaching the various quarters shall remain within the same main vertical zone.(b)All power ventilation, except machinery space ventilation, shall be fitted with master controls so that all fans may be stopped from either of two control stations which should be situated as far apart as practicable. One of the master controls of the power ventilation serving machinery spaces shall be operable from a position outside the machinery space. Efficient insulation shall be provided for exhaust ducts from galley ranges where the ducts pass through accommodation spaces.Regulation 39 – Details of construction (not required for Method II)
(a)Method IExcept in cargo spaces, mail rooms, baggage rooms or refrigerated compartments of service spaces, all linings, grounds, ceilings and insulations, shall be of incombustible materials, but in ships carrying not more than 100 passengers the linings, grounds and ceilings need not be of incombustible materials provided they conform to the conditions applicable to the bulkheads of the spaces in which they are situated. The total volume of combustible facings, mouldings, decorations, and veneers in any accommodation or public space shall not exceed a volume equivalent to one-tenth inch (or 2-54 millimetres) veneer on the combined area of the walls and ceiling. Combustible facings, mouldings, decorations or veneers shall not be used in corridors or stairway enclosures.(b)Method IIIThe use of combustible materials of all kinds such as untreated wood, veneers, ceilings, curtains, carpets, &c., shall be reduced in so far as it is reasonable and practicable. In large public spaces the grounds and supports to the linings and sealings, shall be of steel or equivalent material.Regulation 40 – Miscellaneous items (Methods I, II and III)
(a)(i)Air spaces enclosed behind ceilings, panellings or linings shall be suitably divided by close-fitting draught stops not more than 45 feet (or 13-73 metres) part in the fore and after direction.(ii)In the vertical direction, such spaces, including those behind linings of stairways, trunks, &c., shall be closed at each deck.(b)The construction of ceiling and bulkheading shall be such that it will be possible for the fire patrols to detect any smoke originating in concealed and inaccessible spaces without impairing the efficiency of the fire protection.(c)The concealed surfaces of all bulkheads, linings, panellings, stairways, wood grounds, etc., in accommodation spaces shall be such as will, in the opinion of the Administration, restrict the spread of flame to a satisfactory degree.(d)Paints, varnishes and similar preparations having a nitro-cellulose base shall not be used.(e)Lead shall not be used for overboard scuppers, sanitary discharges and other outlets which are close to the water line nor where the fusing of the lead in the event of fire would give rise to danger of flooding.(f)Electric radiators, if used, must be fixed in position and so constructed as to reduce are risks to a minimum. Electric radiators of the exposed element type shall not be used.Required only for Method III.(g)All exposed surfaces and their coatings in accommodation spaces shall be of limited flame-spreading power to the satisfaction of the Administration.Regulation 41 – Cinematograph apparatus (Methods I, II and III)
Except where only “non-inflammable” film is used the installation and use of cinematograph apparatus on ships shall be subject to special fire precautions to be prescribed by the Administration. Lockers for the storage of highly inflammable film shall have an outlet to the open air with a total area of 1 square inch for each 5 lbs. (10 square centimetres for each 3.5 kilogrammes) reel of film or equivalent stored therein.Regulation 42 – Automatic sprinkler and fire alarm and detection systems (Method II)
In ships in which Method II is adopted, an automatic sprinkler and fire alarm system of a type approved by the Administration and complying with the requirements of Regulation 48 shall be installed and so arranged as to protect all enclosed spaces appropriated to the use or service of passengers or crew, except spaces which afford no substantial fire risk.Regulation 43 – Automatic fire alarm and fire detection systems (Method III)
In ships in which Method III is adopted a fire detecting system of a type approved by the Administration shall be installed and so arranged as to detect the presence of fire in all enclosed spaces appropriated to the use or service of passengers or crew (except spaces which afford no substantial fire hazard) and automatically to indicate at one or more points or stations, where it can be most quickly observed by officers and crew, the presence or indication and location of fire.Regulation 44 – Plans (Methods I, II and III)
There shall be permanently exhibited, for the guidance of the officer in charge of the ship, general arrangement plans showing for each deck the various fire sections enclosed by fire-resisting bulkheads, the sections enclosed by the fire-retarding bulkheads (if any), together with particulars of the fire alarms, detecting systems, the sprinkler installation (if any), the fire-extinguishing appliances, means of ingress to and ogress from different compartments, decks, etc., and the ventilating system including the positions of dampers and identification numbers of the ventilating fans serving each section.Part E – Fire detection and extinction in passenger ships and cargo ships
(Part E applies to passenger ships and cargo ships except that Regulation 50 applies only to passenger ships and Regulation 51 applies only to cargo ships.)
Regulation 45 – Pumps, water service pipes, hydrants and hoses
(a)Fire pumps shall be independently driven. Sanitary, ballast, bilge or general service pumps may be accepted as fire pumps. In any ship the capacity of the pumps designated for fire-fighting purposes shall be at least two-thirds the capacity of the bilge pumps required for the particular ship. Each pump shall be capable of producing at least the two powerful jets to which reference is made in these Regulations. The throw at a nozzle shall be about 40 feet (or 12 metres).(b)Relief valves shall be provided in connection with all fire pumps. These valves shall be so placed and adjusted as to prevent excessive pressure in any part of the fire main system.(c)The diameter of the water service pipes shall be sufficient to ensure an adequate supply of water for the simultaneous operation of at least two fire hoses, and shall be based on the required capacity of the pumps designated for fire-fighting purposes.(d)The number and position of the hydrants shall be such that at least two streams of water, one of which shall be from a single length of hose, may be directed into any part of the ship.(e)The pipes and hydrants shall be so placed that the fire hoses may be easily coupled to them. In ships where deck cargo may be carried, the positions of the hydrants shall be such that they are always readily accessible and the pipes shall be arranged as far as practicable to avoid risk of damage by such cargo.(f)Cocks or valves shall be fitted in such positions on the pipes that any of the fire hoses may be removed while the fire pumps are at work.(g)Fire hoses shall be of material approved by the Administration, and sufficient in length to project a jet of water to any of the spaces in which they may be required to be used. They shall be provided with the necessary fittings. The internal diameter of the nozzle shall be not less than 1 inch (or 2 millimetres).(h)Hoses specified in these Regulations as “fire hoses” shall, together with any necessary fittings arid tools, be kept ready for use in conspicuous positions near the water service hydrants or connections.Regulation 46 – Fire extinguishers
(a)All fire extinguishers shall be of types and designs approved by the Administration. The capacity of portable extinguishers shall be not more than 3 gallons (or 13 litres) and not less than 2 gallons (or 9 litres).(b)Spare charges shall be provided in accordance with requirements to be specified by the Administration.(c)Extinguishers in which the medium is stored under pressure shall not be kept in passenger or crew accommodation.(d)Portable fire extinguishers shall be periodically examined and subjected to such test as the Administration may require.(e)One of the portable fire extinguishers intended for use in any space shall be stowed near the entrance to that space.(f)The control valves for fixed extinguishing apparatus shall be so placed that they will be easily accessible and not readily cut off from use by an outbreak of fire.Regulation 47 – Fire-smothering gas or steam for cargo spaces and boiler rooms
(a)Where provisions is made for the injection of gas or steam into cargo spaces or boiler rooms for fire extinguishing purposes, the necessary pipes for conveying the gas or steam shall be provided with control valves or cocks which shall be readily accessible from the deck in any circumstances, and so marked as to indicate clearly the compartments to which the pipes are led. Suitable provision shall be made to prevent inadvertent admission of the gas or steam to any compartment. If any pipe is led to a space to which passengers may have access, it shall be furnished with an additional stop valve or cock suitably protected.(b)The piping shall be arranged so as to provide effective distribution of the fire smothering gas or steam. In large holds there shall be at least two pipes, one of which shall be fitted at the forward part and one at the after part. Where steam is used, the pipes shall be led well down into the space.(c)(i)When carbon dioxide is supplied as the extinguishing medium in cargo spaces, the quantity of gas available shall be sufficient to give a minimum volume of free gas equal to 30 per cent, of the gross volume of the largest cargo compartment in the ship which is capable of being sealed.(ii)When carbon dioxide is supplied as an extinguishing medium for boiler rooms, the quantity of gas carried shall be sufficient to give a minimum quantity of free gas equal to 30 per cent, of the gross volume of the largest boiler room measured to the top of the boilers. If the engine and boiler rooms are not entirely separate and fuel oil can drain from the boiler room into the engine room bilges, the combined engine and boiler rooms shall be considered as one compartment.(iii)When carbon dioxide is supplied as the extinguishing medium both for cargo spaces and for boiler rooms, the quantity of gas need not be more than that required for the largest compartment protected in this way, whether cargo compartment or boiler room.(iv)For the purpose of this paragraph (c), the volume of gas shall be calculated at 9 cubic feet to the pound (or 0-56 cubic metres to the kilogramme).(d)When steam is the extinguishing medium in holds, the boiler or boilers available for supplying steam shall have an evaporation of at least 1 lb. of steam per hour for each 12 cubic feet (or 1 kilogramme for each 0-75 cubic metres) of the gross volume of the largest cargo compartment in the ship.(e)Means shall be provided for stopping ventilating fans from outside the space and for closing all doorways, ventilators, annular spaces around funnels and other openings to spaces in which fire smothering gas or steam may be used as a fire extinguishing medium.(f)Means shall be provided for giving audible warning of the release of carbon dioxide to any working space.Regulation 48 – Automatic sprinkler systems
(a)Water sprinkler systems automatic in operation may be accepted as satisfactory means for fire extinguishing. Whore such a system is fitted it shall be kept-charged at the necessary pressure and shall have provision for a continuous supply of water.(b)The system shall be subdivided into a number of sections to be decided by the Administration, and automatic alarms shall be provided to indicate at one or more suitable pointe or stations the occurrence or indication of fire, and its location.(c)The pump or pumps to provide the discharge from sprinkler heads shall be so connected as to be brought into action automatically by a pressure drop in the system.(d)Each pump shall be capable of maintaining a sufficient supply of water at the appropriate pressure, at the sprinkler heads, while such number of sprinkler heads as will be decided by the Administration are in operation.(e)There shall be not less than two sources of power supply for seawater pumps, air compressors and automatic alarms. Where the power is electrical the supply shall be taken through the emergency switchboard by a feeder reserved solely for that purpose. There shall be no switch in the circuit other than that at the switchboard. The switch shall be clearly labelled and shall normally be kept closed.(f)Sprinkler heads shall be required to operate at temperatures that will be decided by the Administration, Suitable means for the periodic testing of all automatic arrangements shall be provided.Regulation 49 – Breathing apparatus, smoke helmets and safety lamps
(a)A breathing apparatus or smoke helmet shall be of a type approved by the Administration.(b)In order to avoid smoke being breathed by the wearer of a smoke helmet or mask fitted with an air hose, the length of air hose supplied shall be sufficient to reach from the open deck, well clear of hatch or doorway, to any part of the holds or machinery spaces.(c)Safety lamps shall have a minimum burning period of three hours and be of a type approved by the Administration.Regulation 50 – Requirements for passenger ships
Patrols and detection
(a)An efficient patrol system shall be maintained in all passenger ships so that any outbreak of fire may be promptly detected. Manual fire alarms are to be fitted throughout the passenger and crew accommodation to enable the fire patrol to give an alarm immediately to the bridge or fire control station.(b)An approved fire alarm or fire-detecting system shall be provided which will automatically indicate at one or more suitable points or stations, where it can be most quickly observed by officers and crew, the presence or indication and location of fire in any part of the ship which, in the opinion of the Administration, is not accessible to the patrol system: except where it is shown to the satisfaction of the Administration that the ship is engaged on voyages of such short duration that it would be unreasonable to apply this requirement.Spaces used by passengers and crew
(c)A passenger ship shall be provided with appliances whereby at least two powerful jets of water can be rapidly and simultaneously directed on any part of each deck or space used by passengers or crew when all watertight doors and all doors in the main fire-resisting bulkheads are closed. Doors in intermediate bulkheads may be provided with suitable apertures fitted with covers.(d)A passenger ship shall be provided with such approved portable fire extinguishers as the Administration may deem to be appropriate and sufficient.Cargo spaces
(e)A passenger ship shall be provided with appliances whereby at least two powerful jets of water can be rapidly and simultaneously directed into any cargo space.(f)(i)A passenger ship of 1,000 tons gross tonnage or over shall be provided with appliances whereby fire smothering gas, sufficient to give a minimum volume of free gas equal to 30 per cent, of the gross volume of the largest hold in the ship which is capable of being sealed, can be promptly conveyed by a permanent piping system into any compartment in which cargo may be carried. The Administration may allow the use of steam in lieu of smothering gas in steamships and in ships propelled by internal combustion machinery if the arrangements comply with paragraph (d) of Regulation 47.(ii)Whore it is shown to the satisfaction of an Administration that a ship is engaged on voyages of such short duration that it would be unreasonable to apply the above requirement; also in passenger ships of less than 1,000 tons gross tonnage the arrangements in cargo spaces shall be to the satisfaction of the Administration.Machinery and bunker spaces
(g)A passenger ship shall be provided with appliances whereby at least two powerful jets of water can be rapidly and simultaneously directed into any part of the coal bunker spaces, boiler rooms and engine rooms.(h)A passenger ship fitted with oil-fired boilers or internal combustion propelling machinery shall be provided in the machinery spaces with at least two fire hydrants, one port and one starboard, and fire hoses for each hydrant complete with couplings and conductors, together with nozzles suitable for spraying water on oil.(i)A passenger ship in which the main or auxiliary boilers are oil-fired shall comply with paragraphs (g) and (h) of this Regulation and with the following:—(i)In each firing space there shall be a receptacle containing sand, sawdust impregnated with soda or other approved dry material, in such quantity as may be required by the Administration.(ii)There shall be at least two approved portable extinguishers discharging froth or other approved medium suitable for quenching oil fires, in each firing space in each boiler room and each space in which a part of the oil fuel installation is situated.(iii)There shall be approved appliances whereby froth can be rapidly discharged and distributed over the boiler room or rooms and any space in which oil fuel units or settling tanks are situated. The quantity of froth available for discharge shall be sufficient to cover to a depth of 6 inches (or 15 centimetres) the largest area over which oil fuel is liable to spread in the event of an accidental leakage. Alternatively, smothering gas or a fixed high-pressure water spraying system may be employed. If the engine and boiler rooms are not entirely separate, and fuel oil can drain from the boiler room into the engine room bilges, the combined engine and boiler rooms shall be considered as one compartment. Apparatus shall be controlled from an easily accessible position or positions, which will not be readily cut off by an outbreak of fire.(iv)There shall be one approved froth extinguisher of at least 30 gallons (or 136 litres) capacity in the case of ships having one boiler room, and two such extinguishers in the case of ships with more than one boiler room. These extinguishers shall be provided with hoses on reels suitable for reaching any part of the boiler room and spaces containing any part of the oil fuel installations. A 100 lbs. (or 45 kilogrammes) carbon dioxide extinguisher may be accepted as an alternative to a 30 gallons (or 136 litres) froth extinguisher.(j)A passenger ship propelled by internal combustion machinery shall, in addition to complying with paragraphs (g) and (h) of this Regulation, be provided in each of the machinery spaces with at least one approved froth extinguisher of not less than 10 gallons (or 45 litres) capacity, and also with one approved portable froth extinguisher for each 1,000 b.h.p. of the engines or part, thereof; but the total number of portable extinguishers so supplied shall be not less than two and need not exceed six. A 35 lbs. (or 16 kilogrammes) carbon dioxide extinguisher may be accepted as an alternative to the 10 gallons (or 45 litres) froth extinguisher.(k)If in a passenger ship propelled by internal combustion machinery a donkey boiler is fitted, sub-paragraph (i) (i) shall he complied with. If the donkey boiler is situated in a machinery space, there shall be provided in that space, in place of the large extinguisher required by the preceding paragraph, an approved froth extinguisher of at least 30 gallons (or 136 litres) capacity fitted with suitable hose attachments or other approved means for distributing froth. A 100 lbs. (or 45 kilogrammes) carbon dioxide extinguisher may be accepted as an alternative 30 gallons (or 136 litres) froth extinguisher.Pumps
(l)A passenger ship of 4,000 tons gross tonnage or over shall be provided with at least three fire pumps operated by steam or other motive power, and every passenger ship of under 4,000 tons gross tonnage, with at least two such fire pumps. Each fire pump shall be capable of delivering such quantity of water as the Administration may deem sufficient in at least two powerful jets simultaneously in any part of the ship.(m)In a passenger ship of 300 feet (or 91.5 metres) in length or over, fitted with oil fired boilers or internal combustion machinery, the arrangements of sea connections, pumps and sources of power for operating them shall be such as to ensure that a fire in any one compartment will not put all the fire pumps out of action. In a ship less than 300 feet (or 91.5 metres) in length, if a fire in any one compartment could put all the pumps out of action, there shall be an alternative means of extinguishing the fire.Water service pipes and hydrants
(n)A passenger ship shall be provided with water service pipes and hydrants complying with the relevant requirements of Regulation 45.Fire hoses
(o)A passenger ship shall be provided with such number of fire hoses as the Administration may deem sufficient. There shall be at least one fire hose for each hydrant and these hoses shall be used only for the purpose of extinguishing fires or testing the fire-extinguishing apparatus at fire drills and surveys.Smoke helmets and safety lamps
(p)A passenger ship shall carry at least two outfits each consisting of a breathing apparatus or smoke helmet a safety lamp and a fireman’s axe. These outfits shall be kept in widely separated places 1 ready for use. A portable electric drilling machine to provide emergency means of access to fires through decks, casings or bulkheads, shall be available.Regulation 51 – Requirements for cargo ships of 1,600 tons gross tonnage or over
(a)(i)A cargo ship of 2,000 tons gross tonnage or over shall be provided with apparatus whereby fire smothering gas sufficient to give a minimum volume of free gas equal to 30 per cent, of the gross volume of the largest hold in the ship which is capable of being sealed, can be promptly conveyed by a permanent piping system into any compartment in which cargo may be carried. The Administration may allow the use of steam in lieu, of smothering gas in steamships and in motorships if the arrangement comply with paragraph (b) of Regulation 47. In tankers, froth may be accepted as a suitable alternative to smothering gas or steam.(ii)The Administration may exempt from this requirement cargo holds of any ship (other than the tanks of a tanker)—(a)if they are provided with steel hatch covers and affective means of closing all ventilators and other openings leading to the holds;(b)if the ship is constructed and intended solely for carrying such cargoes, as ore or coal;(c)where it is shown to the satisfaction of the Administration that the ship is engaged on voyages of such short duration that it would be unreasonable to apply the requirement.(b)A cargo ship of 1,000 tons gross tonnage or over shall comply with the following:—(i)(a)There shall be two power pumps each capable of providing a full supply of water to the fire hoses together with appliances whereby at least two powerful jets of water can be rapidly and simultaneously directed into any part of the ship; such appliances to include as many fire hoses, each complete with couplings and conductor, as the Administration may deem sufficient(b)In such ships fitted with oil-fired boilers or internal combustion machinery, if a fire in any one compartment could put all the pumps out of action, there must be an alternative means of extinguishing the fire.(ii)There shall be portable fire extinguishers available for immediate use in the spaces used by crew aim passengers, if any, and in any case a minimum of five such extinguishers.(iii)There shall be an outfit consisting of a breathing apparatus or smoke helmet, a safety lamp, a fireman’s axe and, in except in tankers, a portable electric drilling machine to provide emergency means of access to fires through decks, casings or bulkheads.(c)A cargo ship of 1,000 tons gross tonnage or over with oil-fired boilers or internal combustion propelling machinery shall be provided in the machinery spaces with at least two fire hydrants, one port and one starboard, and for each hydrant a fire hose, complete with couplings and conductor together with a nozzle suitable for spraying water on oil.(d)A cargo ship of 1,000 tons gross tonnage or over in which oil is used as fuel for the main or auxiliary boilers shall also comply in the boiler and machinery spaces with the following:—(i)In each firing space there shall be a receptacle containing sand, sawdust impregnated with soda, or other approved dry material in such quantity as may be required by the Administration.(ii)There shall be at least two approved portable extinguishers discharging froth or other approved medium suitable for quenching oil fires, in each firing space in each boiler room and each space in which a part of the oil fuel installation is situated. In addition, there shall be at least one extinguisher of the same description with a capacity of 2 gallons (or 9 litres) for each burner, provided that the total capacity of the additional extinguisher(s) need not exceed 10 gallons (or 45 litres) for any one boiler room.(iii)There shall be approved appliances whereby froth can be rapidly discharged and distributed over the boiler room and any space in which oil fuel units or settling tanks are situated. The quantity of froth available for discharge shall be sufficient to cover to a depth of 6 inches the largest area over which oil fuel is liable to spread in the event of an accidental leakage. Alternatively, smothering gas or steam or a fixed high pressure water-spraying system may be employed. If the engine and boiler rooms are not entirely separate and fuel oil can drain from the boiler room into the engine room bilges, the combined engine and boiler rooms shall be considered as one compartment. Apparatus shall be controlled from an easily accessible position or positions, which will not be readily cut off by an outbreak of fire.(e)The Administration shall give special consideration to the fire extinguishing arrangements to be provided in the engine and boiler spaces of cargo ships of 1,000 tons gross tonnage or over in which oil and coal are used ad fuel simultaneously.(f)A cargo ship of 1,000 tons gross tonnage or over propelled by internal combustion machinery, shall be provided in the machinery spaces with—(i)appliances in accordance with paragraph (c) of this Regulation;(ii)one approved froth extinguisher of at least 10 gallons (or 45 litres) capacity or a 35 lbs. (or 16 kilogrammes) carbon dioxide extinguished;(iii)Portable extinguishers in such number and so distributed as may be required by the Administration having regard to the size and lay-out of the engine room and to the horse-power of the engines it being understood that the number of extinguishers may not be less than two and need not exceed six.Where an oil-fired boiler is fitted, the requirements of paragraph (d) of this Regulation are applicable.Regulation 52 – Ready availability of appliances
Fire extinguishing appliances in new and existing passenger ship and cargo ships shall be kept in good order and available for immediate use at all times during the voyage.Regulation 53 – Acceptance of substitutes
Where in this Part of this Chapter any special type of appliance, apparatus, extinguishing medium or arrangement is specified, any other type of appliance, etc., may be allowed, provided the Administration is satisfied that it is not less effective.Part F – Miscellaneous
(Part F applies only to passenger ships)
Regulation 54 – Means of escape
(a)In and from all passenger and crew spaces, stairways and ladderways shall be arranged so as to provide a ready means of escape to the lifeboat embarkation deck. In particular the following provisions shall be complied with:—(i)Below the bulkhead deck sufficient exit facilities shall be provided from each watertight, compartment independent of watertight doors to provide adequate means of escape and shall be arranged so as to be readily accessible.(ii)Above the bulkhead deck there shall be at least two practicable means of escape from each space bounded by main fire-resisting bulkheads, at least one of which shall give access to a stairway forming a vertical escape.(iii)The width, number and arrangement of the stairways shall be to the satisfaction of the Administration.(b)Practicable (means of escape for the crew shall be provided from each engine room, shaft tunnel, stokehold compartment, and other working spaces, independent of watertight doors.Regulation 55 – Power for going astern
A passenger ship shall have sufficient power for going astern to secure proper control of the ship in all normal circumstances.Regulation 56 – Steering gear
(a)A passenger ship shall be provided with main steering gear and auxiliary steering gear to the satisfaction of the Administration.(b)The auxiliary apparatus shall be capable of being brought speedily into action in an emergency and shall be of adequate strength and of sufficient power to steer the ship at navigable speed. It shall be operated by power in any ship in which the Administration would require a rudder stock of over 9 inches (or 22.86 centimeters) diameter in way of the tiller.(c)A duplicate main steering gear power unit and connections shall be acceptable as an auxiliary apparatus.Chapter III
Life saving appliances, etc.
Regulation 1 – Application
(a)This Chapter except where it is otherwise expressly provided, applies as follows to new ships engaged on international voyages:—Part A. — Passenger ships and cargo ships.Part B. — Passenger shipsPart C.— Cargo ships.(b)In the case of existing ships engaged on international voyages and which do not already comply with the provisions of this Chapter relating to new ships, the arrangements on each ship shall be considered by the Administration with a view to securing, so far as this is practicable and reasonable, compliance with the general principles set out in Regulation 4 not later than the (1st January, 1951, and substantial compliance with the other requirements of this Chapter.Part A – General
(Part A applies to both passenger ships and cargo ships).
Regulation 2 – Definitions
For the purposes of this Chapter the expression “short international voyage” means an international voyage in the course of which a ship is not more than 200 miles from a port or place in which the passengers and crew could be placed in safety, and which does not exceed 600 miles in length between the last port of call in the country in which the voyage begins and the final port of destination.Regulation 3 – Exemptions
(a)Each Administration, if it considers that the sheltered nature and condition of the voyage are such as to render the application of the full requirements of this Chapter unreasonable or unnecessary, may to that extent exempt from the requirements of this Chapter individual ships or classes of ships belonging to its country which, in the course of their voyage, do not go more than 20 miles from the nearest land.(b)In the case of passenger ships engaged on international voyages which are employed in the carriage of large numbers of unberthed passenger in special trades, such, for example, as the pilgrim trade, the Administration, if satisfied that it is impracticable to enforce compliance with the requirements of this Chapter, may exempt such ships, when they belong to its country, from those requirements on the following conditions:—(i)That the fullest provision which the circumstances of the trade will permit shall be made in the matter of lifeboats and other life-saving appliances and fire protection.(ii)That all such boats and apparatus shall be readily available within the meaning of Regulation 4.(iii)That a lifejacket shall be provided for every person on board.(iv)That steps shall be taken to formulate general rules which shall be applicable to the particular circumstances of these trades. Such rules shall be formulated in concert with such other Contracting Governments, if any, as may be directly interested in the carriage of such passengers in such trades.Notwithstanding any provisions of the present Convention the Simla Rules, 1931, shall continue in force as between the Parties to those Rules until the rules formulated under sub-paragraph (b)(iv) of this Regulation come into force.Regulation 4 – Ready availability of lifeboats and buoyant apparatus
(a)The general principles governing the provision of lifeboats and buoyant apparatus in a ship to which this Chapter applies are that they shall be readily available in ease of emergency.(b)To be readily available, the lifeboats and buoyant apparatus must comply with the following conditions:—(i)They must be capable of being put into the water safely and rapidly even under unfavourable conditions of list and trim.(ii)It must be possible to effect embarkation into the lifeboats rapidly and in good order.(iii)The arrangement of each lifeboat and article of buoyant apparatus must be such that it will not interfere with the operation of other boats and buoyant apparatus.(c)All life-saving appliances shall be kept in working order and available for immediate use before the ship leaves port and at all times during the voyage.Regulation 5 – Construction of lifeboats
(a)All lifeboats must be properly constructed and shall be of such form and proportions that they shall have ample stability in a, seaway, and sufficient freeboard when loaded with their full complement of persons and equipment.(b)All lifeboats must be open boats with rigid sides having internal buoyancy only. They shall be not less than 24 feet (or 7.3 metres) in length, except where owing to the size of the ship, or for other reasons, the Administration considers the carriage of such lifeboats unreasonable or impracticable. In no ship shall the lifeboats be less than 16 feet (or 4.9 metres) in length.(c)No lifeboat may be approved the weight of which when fully laden with persons and equipment exceeds 20 tons (or 20.300 kilogrammes).(d)All lifeboats certified to carry more than 60 persons shall be either motor lifeboats of Class A or Class B, complying with the requirements of Regulation 9 or be lifeboats fitted with other approved means of mechanical propulsion complying with the requirements of Regulation 10.(e)All lifeboats must be of sufficient, strength to enable them to be safely lowered into the water when loaded with their full complement of persons and equipment.(f)All lifeboat must have a mean sheer at least equal to 4 per cent, of their length.(g)In lifeboats certified to carry 100 or more persons the volume of the buoyancy shall be increased to the satisfaction of the Administration.(h)The buoyancy of a wooden lifeboat shall be provided by watertight air-cases, the total volume of which shall be at least equal to one-tenth of the cubic capacity of the boat.(i)The buoyancy of a metal lifeboat shall not be less than that required above foil a wooden lifeboat of the same cubic capacity, the volume of watertight air-cases being increased accordingly.(j)All thwarts and side-seats shall be fitted as low in the lifeboat as practicable, and bottom boards shall be fitted so that the thwarts shall not be more than 2 feet 9 inches (or 84 centimetres) above them.Regulation 6 – Cubic capacity of lifeboats
(a)The cubic capacity of a lifeboat shall be determined by Stirling’s (Simpson’s) Rule or by any other method giving the same degree of accuracy. The capacity of a square-sterned lifeboat shall be calculated as if the lifeboat had a pointed stern.(b)For example, the capacity in cubic feet (or cubic metres) of a lifeboat, calculated by the aid of Stirling’s Rule, may be considered aa given, by the following formula:—
L being the length of the lifeboat in feet (or metres) from the inside of the planking or plating at the stem to the corresponding point at the stern post; in the case of a lifeboat with a square stern, the length is measured to the inside of the transom.A, B, C denote respectively the areas of the cross-sections at the quarter-length forward, amidships, and the quarter-length aft, which correspond to the three points obtained by dividing into four equal parts (the areas corresponding to the two ends of the lifeboat are considered negligible).The areas A, B, C shall be deemed to be given in square feet (or cross square metres) by the successive application of the following formula to each of the three cross-sections—
h being the depth measured in feet (or in metres) inside the planking or plating from the keel to the level of the gunwale, or, in certain cases, to a lower level as determined hereafter.a, b, c, d, e denote the horizontal breadths of the lifeboat measured in feet (or in metres) at the upper and lower points of the depth and at the three points obtained by dividing h into four equal parts (a and e being the breadths at the extreme point, and c at the middle point of h).(c)If the sheer of the gunwale, measured at the two points situated at a quarter of the length of the lifeboat from the ends, exceeds 1 per cent, of the length of the lifeboat, the depth employed in calculating the area of the crosssections A or C shall be deemed to be the depth amidships plus 1 per cent, of the length of the lifeboat.(d)If the depth of the lifeboat amidships exceeds 45 per cent, of the breadth, the depth employed in calculating the area of the amidships cross-section B shall be deemed to be equal to 45 per cent, of the breadth, and the depth employed in calculating the areas of the quarter-length sections A and C is obtained by increasing this last figure by an amount equal to 1 per cent, of the length of the lifeboat, provided that in no case shall the depths employed in the calculation exceed the actual depths at these points.(e)If the depth of the lifeboat is greater than 4 feet (or 122 centimetres) the number of persons given by the application of this rule shall be reduced in proportion to the ratio of 4 feet (or 122 centimetres) to the actual depth, until the lifeboat has been satisfactorily tested afloat with that number of persons on board, all wearing life-jackets.(f)Each Administration shall impose, by suitable formulae, a limit for the number of persons allowed in lifeboats with very fine ends and in lifeboats very full in form.(g)Each Administration may assign to a lifeboat, capacity equal to the product of the length, the breadth and the depth multiplied by 0.6 if it is evident that this formula does not give a greater capacity than that obtained by the above method. The dimensions shall then be measured in the following manner:—Length.—From the intersection of the outside of the planking with the stem to the corresponding point at the stem post or, in the case of a square-stemed boat, to the after side of the transom.Breadth.—From the outside of the planking at the point where the breadth if the boat is greatest.Depth.—Amidships inside the planking from the keel to the level of the gunwale, but the depth used in calculating the cubic capacity may not in any case exceed 45 per cent, of the breadth.In all cases the shipowner has the right to require that the cubic capacity of the lifeboat shall be determined by exact measurement.(h)The cubic capacity of a motor boat is obtained from the gross capacity by deducting a volume equal to that occupied by the motor and its accessories, and, when carried, the radiotelegraph installation and the searchlight with their accessories.Regulation 7 – Carrying capacity of lifeboats
(a)The number) of persons which a lifeboat can accommodate is equal to the greatest whole number obtained by dividing the capacity in cubic feet by 10 (or in cubic metres by 0.283).(b)This number shall be reduced when it is greater than the number of persons for which there is proper seating accommodation; the latter number shall be determined in such a way that the persons when seated do not interfere in any way with the use of the oars.(c)In the test for determining the number of persons which lifeboat can accommodate each person shall be assumed to be an adult person wearing a lifejacket.Regulation 8 – Proportion of motor Lifeboats and other mechanically propelled lifeboats to be carried
(a)Where the number of lifeboats required to be carried in a ship is 20 or more, two shall be motor lifeboats of Class A complying with the requirements of Regulation 9.(b)Where the member of lifeboats to be carried in a ship is more than 13 but less than 20, one shall be a motor lifeboat of Class A and a second shall be a motor lifeboat of Class A or Class B complying with the requirements of Regulation 9 or an approved mechanically propelled lifeboat complying with the requirements of Regulation 10.(c)All passenger ships not provided under the foregoing provisions with a motor lifeboat shall carry a motor lifeboat of either Class A or Class B, complying with the requirements of Regulation 9 or an approved mechanically propelled lifeboat complying with the requirements of Regulation 10.(d)All cargo ships of 1,600 tons gross tonnage and upwards shall carry a motor lifeboat of Class A or Class B complying with the requirements of Regulation 9 or a mechanically propelled lifeboat complying with the requirements of Regulation 10.Regulation 9 – Specification of motor lifeboat
(a)Class AA motor lifeboat of Class A shall comply with the following conditions:(i)It shall be fitted with an approved type of compression ignition engine and be provided with fuel sufficient, for 24 hours continuous operation, and kept so as to be at all times ready for use.(ii)The engine and its accessories shall be suitably enclosed to ensure operation under adverse weather conditions, and provision shall be made for going astern.(iii)The speed ahead shall be at least six knots in smooth water when loaded with its full complement of persons and equipment.(b)Class BA motor lifeboat of Class B shall comply with the following conditions:(i)It shall be adequately provided with fuel, and kept so as to be at all times ready for use.(ii)The engine and its accessories shall besuitably enclosed to ensure operation under adverse weather conditions, and provision shall be made for going astern.(iii)The speed ahead shall be at least four knots in smooth water when loaded with its full complement of persons and equipment.(c)The volume of the internal buoyancy appliances of a motor lifeboat shall be at least equal to that of the buoyancy appliances which would be required under these Regulations if the boat were not a motor lifeboat, and shall be increased above that volume, if, and to the extent that such increase is necessary to compensate for the difference between—(i)the weight of the engine and its accessories, and, if fitted, the search-light and the radiotelegraph installation and their accessories, and(ii)the weight of the additional persons which the lifeboat could accommodate if the motor and its accessories, and, if fitted, the searchlight and the radiotelegraph installation and their accessories, were removed.(d)Where a Class A motor lifeboat is carried voluntarily in place of a Class B motor lifeboat, or other type of approved mechanically propelled lifeboat, in excess of the numbers required, the requirements of paragraph (b)(i) of this Regulation in regard to fuel shall apply.Regulation 10 – Specification of a mechanically propelled lifeboat other than a motor lifeboat
A mechanically propelled lifeboat, other than a motor lifeboat, shall comply with the following conditions:—(a)The propelling gear shall be of an approved type and shall have sufficient power to enable the lifeboat to be readily cleared from the ship’s side when launched and to be able to hold course under adverse weather conditions. If the gear is manually operated it shall be capable of being worked by persons untrained in use end shall be capable of being operated when the lifeboat is flooded.(b)Provision shall be made for going astern.(c)The volume of the internal buoyancy of a mechanically propelled lifeboat, other than a motor lifeboat, shall be increased to compensate for the weight of the propelling gear.Regulation 11 – Equipment, of lifeboats
(a)The normal equipment of every lifeboat shall consist of—(i)a single banked complement of oars, two spare oars, and a steering oarl; one set and a half of thole pins or crutches, attached to the lifeboat, by lanyard or chain; a boat hook;(ii)two plugs for each plug hole (plugs are not required when proper automatic valves are fitted) attached to the lifeboat by lanyards or chains; a baler, and two buckets of approved material;(iii)a rudder attached to the lifeboat and a tiller;(iv)two hatchets, one at each end of the lifeboat;(v)a lamp, with oil sufficient for 12 hours; two boxes of suitable matches in a water-tight container;(vi)a mast or masts, with galvanised wire stays together with sails (coloured orange);(vii)an efficient compass in binnacle, to be luminised or fitted with suitable means of illumination;(viii)a life-line beoketed round the outside of the lifeboat;(ix)a sea-anchor of approved size;(x)two painters of sufficient length. One shall be secured to the forward end of the lifeboat with strop and toggle so that it can be released, and the other shall be firmly secured to the stem of the lifeboat and be ready for use;(xi)a vessel containing one gallon (or four and one-half litres) of vegetable, fish or animal oil. The vessel shall be so constructed that the oil can be easily distributed on the water, and so arranged that it can be attached to the seaanchor;(xii)an air-tight receptacle containing two pounds (or one kilogramme) of provisions for each person;(xiii)one pound (or half a kilogramme) of condensed milk or its equivalent for each person;(xiv)water-tight receptacles containing three quarts (or three litres) of fresh water for each person; a dipper with lanyard;(xv)two parachute signals of approved type capable of giving a bright red light at a high altitude; six hand flares of an approved type giving a bright red light;(xvi)two buoyant smoke signals of an approved type (for day-time use) capable of giving off a volume of orangecoloured smoke;(xvii)approved means to enable persons to cling to the boat should it be upturned, in the form of bilge keels or keel rails, together with grab line secured from gunwale to gunwale under the keel, or other approved arrangements;(xviii)an approved first aid outfit in a watertight case;(xix)an electric torch suitable for morse-signalling together with two spare batteries and two spare bulbs;(xx)a daylight-signalling mirror of an approved type;(xxi)a jack-knife fitted with a tin opener to be kept attached to the boat with a lanyard;(xxii)two light buoyant heaving lines;(xxiii)a manual pump of an approved type; and(xxiv)a suitable locker for stowage of small items of equipment.(b)In the case of ships engaged on voyages of such duration that in the opinion of the Administration concerned the items specified in subparagraphs (vi), (xii), (xiii), (xx) and (xxi) of paragraph (a) of this Regulation are unnecessary, the Administration may allow them to be dispensed with.(c)Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (a) of this Regulation, motor lifeboats or other approved mechanically propelled lifeboats need not carry a mast or sails or more than half the complement of oars, but they shall carry two boat hooks.(d)All lifeboats certified to carry more than 60 persons shall be fitted with suitable means to enable persons in the water to climb into the lifeboat.Regulation 12 – Security of lifeboat equipment
All items of lifeboat equipment not kept in the lockers, with the exception of the boat hook which shall be kept free for fending off purposes, shall be suitably secured within the lifeboat. The lashing shall be carried out in such a manner as to ensure the security of the equipment and so as not to interfere with the lifting hooks or to prevent ready loading of, or impede ready entry into, the lifeboat.Regulation 13 – Lifeboat portable radio apparatus
(a)Ships carrying less than 20 lifeboats shall be provided with an approved portable radiotelegraph apparatus complying with the requirements set out in Regulation 14 of Chapter IV. All this equipment shall be kept together in the chart room or other suitable place ready to be moved to one or other of the lifeboats in the event of an emergency.(b)In the case of ships engaged on voyages of such duration that, in the opinion of the Administration, lifeboat portable radio apparatus is unnecessary, the Administration may allow such equipment to be dispensed with.Regulation 14 – Embarkation into the lifeboats
Suitable arrangements shall be made for embarkation into the lifeboats, which shall include—(a)a suitable Ladder at each set of davits, to afford access to the lifeboats when waterborne;(b)suitable means for illuminating the launching gear and lifeboats during the process of launching;(c)suitable arrangements for warning the passengers and crew that the ship is about to be abandoned; and(d)suitable means situated outside the, engine room whereby any discharge of water into the lifeboats can be prevented.Regulation 15 – Marking of lifeboats and buoyant apparatus
(a)The dimensions of a lifeboat and the number of persons which it is authorized to carry shall be marked on it in dear permanent characters. The name of the ship to which the lifeboat belongs shall be painted on the bows.(b)Buoyant apparatus (and life rafts carried in lieu of buoyant apparatus) shall he marked with the number of persons in the same manner.(c)No lifeboat or buoyant apparatus shall be marked for a greater number of persons than that obtained in the manner specified in these Regulations.Regulation 16 – Specification of a lifebuoy
(a)A lifebuoy shall satisfy the following requirements:—(i)It-shall be of solid cork or any other equivalent material;(ii)It shall be capable of supporting in fresh water for 24 hours at least 32 pounds (or 14.5 kilogrammes) of iron.Lifebuoys filled with rushes, cork shavings or granulated cork, or any other loose granulated material, or whose buoyancy depends upon air compartment which require to be inflated, are prohibited.(b)Lifebuoys shall be fitted with beckets securely seized. At least one lifebuoy on each side shall be fitted with a life-line of at least 15 pounds (or 27.5 metres) in length. Not less than one-half of the total number of lifebuoys, and in no case less than six shall be provided with efficient self-igniting lights which cannot be extinguished by water, and these shall be kept near the buoys to which they belong, with the necessary means of attachment.(c)All lifebuoys shall be so placed as to be readily accessible to the persons on board.(d)Lifebuoys shall always be capable of being rapidly cast loose and shall not be permanently secured in any way.Regulation 17 – Lifejackets
(a)Ships shall carry for every person on board a lifejacket of a type approved by the Administration, and in addition, unless these lifejackets can be adapted for use by children, a sufficient number of lifejackets suitable for children.(b)A lifejacket shall not be approved by an Administration unless it satisfies the following requirements:—(i)It shall be constructed with proper workmanship and materials.(ii)It shall be capable of supporting in fresh water for 24 hours 16-5 pounds (or 7.5 kilogrammes) of iron.(iii)It shall be reversible.(iv)It shall be capable of holding up the head of an unconscious person in the water.Lifejackets, the buoyancy of which depends on air compartments, are prohibited.(c)Lifejackets shall be so placed as to be readily accessible and their position shall be plainly indicated.Regulation 18 – Line-throwing appliances
(a)Ships shall carry a line-throwing appliance of a type approved by the Administration.(b)The appliance shall be capable of carrying a line not less than 250 yards (or 230 metres) with reasonable accuracy, and shall include not less than four projectiles and four lines.Regulation 19 – Ships' distress signals
Ships shall be provided, to the satisfaction of the Administration, with means of making effective distress signals by day and by night, including parachute signals capable of giving a bright red light at a high altitude.Regulation 20 – Muster list and emergency procedure
(a)Special duties to be undertaken in the event of an emergency, shall be allotted to each member of the crew.(b)The muster list shall show all these special duties and shall indicate, in particular, the station to which each member must go, and the duties that he has to perform.(c)Before the vessel sails, the muster list shall be drawn up. Copies shall be posted in several parts of the ship, and in particular in the crew’s quarters.(d)The muster list shall assign duties to the different members of the crew in connection with—(i)the closing of the watertight doors, valves and closing mechanism of scuppers, ash-shoots, etc.;(ii)the equipping of the lifeboats, including the portable radio apparatus, and buoyant apparatus generally;(iii)the launching of the lifeboats attached to davits;(iv)the general preparation of the other boats, and buoyant apparatus;(v)the muster of the passengers; and(vi)the extinction of fire.(e)The muster list shall assign to the members of the stewards’ department their several duties in relation to the passengers in time of emergency. These duties shall include:—(i)warning the passengers;(ii)seeing that they are dressed and have put on their lifejackets in a proper manner;(iii)assembling the passengers at muster stations;(iv)keeping order in the passages and on the stairways, and, generally, controlling the movements of the passengers; and(v)seeing that a supply of blankets is taken to the lifeboats.(f)The muster list shall specify definite signals for calling all the crew to their boat and fire stations, and shall give full particulars of these signals.Regulation 21 – Practice musters and drills
(a)(i)In passenger ships, musters of the crew for boat drill and fire drill shall take place weekly when practicable. In passenger ships in which the voyage exceeds one week, there shall be such a muster before the ship leaves the final port of departure.(ii)In cargo ships, a muster of the crew for boat drill and fire drill shall take place at intervals of not more than one month.(iii)The dates upon which musters are held shall be recorded in such log book as may be prescribed by the Administration; and, if in any week (for passenger ships) or month (for cargo ships) a muster is not held, an entry shall be made stating why a muster was not practicable.(b)In passenger ships, except those engaged on short international voyage, a muster of the passengers shall be held within twenty-four hours after leaving port.(c)Different groups of lifeboats shall be used in turn at successive boat drills. The drills and inspections shall be so arranged that the crew thoroughly understand and are practised in the duties they have to perform.(d)The emergency signal for summoning passengers to muster stations shall be a succession of more than six short blasts followed by one long blast on the whistle or siren. This shall be supplemented on passenger ships, except those engaged in short international voyages, by other electrically operated signals throughout the ship controlled from the bridge. The meaning of all signals affecting passengers, with precise instructions on what they are to do in an emergency, shall be clearly stated in appropriate languages on cards posted in their cabins and in conspicuous places in other passenger quarters.Part B – Passenger ships only
(Part B applies to passenger ships only.)
Regulation 22 – Lifeboats and buoyant apparatus
(a)Subject to the provisions of the following paragraphs of this Regulation, there must, in passenger ships, be accommodation in lifeboats for all persons on board, and there must, in addition, be buoyant apparatus for 25 per cent, of the persons on board. No more lifeboats shall be required on any passenger ship than are sufficient to accommodate all persons on board.(b)In the case of passenger ships engaged on short international voyages, lifeboats and buoyant apparatus must be provided in accordance with the requirements set out for such ships in Regulations 23 and 24. If the Administration considers that the carriage of passengers in excess of the lifeboat capacity be provided is necessitated by the volume of traffic, the Administration may permit this if the ship complies with the provisions applicable to this class of ship laid down in Regulation 1(d) of Chapter II.(c)An Administration may permit individual ships or classes of ships with short international voyage certificates to proceed on voyages in excess of 600 miles, but not exceeding 1,200 miles, if such ships comply with the provisions of paragraph (b) of this Regulation and if they carry lifeboats which provide for at least 75 per cent, of the persons on board.Regulation 23 – Number of davits and, capacity of lifeboats and, buoyant apparatus
(a)(i)A passenger ship shall be provided with sets of davits in accordance with its length as provided in Column A of the Table in Regulation 24 except that a number of sets of davits greater than the number of lifeboats necessary for the accommodation of all the persons on board shall notbe required.(ii)Each set of davits shall have a lifeboat attached. If these lifeboats do not provide sufficient accommodation for all persons on board, additional sets of davits with lifeboats attached shall be fitted if practicable. If the lifeboats attached to davits do not provide accommodation for all persons on board, additional lifeboats shall be carried under the lifeboats attached to davits be that accommodation for all person is provided.(iii)When in the opinion of the Administration it is impracticable or unreasonable to place on a ship the number of sets of davits required by Column A of the Table in Regulation 24, the Administration may authorize, under exceptional conditions, a smaller number of sets of davits as specified in Column B of the Table.(b)(i)A passenger ship engaged on a short international voyage shall be provided with sets of davits in accordance with its length as specified in Column A of the Table in Regulation 24. Each set of davits shall have a lifeboat attached to it and these lifeboats shall provide at least the minimum capacity required by Column C of the Table or the capacity required to provide accommodation for all persons on board if less. In the case of ships certified to carry a number of persons in excess of the lifeboat capacity specified in Column C, additional lifeboats under davits or approved buoyant apparatus shall be provided so that the total accommodation afforded by all the lifeboats, together with the buoyant apparatus, shall be sufficient for all on board. In addition there shall be buoyant apparatus for 10 per cent, of all on board.(ii)When in the opinion of the Administration it is impracticable or unreasonable to place on a ship engaged on short international voyages the number of sets of davits required by Column A of the Table in Regulation 24, the Administration may authorize, under exceptional conditions, a smaller number of sets of davits, except that this number shall never be less than the minimum number fixed by Column B of the Table, and that the total capacity of the lifeboats on the ship will be at least up to the minimum capacity required by Column C or the capacity required to provide for all persons on board if less.(c)Passenger ships shall carry two boats attached to davits —one on each side of the ship—for use in an emergency. These boats shall be of a type approved by the Administration and shall normally be not more than 26 feet (or 8 metres) in length. They may be counted for the purposes of Regulation 22, provided that they comply fully with the requirements of this Chapter for lifeboats. They shall be kept ready for immediate use while the ship is at sea. In ships in which the requirements of Regulation 26(j) are met by means of appliances fitted to the sides of the lifeboats, such appliances shall not be required to be fitted to the two boats provided to meet the requirements of this Regulation.Regulation 24 – Table relating to davits and lifeboat capacity
The following table fixes according to the length of the ship—(A)the minimum number of sets of davits to be provided to each of which must be attached a lifeboat in accordance with Regulation 23 above;(B)the smaller number of sets of davits which may be authorised exceptionally under Regulation 23; and(C)the minimum lifeboat capacity required for a ship engaged on short international voyages.| Registered Length of Ship | (A) Minimum number of sets of davits | (B) Smaller number of sets of davits authorised exceptionally | (C) Minimum capacity of lifeboats |
|---|
| Feet | Metres | Cubic Feet | Cubic Metres |
|---|
| 100 | and under | 120 | 31 | and under | 37 | 2 | 2 | 400 | 11 |
| 120 | 140 | 37 | 43 | 2 | 2 | 650 | 18 |
| 140 | 160 | 43 | 49 | 2 | 2 | 900 | 26 |
| 160 | 175 | 49 | 53 | 3 | 3 | 1,150 | 33 |
| 175 | 190 | 53 | 58 | 3 | 3 | 1,350 | 38 |
| 190 | 205 | 58 | 63 | 4 | 4 | 1,650 | 44 |
| 205 | 220 | 63 | 67 | 4 | 4 | 1,750 | 50 |
| 220 | 230 | 67 | 70 | 5 | 4 | 1,850 | 52 |
| 230 | 245 | 70 | 75 | 5 | 4 | 2,150 | 61 |
| 245 | 255 | 75 | 78 | 6 | 5 | 2,400 | 68 |
| 255 | 270 | 78 | 82 | 6 | 5 | 2,700 | 76 |
| 270 | 285 | 82 | 87 | 7 | 5 | 3,000 | 85 |
| 285 | 300 | 87 | 91 | 7 | 5 | 3,300 | 94 |
| 300 | 315 | 91 | 96 | 8 | 6 | 3,600 | 102 |
| 315 | 330 | 96 | 101 | 8 | 6 | 3,900 | 110 |
| 330 | 350 | 101 | 107 | 9 | 7 | 4,300 | 122 |
| 350 | 370 | 107 | 113 | 9 | 7 | 4,750 | 135 |
| 370 | 390 | 113 | 119 | 10 | 7 | 5,150 | 148 |
| 390 | 410 | 119 | 125 | 10 | 7 | 5,650 | 157 |
| 410 | 435 | 125 | 133 | 12 | 9 | 6,050 | 171 |
| 435 | 460 | 133 | 140 | 12 | 9 | 6,650 | 185 |
| 460 | 490 | 140 | 149 | 14 | 10 | 7,150 | 202 |
| 490 | 520 | 149 | 159 | 14 | 10 | 7,800 | 221 |
| 520 | 550 | 159 | 168 | 16 | 12 | 8,400 | 238 |
| 550 | 580 | 168 | 177 | 16 | 12 | | |
| 580 | 610 | 177 | 186 | 18 | 13 | | |
| 610 | 640 | 186 | 195 | 18 | 13 | | |
| 640 | 670 | 195 | 204 | 20 | 14 | | |
| 670 | 700 | 204 | 213 | 20 | 14 | | |
| 700 | 730 | 213 | 223 | 22 | 15 | | |
| 730 | 760 | 223 | 232 | 22 | 15 | | |
| 760 | 790 | 232 | 241 | 24 | 17 | | |
| 790 | 820 | 241 | 250 | 24 | 17 | | |
| 820 | 855 | 250 | 261 | 26 | 18 | | |
| 855 | 890 | 261 | 271 | 26 | 18 | | |
| 890 | 925 | 271 | 282 | 28 | 19 | | |
| 925 | 960 | 282 | 293 | 28 | 19 | | |
| 960 | 995 | 293 | 303 | 30 | 20 | | |
| 995 | 1,030 | 303 | 314 | 30 | 20 | | |
Regulation 25 – Radio apparatus and searchlights in motor lifeboat
(a)Every motor lifeboat of Class A, required to be carried in compliance with paragraphs (a) and (b) of Regulation 8, must be fitted with a radiotelegraph installation complying with the requirements set out in this Regulation and in Regulation 13 of Chapter IV, and also with a searchlight complying with paragraph (f) of this Regulation.(b)The radio installation shall be installed in a cabin large enough to accommodate both the equipment and the person using it.(c)The arrangements shall be such that the efficient operation of the transmitter and receiver shall not be interfered with by the engine while it is running, whether a battery is on charge or not.(d)The radio battery shall not be used to supply power to any engine starting motor or ignited system.(e)The motor lifeboat engine shall be fitted with a dynamo for recharging the radio battery, and for other services.(f)The searchlight shall include a lamp of at least 80 watts, an efficient reflector and a source of power which wifi give effective illumination of a light-coloured object having a width of about 60 feet (or 18 metres) at a distance of 200 yards (or 180 metres) for a total period of six hours and shall be capable of working for at least three hours continuously.Regulation 26 – Stowage and handling of lifeboats
(a)Lifeboats shall be stowed to the satisfaction of the Administration in such a way that—(i)they can be launched in the shortest possible time;(ii)they will not impede in any way the prompt handling of any of the other lifeboats attached to davits or stowed under lifeboats attached to davits or the buoyant apparatus or the marshalling of the persons on board at the launching stations, or their embarkation; and(iii)even under conditions of list and trim unfavourable from the point of view of the handling of the lifeboats, as large a number of persons as possible can be embarked in them(b)Where practicable not more than one lifeboat shall be served by a single sot of davits. In ships where this arrangement is impracticable, the lifeboats may, subject to the foregoing provisions, bestowed one above the other, or they may, subject to such conditions as the Administration may impose, be fitted one within another, but where lifeboats so fitted require lifting before being launched mechanical power appliances for lifting shall be provided.(c)Where a lifeboat is stowed underneath another lifeboat, there shall be provided approved removable supports or other approved appliances so as to secure that the weight of a lifeboat is not unduly supported by the lifeboat underneath it.(d)Lifeboats may only be stowed on more than one deck on condition that proper measures are taken to prevent lifeboats on a lower deck being fouled by those stowed on a deck above.(e)Lifeboats shall not be placed in the bows of the ship. They shall be stowed in such positions as to ensure safe launching.(f)Davits shall be of approved form and shall be suitably placed to the satisfaction of the Administration. They shall be so disposed on one or more decks that the lifeboats placed under them can be safely lowered without interference from the operation of any other davits.(g)In ships over 150 feet (or 46 metres) in length, the davits shall be as follows:—(i)Luffing or gravity type for operating lifeboats weighing not more than 4 tons (or 4,064 kilogrammes) in their turning out condition.(ii)Gravity type for operating lifeboats weighing more than 4 tons (or 4,064 kilogrammes) in then turning out condition.(h)In ships not exceeding 150 feet (or 46 metres) in length, the davits if of radial type shall be fitted with approved means to prevent them from being jerked from their sockets.(i)The davits, falls, blocks and all other gear shall be of such strength that the lifeboats can be safely lowered with the full complement of persons and equipment, with the ship listed at 15 degrees either way.(j)In ships in which the boat deck is more than 15 feet (or 4.6 metres) above the deepest sea-going draught arrangements shall be made to facilitate launching the lifeboats against an adverse list.(k)The lifeboats, except the emergency boats referred to in Regulation 23 shall be served by wire rope falls, together with winches of an approved type, but the Administration may allow manila rope falls with or without winches to be fitted in ships where, having regard, for example, to the height of the boat deck above the lightest sea-going draught, they are satisfied that manila rope falls are adequate.(l)Two lifelines shall be fitted to the davit spans, and the falls and lifelines shall be long enough to reach the water with the ship at its lightest sea-going draught and listed to 15 degrees either way. Lower fall blocks shall be fitted with a suitable ring or long link for attaching to the sling hooks unless an approved type of disengaging gear is fitted.(m)Lifeboats attached to davits shall have the falls ready for service, and arrangements shall be made for speedily, but not necessarily simultaneously, detaching the lifeboats from the falls. The points of attachment of the lifeboats to the falls shall be so situated as to ensure the lifeboats being easily swung clear of the davits.(n)If more than one lifeboat is served by the same set of davits, separate fails shall be provided to serve each lifeboat, unless the falls are of wire rope. The appliances used shall be such as to ensure lowering the lifeboats rapidly and in turn. Where mechanical power appliances are fitted for the recovery of the falls, efficient hand gear shall also be provided.Regulation 27 – Lighting for decks, lifeboats, etc.
(a)Provision shall be made for an electric or other system of lighting, sufficient for all requirements of safety, in the different parts of a passenger ship, and particularly upon decks on which the lifeboats are stowed. Provision shall also be made for the illumination of the launching gear, and the lifeboats in process of, and immediately after, being launched. The self-contained emergency source of electrical power required by Regulation 22 of Chapter II shall be capable of supplying, when necessary, this lighting system.(b)The exit from every main compartment occupied by passengers or crew shall be continuously lighted by an emergency lamp. The power for these emergency lamps shall be so arranged that they will be supplied from the emergency source of power referred to in paragraph (a) of this Regulation in the event of failure of the main generating plant.Regulation 28 – Manning of lifeboats
(a)A deck officer or certificated lifeboatman shall be placed in charge of each lifeboat and a second-in-command shall also be nominated. The person in charge shall have a list of the lifeboat’s crew, and shall see that the men placed under his orders are acquainted with their several duties.(b)A man capable of working the motor shall be assigned to each motor lifeboat.(c)A man capable of working the radio and searchlight installations shall be assigned to each lifeboat carrying this equipment in accordance with Regulation 25.Regulation 29 – Certificated lifeboatmen
(a)In passenger ships there must be, for every lifeboat carried in order to comply with this Chapter, a number of lifeboatmen at least equal to that specified in the following table:—| Prescribed complement of lifeboat | The minimum number of certificated life-boatmen shall be |
|---|
| Less than 4 persons | 2 |
| From 41 to 61 persons | 3 |
| From 62 to 85 persons | 4 |
| Above 85 persons | 5 |
Regulation 30 – Buoyant apparatus and life rafts
(a)The expression “buoyant apparatus” means flotation equipment (other than lifeboats, lifebuoys and life-jackets) designed to support a specified number of persons who are in the water and of such construction that it retains its shape and properties.(b)No type of buoyant apparatus may be approved unless it satisfies the following conditions:—(i)It shall be of such size and strength that it can be thrown from the place where it is stowed into the water without being damaged.(ii)It shall not exceed 400 lb, in weight (or 180 kilogrammes) unless suitable means to the satisfaction of the Administration are provided to enable it to be launched without lifting by hand.(iii)It shall be of approved material and construction.(iv)It shall be effective and stable when floating either way up.(v)The air cases or equivalent buoyancy shall be placed as near as possible to the sides of the apparatus, and such buoyancy shall not be dependent upon inflation.(vi)It shall be fitted with a painter and hove a line securely bucketed round the outside.(c)The number of persons for which buoyant apparatus is certified shall be the number—(i)ascertained by dividing the number of pounds of iron which it is capable of supporting in fresh water by 32 (or the number of kilogrammes divided by 14.5), or(ii)equal to the number of feet (equivalent to 30-5 centimetres) in the perimeterwhichever is the less.(d)Life rafts may be carried in lieu of buoyant apparatus, provided that, in addition to complying with the requirements of sub-paragraph (ii), (iii), (iv), (v) and (vi) of paragraph (b) of this Regulation each life raft satisfies the following conditions:—(i)It shall be of such strength that it can be launched or thrown from the place where it is stowed into the water without being damaged.(ii)It shall have not less than three cubic feet (or 85 cubic decimetres) of air cases or equivalent buoyancy for each person it is certified to carry.(iii)It shall have a deck area of not less than four square feet (or 3,720 square centimetres) for each person it is certified to carry, and it shall effectively support the occupants out of the water.(iv)It shall be equipped with two paddles.Regulation 31 – Number of lifebuoys to be provided
The minimum number of lifebuoys with which passenger ships are to be provided is fixed by the following table:—| Length of ship | Minimum number of buoys |
|---|
| In Feet | In Metres |
|---|
| Under 200 | Under 61 | | 8 |
| 200 and under 400 | 61 and under 122 | | 12 |
| 400 and under 600 | 122 and under | 183 | 18 |
| 600 and under 800 | 183 and under | 244 | 24 |
| 800 and over | 244 and over | | 30 |
Part C – Cargo ships only
(Part C applies to cargo ships only.)
Regulation 32 – Number and capacity of lifeboats
(a)Cargo ships, except those employed as whale factory ships, shall carry lifeboats attached to davits on each side of the ship of such aggregate capacity as will accommodate all persons on board.(b)Every ship employed as a whale factory ship shall carry lifeboats attached to davits on each side of the ship of such aggregate capacity as will accommodate every member of the crew engaged to work the ship. In addition, every such ship shall carry lifeboats of aggregate capacity sufficient to accommodate the total number of additional persons which the ship carries. Those additional lifeboats shall, where practicable, be attached to davits. If not attached to davits, they shall be stowed under lifeboats attached to davits.(c)Every tanker of 3,000 tons gross tonnage and upwards shall carry not loss than four lifeboats attached to davits, two of which shall be carried aft and two amidships.Regulation 33 – Davits and launching arrangements
(a)In cargo ships lifeboats attached to davits shall be stowed to the satisfaction of the Administration.(b)Lifeboats shall not be placed in the bows of the ship. They shall be stowed in such positions as to ensure safe launching.(c)Davits shall be of approved form and shall be suitably placed to the satisfaction of the Administration.(d)In ships of over 150 feet (or 46 metres) in length the davits shall be as follows:—(i)Luffing or gravity type for operating lifeboats weighing not more than 4 tons (or 4,064 kilogrammes) in their turning out condition;(ii)gravity type for operating lifeboats weighing more than 4 tons (or 4,064 kilogrammes) in their turning out condition.(e)In cargo ships not exceeding 150 feet (or 46 metres) in length, the davits if of radial typo shall be fitted with approved means to prevent them from being jerked from their sockets.(f)The davits, falls, blocks and all other gear shall be of such strength that the lifeboats can be safely lowered with the full complement, of persons and equipment, with the ship listed to 15 degrees either way.(g)In cargo ships in which the boat deck is more than 15 feet above the deepest sea-going draught arrangements shall be made to facilitate launching the lifeboats against an adverse list.(h)The lifeboats shall be served by wire rope falls together with winches of an approved type, but the Administration may allow manila rope falls with or without winches to be fitted in ships where, having regard, for example, to the height of the boat deck above the lightest sea-going draught, they are satisfied that manila rope falls are adequate.(i)Two lifelines shall be fitted to the davit spans and the falls and lifelines shall be long enough to reach the water with the ship at her lightest sea-going draught and listed to 15 degrees either way. Lower fall blocks shall be fitted with a suitable ring or long link for attaching to the sling hooks unless an approved type of disengaging gear is fitted.(j)Lifeboats attached to davits shall have the falls ready for service, and arrangements shall be made for speedily, but not necessarily simultaneously, detaching the lifeboats from the falls. The points of attachment of the lifeboats to the falls shall be so situated as to ensure the lifeboats being easily swung clear of the davits.Regulation 34 – Number of lifebuoys to be provided
(a)At least eight approved lifebuoys of a type which satisfies the requirements of Regulation 16 shall be carried. All the lifebuoy shall be fitted with beckets securely seized.(b)At least half the lifebuoys shall be provided with approved self-igniting lights which cannot be extinguished by water. Self-igniting lights shall be kept near the lifebuoys to which they belong, with the necessary means of attachment. At least one lifebuoy on each side of the ship shall be fitted with a lifeline at least 15 fathoms (or 27.5 metres) in length.(c)In the case of tankers, the self-igniting lights shall be of the electric battery type.Chapter IV
Radiotelegraphy and radiotelephony
Part A – Application and definitions
Regulation 1 – Application
(a)Unless expressly provided otherwise, this Chapter applies to all ships to which the present Convention applies.(b)No provision in this Chapter shall prevent the use by a ship of survival craft in distress of any means at its disposal to attract attention, make known its position and obtain help.Regulation 2 – Definitions
For the purpose of this Chapter, unless expressly provided otherwise—(a)“Radio Regulations” means the General Radio communication Regulations annexed to the International Telecommunication Convention (Madrid, 1932) or any regulations which have been, or which from time to time in the future may be, substituted for such regulations.(b)“Alarm Signal” means the automatic alarm signal prescribed by the Radio Regulations for radiotelegraphy.(c)“Auto Alarm” means an automatic alarm receiver which responds to the alarm signal and has been approved.(d)“Distress frequencies” moans the distress frequencies designated for radiotelegraphy and radiotelephony respectively by the Radio Regulations.(e)“Distress Signal” means a distress signal prescribed by the Radio Regulations.(f)“Qualified Operator” moans a person holding an appropriate certificate complying with the provisions of the Radio Regulations.(a)An existing installation is one already installed on board a ship at the time the present Convention comes into force.(b)A new installation is an installation which replaces an existing installation or one installed on a ship after the date on which the present Convention comes into force.Regulation 3 – Radiotelegraph installation
Passenger ships irrespective of size and cargo ships of 1,600 tons gross tonnage and upwards, unless exempted under Regulation 5, shall be fitted with a radiotelegraph installation complying with the provisions of Regulations 9 and 10.Regulation 4 – Radiotelephone installation
Cargo ships of 500 tons gross tonnage and upwards but less than 1,600 tons gross tonnage, unless fitted with a radiotelegraph installation complying with the provisions of Regulations 9 and 10, shall, provided they are not exempted under Regulation 6, be fitted with a radiotelephone installation complying with the provisions of Regulation 15.Regulation 5 – Exemptions from regulation 3
(a)The Contracting Governments consider it highly desirable not to deviate from the application of Regulation 3, nevertheless each Administration may grant to individual passenger and cargo ships belonging to its country exemptions of a partial and/or conditional nature, or complete exemption from the requirements of Regulation 3.(b)The exemptions permitted under paragraph (a) of this Regulation shall be granted only to a ship engaged on a voyage where the maximum distance of the ship from the shore, the length of the voyage, the absence of general navigational hazards, and other conditions affecting safety are such as to render the full application of Regulation 3 unreasonable or unnecessary.(c)Each Administration shall submit to the Organisation as soon as possible after the first of January in each year a report showing all exemptions granted under sub-paragraphs (a) and (b) of this Regulation during the previous calendar year.Regulation 6 – Exemptions from regulation 4
Each Administration may, if it considers that the route and conditions of the voyage are such as to render a radiotelephone installation un-reasonable or unnecessary, exempt ships belonging to its country from the requirements of Regulation 4.Part B – Watches
Regulation 7 – Watches-radiotelegraph
(a)(i)Each ship which in accordance with Regulation 3 is required to be fitted with a radiotelegraph installation shall, while at sea, carry at least one qualified operator and, if not fitted with an auto alarm, shall, subject to the provisions of paragraph (d) of this Regulation, listen continuously on the radiotelegraph distress frequency in; the medium frequency band by means of a qualified operator using some aural method.(ii)However, in order to permit the installation of auto alarms developed in accordance with the specification in Regulation 11 in existing passenger ships below 3,000 tons gross tonnage and existing cargo ships below 5,500 tons gross tonnage, not fitted with an auto alarm, Administrations may on such ships permit the hours of listening to be limited to those shown in paragraphs (b) and (c)(i) of this Regulation for a period not exceeding two years from the date of coming into force of the present Convention.Passenger ships
(b)Each passenger ship which in accordance with Regulation 3 is required to be fitted with a radiotelegraph installation, if fitted with an auto alarm shall, subject to the provisions of paragraph (d) of this Regulation, and while at sea, listen on the radiotelegraph distress frequency in the medium frequency band by means of a qualified operator using some aural method, as follows:—(i)if carrying or certificated to carry 250 passengers or less, at least 8 hours listening a day in the aggregate;(ii)if carrying or certificated to carry more than 250 passengers and engaged on a voyage exceeding 16 hours duration between two consecutive ports, at least 16 hours listening a day in the aggregate. In this case the ship shall carry at least two qualified operators;(iii)if carrying or certificated to carry more than 250 passengers and engaged on a voyage of less than 16 hours duration between two consecutive ports, at least 8 hours listening a day in the aggregate.Cargo ships
(c)(i)Each cargo ship which in accordance with Regulation 3 is required to be fitted with a radiotelegraph installation, if fitted with an auto alarm shall, subject to the provisions of paragraph (d) of this Regulation and, while at sea, listen on the radiotelegraph distress frequency in the medium frequency band by means of a qualified operator using some aural method as follows:—(a)if of 5,500 tons gross tonnage and upwards, for at least 8 hours a day in the aggregate;(b)if of 1,600 tons gross tonnage and upwards but less than 5,500 tons gross tonnage for at least 8 hours a day in the aggregate. Administrations which on account of their special conditions find it impracticable to impose 8 hours listening shall take steps to ensure the maximum hours of listening possible and not less than 2 hours a day in the aggregate.(ii)Each cargo ship of 500 tons gross tonnage and upwards but less than 1,600 tons gross tonnage and fitted with a radiotelegraph installation as a consequence of Regulation 4, shall carry at least one qualified operator and shall, subject to the provisions of paragraph (d) of this Regulation, and while at sea, listen on the radiotelegraph distress frequency in the medium frequency band, by means of a qualified operator using some aural method, during such periods as may be determined by the Administration.(d)During the period when a qualified operator is required by this Regulation to listen on the distress frequency the operator may discontinue such listening during the time when he is handling traffic on other frequencies, or performing other essential radio duties, but only if it is impracticable to listen by some aural means such as split headphones or loudspeaker. When this aural listening is impracticable, the auto alarm if fitted shall be in operation. The provisions of this paragraph shall not relieve the ship from compliance with the provisions of the Radio Regulations in regard to the “silence periods”.(e)In all ships fitted with an auto alarm this auto alarm shall, while the ship is at sea, be in operation whenever there is no listening being done under paragraph (b), (c) or (d).(f)The listening periods provided for by this Regulation, including those which are determined by the Administration, should be maintained preferably during periods prescribed for radiotelegraph service by the Radio Regulations.Regulation 8 – Watches-radiotelephone
Each ship which is fitted with a radiotelephone installation in accordance with Regulation 4 shall, for safety purposes, carry at least one qualified operator (who may be a member of the crew holding only a certificate for radiotelephony) and shall, while at sea, listen on the radiotelephone distress frequency in the medium frequency band during such periods as may be determined by the Administration.Part C – Technical requirements
Regulation 9 – Radiotelegraph stations
(a)The ship’s radiotelegraph station shall be so located that no harmful interference from extraneous mechanical or other noise will be caused to the proper reception of radio signals. The station shall be placed as high in the ship as is practicable, so that the greatest possible degree of safety may be secured.(b)There shall be provided between the radiotelegraph operating room and the bridge and one other place, if any, from which the ship is navigated, an efficient two-way system for calling and voice communication which shall be independent of the main communication system on the ship.(c)A reliable clock, equipped with a dial not less than 5 inches in diameter and provided with a concentric seconds hand, shall be securely mounted in the radiotelegraph operating room in such a position that the entire dial can be easily and accurately observed by the operator from the telegraph operating position and the auto alarm testing position.(d)A reliable emergency light shall be provided in the radiotelegraph operating room permanently arranged so as to provide satisfactory illumination of the operating controls of the main and emergency radiotelegraph installations and of the clock required by paragraph (c) of this Regulation.(e)If a separate emergency radiotelegraph operating room is provided the requirements of paragraphs (b), (c) and (d) shall apply to it.(f)The ship’s radiotelegraph station shall be provided with such spare parts, tools and testing equipment as will enable the radiotelegraph installation to be maintained in efficient working condition while at sea.Regulation 10 – Radiotelegraph installations
(a)Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Regulation:—(i)The radiotelegraph installation shall comprise a main installation and an emergency (reserve) installation, electrically separate and electrically independent of each other.(ii)A main and an emergency aerial shall be provided and installed, provided that the Administration may except any ship from the provision of an emergency aerial if it is satisfied that the fitting of such an aerial is impracticable or unreasonable, but in such case a spare aerial completely assembled for immediate replacement shall be carried. The main aerial shall be suitably protected against breakage caused by whipping of the mast or masts.(iii)The main installation shall include a main transmitter, main receiver, and main source of energy.(iv)The emergency (reserve) installation shall include an emergency transmitter, emergency receiver, and emergency source of energy.(b)In the case of existing installations on passenger ships the application of the requirement for a separate emergency transmitter and a separate emergency source of energy may, if the main transmitter and main source of energy comply with all the requirements for the emergency transmitter and emergency source of energy as defined in this Regulation, be delayed for a period not exceeding three years from the coming into force of the present Convention.(c)In the case of—(i)existing installations on cargo ships, and(ii)new installations on cargo ships of 500 tons gross tonnage and upwards but less than 1,600 tons gross tonnage, if the main transmitter and main source of energy comply with all the requirements for the emergency transmitter and the emergency source of energy, the latter are not obligatory.(d)The mam and emergency (reserve) installations shall be capable of being quickly connected with either the main aerial or the emergency aerial if installed.(e)All parts of the emergency (reserve) installation shall be placed as high in the ship as is practicable so that the greatest possible degree of safety may be secured.(f)The main and emergency (reserve) transmitter shall be capable of transmitting on the radiotelegraph frequency, and of using a class of emission, assigned by the Radio Regulations for the purpose of distress in the medium frequency band, and shall have a depth of modulation of not less than 70 per cent. In addition, the main transmitter shall be capable of transmitting on the frequencies, and of using a class of emission, assigned by the Radio Regulations for the purpose of safety of navigation in the medium frequency band.(g)In new installations the main and emergency (reserve) transmitters shall have a note frequency of more than 450 and less than 1,350 cycles per second.(h)The main and emergency (reserve) transmitters shall have a minimum normal range as specified below, that is to say, they must be capable of transmitting clearly perceptible signals from ship to ship by day and under normal conditions and circumstances over the specified ranges. (Clearly perceptible signals will normally be received if the R.M.S. value of the field strength at the receiver is at least 50 microvolts per metre.)| | Minimum normal range in miles |
|---|
| Main transmitter | Emergency transmitter |
|---|
| All passenger ships, and cargo ships of 1,600 tons gross tonnage and over | 150 | 100 |
| Cargo ships below 1,600 tons gross tonnage | 100 | 75 |
| *In the absence of a direct measurement of the field strength the following data may be used as a guide for approximately determining the normal range:— |
|---|
| Normal range in miles | Metre-ampdres.t | Total aerial power (watts) |
|---|
| 200 | 128 | 200 |
| 175 | 102 | 125 |
| 150 | 76 | 71 |
| 125 | 58 | 41 |
| 100 | 45 | 25 |
| 75 | 34 | 14 |
tThis figure represents the product of the maximum height of the aerial above the deepest load water line in metres and the aerial current in amperes (R.M.S. value).Regulation 11 – Auto alarm
(a)Any new type of auto-alarm which is approved after the date of coming into force of the present Convention for use in accordance with the present Regulations shall comply with the following minimum requirements:—(i)In the absence of interference of any land it must be capable of being operated, without manual adjustment, by any alarm signal transmitted on the radio telegraph distress frequency in the medium frequency band using the classes of emission assigned by the Radio Regulations for the alarm signal, provided that the frequency does not vary more than 8 kc/s from the nominal frequency and the strength of the signal at the receiver input is greater than 100 microvolts and less than 1 volt.(ii)In the absence of interference of any kind it shall be operated by either three or four consecutive dashes when the dashes vary in length from 3.5 to as near 6 seconds as possible and the spaces vary in length between 1.5 seconds and the lowest practicable value, preferably not greater than 10 milliseconds.(iii)It must not be actuated by atmospherics or by any signal other than the alarm signal, provided that the received signals do not in fact constitute a signal falling within the tolerance limits indicated in (ii).(iv)The selectivity of the auto alarm shall be such as to provide a practically uniform sensitivity within 8 kc/s on each side of the distress frequency and to provide outside this band a sensitivity which decreases as rapidly as possible, in conformity with the best engineering practice.(v)If practicable, the auto alarm in the presence of atmospherics or interfering signals shall automatically adjust itself so that within a reasonably short time it approaches the condition in which it can most readily distinguish the alarm signal.(vi)When operated by an alarm signal, or in the event of failure of the apparatus, the auto alarm shall cause a continuous audible warning to be given in the radiotelegraph operating room, in the radio operator’s cabin, and on the bridge. If practicable, warning shall also be given in the case of failure of any part of the whole alarm receiving system. Only one switch for stopping the warning shall be provided and shall be situated in the radiotelegraph operating room.(vii)For the purpose of regularly testing the auto alarm, the apparatus shall include a generator pre-tuned to the distress frequency and a keying device by means of which an alarm signal of the minimum strength indicated in (i) is produced.(viii)The auto alarm shall be capable of withstanding vibration, humidity, and changes of temperature, equivalent to severe conditions experienced on board ships at sea, and shall continue to operate under such conditions.(b)Before a new type of auto alarm is approved the Administration concerned must be satisfied, by practical tests made under operating conditions equivalent to those obtaining in practice, that the apparatus complies with paragraph (a) of this Regulation.(c)In ships fitted with an auto alarm the radio operator shall test the efficiency of the auto alarm at least once every 24 hours while at sea and report to the master or the officer on watch on the bridge whether or not it is in working order.Regulation 12 – Direction finders
(a)The direction-finding apparatus required by Regulation 12 of Chapter V shall be efficient and capable of receiving signals with the minimum of receiver noise and of taking bearings from which the true bearing and direction may be determined.(b)It shall be capable of receiving signals on the medium frequencies assigned by the Radio Regulations for the purposes of distress and direction-finding and for maritime radio beacons.(c)In the absence of interference the apparatus shall have a sensitivity sufficient to permit of accurate bearings being taken on a signal having a field strength as low as 50 microvolts per metre.(d)Efficient communication shall be provided between the direction finding apparatus and the bridge.(e)All direction finders shall be calibrated to the satisfaction of the Administration on first, installation and the calibration shall be verified whenever any changes are made in the position of any aerials or of any structures on deck which might affect appreciably the accuracy of the direction finder. The calibration particulars shall be checked at yearly intervals, or as near thereto as possible. A record shall be kept of the calibrations and of any checks made of their accuracy.Regulation 13 – Radio equipment for fitting in motor lifeboats
(a)The apparatus required by Regulation 25 of Chapter III shall be capable of transmitting and receiving on the radiotelegraph frequency assigned by the Radio Regulations for the purpose of distress in the medium frequency band. The transmitter shall be capable of using a class of emission assigned by the Radio Regulations for the purpose of distress in the medium frequency band and shall be modulated to a depth of at least 70 per cent. The receiver shall be capable of receiving the classes of emission assigned by the Radio Regulations for the purpose of distress in the medium frequency band. In new installations the apparatus shall also be capable of transmitting on the high frequency and the class of emission prescribed for survival craft by the Radio Regulations. An Administration may delay the application of the requirement for high frequency for a period not exceeding one year from the date of coming into force of the present Convention.(b)The apparatus shall be so designed that it can be used in an emergency by an unskilled person. The transmitter shall be fitted with an automatic keying device for the transmission of the alarm signal and the distress signal, as well as a key for manual transmissions. An Administration may delay the application of the requirement for an automatic keying device for a period not exceeding one year from the date of coming into force of the present Convention.(c)A fixed-type aerial shall be provided together with means for supporting it at the maximum practicable height. In addition an aerial supported by a kite or balloon shall be provided if practicable.(d)On the distress frequency the transmitter shall have a minimum normal range [as defined in paragraph (A) of Regulation 10] of 25 miles using the fixed aerial.(e)In new installations the note frequency shall be between 450 and 1,350 cycles per second.(f)The radio apparatus shall be operated from an accumulator battery with sufficient capacity to supply the transmitter for four hours continuously under normal working conditions. If the battery is of a type that requires charging, means shall be available for charging the battery from the ship’s power supply. In addition there shall be means for charging the battery after the lifeboat has been launched.(g)When the power for the radio apparatus and the searchlight are drawn from the same battery, the battery shall have sufficient capacity to provide for the additional load of the searchlight.(h)At sea a qualified operator shall at weekly intervals bring the battery up to full charge if the battery is of a type which requires charging, and in any ease shall test the transmitter using a suitable artificial aerial.Regulation 14 – Lifeboat portable radio apparatus
(a)The apparatus required by Regulation 13 of Chapter III shall be capable of transmitting and receiving on the radiotelegraph frequency assigned by the Radio Regulations for the purpose of distress in the medium frequency band. The transmitter shall be capable of using a class of emission assigned by the Radio Regulations for the purpose of distress in the medium frequency band and shall be modulated to a, depth of at least 70 per cent. The receiver shall be capable of receiving the classes of emission assigned by the Radio Regulations for the purpose of distress in the medium frequency band. In new equipment the apparatus shall also be capable of transmitting on the high frequency and the class of emission prescribed for survival craft by the Radio Regulations. An Administration may delay the application of the requirement for high frequency in the case of new equipment for a period not exceeding one year from the date of coming into force of the present Convention.(b)The apparatus shall be so designed that it may be used in an emergency by an unskilled person. The transmitter shall be fitted with an automatic keying device for the transmission of the alarm signal and the distress signal, as well as a key for manual transmissions. An Administration may delay the application of the requirement for an automatic keying device in the case of new equipment for a period not exceeding one year from the date of coming into force of the present Convention, and in the case of existing equipment for a period not exceeding three years from the date of coming into force of the present Convention.(c)In new equipment, the note frequency shall be between 450 and 1,350 cycles per second.(d)The apparatus shall be readily portable, watertight and capable of floating in sea water and also capable of being dropped into the sea without damage.(e)The transmitter shall have at least 10 watts input to the anode of the final stage, and shall preferably derive its power from a hand generator. If operated from batteries these shall comply with conditions laid down by the Administration to ensure that the batteries are of a durable type and are of sufficient capacity.(f)An aerial shall be included, either self-supporting or capable of being supported by the mast of the lifeboat at the maximum practicable height.(g)At sea a qualified operator shall at weekly intervals bring the battery up to full charge if the battery is of a type which requires charging and in any case shall test the transmitter, using a suitable artificial aerial.(h)For the purpose of this Regulation, new equipment means equipment supplied to a ship after the present Convention comes into force.Regulation 15 – Radiotelephone installations
(a)The ship’s radiotelephone station shall be in the upper part of the ship, and, unless situated on the bridge, there shall be efficient communication with the bridge.(b)The installation shall be capable of transmitting and receiving radiotelephony on the radiotelephone distress frequency and on at least one other frequency available for maritime radiotelephone stations in the medium frequency band under the Radio Regulations. In normal operation the depth of modulation shall be at least 70 per cent, at peak intensity.(c)The transmitter shall have a minimum normal range of 150 miles, i.e., it shall be capable of transmitting clearly perceptible signals from ship to ship by day and under normal conditions and circumstances over this range. (Clearly perceptible signals will normally be received if the R.M.S. value of the field strength produced at the receiver by the unmodulated carrier is at least 25 microvolts per metre.)**In the absence of field strength measurements it may be assumed that this range will be obtained by a power in the aerial of 15 watts (unmodulated carrier) with an aerial efficiency of 27 per cent.(d)The receiver shall have sufficient sensitivity to receive an incoming signal as low as 50 microvolts by means of a loudspeaker.(e)While the ship is at sea, there shall be available at all times a source of energy sufficient to operate the installation over the normal range required by paragraph (c) of this Regulation. If batteries are provided they shall have sufficient capacity to operate the transmitter and receiver for at least six hours continuously under normal working conditions. In new installations an emergency source of energy shall be provided in the upper part of the ship unless the main source of energy is so situated.(f)While at sea the batteries (if provided) shall be kept charged so as to meet the requirement of paragraph (e) of this Regulation.Part D – Radio log
Regulation 16 – Radio log
The radio log (diary of the radio service) required by the Radio Regulations shall be kept in the radio operating room during the voyage. It shall be available for inspection by the officers authorised by the Administration to make such inspections. Every radio operator shall enter in the radio log his name, the times at which he goes on and off watch, and all incidents occurring during his watch connected with the radio service which may appear to be of importance to safety of life at sea. In addition to the entries required by the Radio Regulations there shall be entered in the radio log:—Radiotelegraph log
(i)details of the maintenance, including a record of the charging, of the batteries in such form as may he prescribed by the Administration;(ii)a daily statement that the requirement of paragraph (p) of Regulation 10 has been fulfilled;(iii)details of tests of the emergency transmitter and emergency power supply made under paragraph (t) of Regulation 10;(iv)in ships fitted with an auto alarm details of tests are under paragraph (c) of Regulation 11;(v)details of the maintenance, including a record of the charging, of the batteries (if applicable), and tests of the transmitters fitted in motor lifeboats, under paragraph (h) of Regulation 13;(vi)details of the maintenance, including a record of the charging, of the batteries (if applicable), and tests of lifeboat portable transmitters under paragraph (g) of Regulation 14;Radiotelephone log
(vii)in ships fitted with a radiotelephone installation details of the maintenance, including a record of the charging, of the batteries (if provided), under paragraph (f) of Regulation 15;(viii)details of the maintenance, including a record of the charging, of the batteries (if applicable), and tests of lifeboat portable transmitters under paragraph (p) of Regulation 14.Chapter V
Safety or navigation
Regulation 1 – Application
Notwithstanding the provisions of Regulation 3 of Chapter I, this Chapter, unless otherwise expressly provided in this Chapter, refers to all ships on all voyages, except ships of war.Regulation 2 – Danger aleesagee
(a)The master of every ship which meets with dangerous ice, a dangerous derelict, or any other direct danger to navigation, or a tropical storm, is bound to communicate the information by all the means at his disposal to ships in the vicinity, and also to the competent authorities at the first point on the coast with which he can communicate. The form in which the information is sent is not obligatory. It may be transmitted either in plain language (preferably English) or by means of the International Code of Signals (Radio Section). It should be broadcast to all ships in the vicinity and sent to the first point on the coast to which communication can be made, with a request that it be transmitted to the appropriate authorities.(b)Each Administration will take all steps which it thinks necessary to ensure that when intelligence of any of the dangers specified in paragraph (a) is received, it will be promptly brought to the knowledge of those concerned and communicated to other Administrations interested.(c)The transmission of messages respecting the dangers specified is free of cost to the ships concerned.(d)All messages issued under this Regulation shall be preceded by the Safety Signal, using the procedure as prescribed by the Radio Regulations.Regulation 3 – Information required in danger messages
The following information is desired in danger messages, the time in all cases being Greenwich Mean Time:—(a)Ice, Derelicts and other Direct Dangers to Navigation.(i)The kind of ice, derelict or danger observed;(ii)the position of the ice, derelict or danger when last observed;(iii)the time and date when the observation was made.(b)Tropical Storms—(Hurricanes in the West Indies, Typhoons in the China Sea, Cyclones in Indian waters, and Storms of a similar nature in other regions).(i)A statement that a tropical storm has been encountered. This obligation should be interpreted in a broad spirit, and information transmitted whenever the master has good reason to believe that a tropical storm exists in his neighbourhood.(ii)Meteorological Information. Each shipmaster should add to his warning message as much of the following meteorological information as he finds practicable:—the Greenwich Mean Time, date and position of the ship when the observations were taken;barometric pressure (stating millibars, inches, or millimetres, and whether corrected or uncorrected);barometric tendency (the change in barometric pressure during the past three hours);true wind direction;wind force (Beaufort scale);state of the sea (smooth, moderate, rough, high);swell (slight, moderate, heavy) and the true direction from which it comes. Period or length of swell (short, average, long) would also be of value;true course and speed of ship.(c)Subsequent Observations. When a master has reported a tropical or other dangerous storm, it is desirable, but not obligatory, that other observations be made and transmitted hourly, if practicable, but in any case at intervals of not more than three hours, so long as the ship remains under the influence of the storm.Examples.Ice.TTT Ice.—Large berg sighted in 4605 N., 4410 W. at 0800 GMT. May 15.Derelicts.TTT Derelict.—Observed derelict almost submerged in 4006 N., 1243 W., at 1630 GMT. April 21.Danger to Navigation.TTT Navigation.—Alpha lightship not on station. 1800 GMT. January 3.Tropical Storm.TTT Storm.—0030 GMT. August IS. 2204 N., 11354 E. Barometer corrected 994 millibars, tendency down 6 millibars. Wind NW., force 9, heavy squalls. Heavy easterly swell. Course 067, 5 knots.TTT Storm.—Appearances indicate approach of hurricane. 1300 GMT. September 14. 2200 N., 7236 W. Barometer corrected 29'64 inches, tendency down -015 inches. Wind NE., force 8, frequent rain squalls. Course 035, 9 knots.TTT Storm.—Conditions indicate intense cyclone has formed. 0200 GMT. May 4. 1620 N., 9203 E. Barometer uncorrected 753 millimetres, tendency down 5 millimeters. Wind S. by W., force 5. Course 300, 8 knots.TTT Storm.—Typhoon to southeast, 0300 GMT. June 12. 1812 N., 12605 E. Barometer falling rapidly. Wind increasing from N.Regulation 4 – Meteorological services
(a)The Contracting Governments undertake to encourage the collection of meteorological data by ships at sea and to arrange for their examination, dissemination and exchange in the manner most suitable for the purpose of aiding navigation. Administrations shall encourage the use of instruments of a high degree of accuracy, and shall facilitate the checking of such instruments upon request.(b)In particular, the Contracting Governments undertake to cooperate in carrying out, as far as practicable, the following meteorological arrangements:—(i)To warn ships of gale, storms and tropical storms, both by the issue of radio messages and by the display of appropriate signals at coastal points.(ii)To issue daily, by radio, weather bulletins suitable for shipping, containing data of existing weather and ice conditions, forecasts, and when practicable, sufficient additional information to enable simple weather charts to be prepared at sea.(iii)To prepare and issue such publications as may be necessary for the efficient conduct of meteorological work at sea.(iv)To arrange for selected ship B to be equipped with tested instruments (such as a barometer, a barograph, a psychrometer, and suitable apparatus for measuring sea temperature) for use in this service, and to take meteorological observations at standard synoptic hours (at least four times daily, whenever circumstances permit) and to encourage other ships to take observations in a modified form, particularly when in areas where shipping is sparse; these slops to transmit their observations by radio for the benefit of the various official meteorological services, repeating the information for the benefit of ships in the vicinity. When in the vicinity of a tropical storm, or of a suspected tropical storm, ships should be encouraged to take and transmit their observations at more frequent intervals whenever practicable, bearing in mind navigational preoccupations of ships’ officers during storm conditions.(v)To arrange for the reception and transmission by coast radio stations of weather messages from and to ships. Ships which are unable to communicate direct with shore shall be encouraged to relay their weather messages through ocean weather ships or through other ships which are in contact with shore.(vi)To encourage all masters to inform ships in the vicinity and also shore stations whenever they experience a wind speed of 50 knots or more (force 10 on the Beaufort scale).(vii)To endeavour to obtain a uniform procedure in regard to the international meteorological services already specified, and, as far as is practicable, to conform to the recommendations made by the International Meteorological Organisation, to which the Contracting Governments may refer for study and advice any meteorological question which may arise in carrying out the present Convention.(c)The information provided for in this Regulation shall be furnished in form for transmission and transmitted in the order of priority prescribed by the Radio Regulations, and during trans mission “to all stations” of meteorological information, forecasts and warnings, all ship stations must conform to the provisions of the Radio Regulations.(c)Forecasts, warnings, synoptic and other meteorological reports intended for ships shall be issued and disseminated by the national service in the best position to serve various zones and areas, in accordance with mutual arrangements made by the Contracting Governments concerned.Regulation 5 – Ice patrol service
(a)The Contracting Governments undertake to continue an ice patrol and a service for study and observation of ice conditions in the North Atlantic. During the whole of the ice season the south-eastern, southern and south-western-limits of the region of icebergs in the vicinity of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland shall be guarded for the purpose of informing passing ships of the extent of this dangerous region; for the study of ice conditions in general; and for the purpose of affording assistance to ships and crews requiring aid within its limits of operation of the patrol ships. During the rest of the year the study and observation of ice conditions shall be maintained as advisable.(b)Ships and aircraft used for the ice patrol service and the study and observation of ice conditions may be assigned other duties by the managing Government, provided that such other duties do not interfere with their primary purpose or increase the cost of this service.Regulation 6 – Ice patrol
Management and cost
(a)The Government of the United States of America agrees to continue the management of the ice patrol service and the study and observation of ice conditions, including the dissemination of information received therefrom. The Contracting Governments specially interested in these services undertake to contribute to the expense of maintaining and operating these services; each contribution to be based, as far as practicable, upon the total gross tonnage of the vessels of each contributing Government passing through the regions of icebergs guarded by the Ice Patrol. The Maritime Safety Committee is invited to undertake studies of these tonnages for the purpose of advising the contributing Governments. The Contracting Governments specially interested undertake to contribute to the expense of maintaining and operating these services in the proportions of their respective contributions as agreed to under the terms of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1929, until such contributions are modified as provided for in this Regulation.(b)Each of the contributing Governments has the right to alter or discontinue its contribution, and other Contracting Governments may undertake to contribute to the expense. The contributing Government which avails itself of this right will continue responsible for its current contribution up to the 1st September following the date of giving notice of intention to alter or discontinue its contribution. To take advantage of the said right it must give notice to the managing Government at least six months before the said 1st September.(c)If, at any time, the United States Government should desire to discontinue these services, or if one of the contributing Governments should express a wish to relinquish responsibility for its pecuniary contribution, or to have its contribution altered, or another Contracting Government should desire to undertake to contribute to the expense, the contributing Governments shall settle the question in accordance with their mutual interests.(d)The contributing Governments shall have the right by common consent to make from time to time such alterations in the provisions of this Regulation and of Regulation 5 as appear desirable.(e)Where this Regulation provides that a measure may be taken after agreement among the contributing Governments, proposals made by any Contracting Government for effecting such a measure shall be communicated to the managing Government which shall approach the other contributing Governments with a view to ascertaining whether they accept such proposals, and the results of the enquiries thus made shall be sent to the other contributing Governments and the Contracting Government making the proposals. Particular, the scale of contributions to the cost of the services to be made by the Contracting Governments specially interested shall be reviewed by those Governments in consultation at intervals not exceeding three years. The managing Government shall initiate the action necessary to this end.Regulation 7 – Speed near ice
When ice is reported on or near his course the master of every ship at night is bound to proceed at a moderate speed or to alter his course so as to go well clear of the danger zone.Regulation 8 – North Atlantic routes
(a)The practice of following recognised routes across the North Atlantic in both directions has contributed to safety of life at sea and should be recommended to all ships.(b)The selection of the routes and the initiation of action with regard to thorn is left to the responsibility of the shipping companies concerned.The Contracting Governments will assist the companies, when requested to do so, by placing at their disposal any information bearing on the routes which may be in the possession of the Governments.(c)The Contracting Governments undertake to impose on the companies the obligation to give public notice of the regular routes which they propose their ships should follow, and of any changes made in these routes; they will also use their influence to induce the owners of all ships crossing the Atlantic to follow, so far as circumstances will permit, the recognised routes, and to induce the owners of all ships crossing the Atlantic bound to or from ports of the United States or Canada via the vicinity of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland to avoid, as far as practicable, the fishing banks of Newfoundland north of latitude 43° N. during the fishing season, and to pass outside regions known or believed to be endangered by ice.(d)The Government managing the ice patrol service is requested to report to the Administration concerned any ship which is observed not to be on any regular, recognised or advertised route, or which crosses the abovementioned fishing banks during the fishing season, or which, when proceeding to or from parts of the United States or Canada, passes through regions known or believed to be endangered by ice.Regulation 9 – Misuse of distress signals
The use of an international distress signal, except for the purpose of indicating that a sliip or aircraft is in distress, and the use of any signal which may be confused with an international distress signal, are prohibited on every ship or aircraft.Regulation 10 – Distress messages-procedure
(a)The master of a ship at sea, on receiving a signal from any source that a ship or aircraft or survival craft thereof is in distress, is bound to proceed with all speed to the assistance of the persons in distress informing them if possible that he is doing so. If he is unable or, in the special circumstances of the case, considers it unreasonable or unnecessary to proceed to their assistance, he must enter in the logbook the reason for failing to proceed to the assistance of the persons in distress.(b)The master of a ship in distress, after consultation, so far as may be possible, with the masters of the ships which answer his call for assistance, has the right to requisition such one or more of those ships as ho considers best able to render assistance, and it shall be the duty of the master or masters of the ship or ships requisitioned to comply with the requisition by continuing to proceed with all speed to the assistance of persons in distress.(c)The master of a ship shall be released from the obligation imposed by paragraph (a) of this Regulation when he learns that one or more ships other than his own have been requisitioned and are complying with the requisition.(d)The master of a ship shall be released from the obligation imposed by paragraph (a) of this Regulation, and, if his ship has been requisitioned, from the obligation imposed by paragraph (b) of this Regulation, if he is informed by the persons in distress or by the master of another ship which has reached such persons that assistance is no longer necessary.(e)The provisions of this Regulation do not prejudice the International Convention for the unification of certain rules with regard to Assistance and Salvage at Sea, signed at Brussels on the 23rd September, 1910, particularly the obligation to render assistance imposed by Article 11 of that Convention.Regulation 11 – Signaling lamps
All ships of over 150 tons gross tonnage, when engaged on international voyages, shall have on board an efficient daylight signaling lamp.Regulation 12 – Direction-finding apparatus
(a)All ships of 1,600 tons gross tonnage and upwards, when engaged on international voyages, shall be fitted with direction-finding apparatus complying with the provisions of Regulation 12 of Chapter IV, but the provision of such apparatus on ships between 1,600 and 5,000 tons gross tonnage may be deferred for a period of 2 years from the date on which the present Convention comes into force if in the opinion of the Administration this is necessary.(b)An Administration may, in areas where it considers it unreasonable or unnecessary for such apparatus to be carried, exempt any ships under 5,000 tons gross tonnage from this requirement, due regard being had to the fact that direction-finding apparatus is of value both as a navigational instrument and as an aid to locating ships, aircraft or survival craft.Regulation 13 – Manning
The Contracting Governments undertake, each for its national ships, to maintain, or, if it is necessary, to adopt, measures for the purpose of ensuring that, from the point of view of safety of life at sea, all ships shall be sufficiently and efficiently manned.Regulation 14 – Aids to navigation
The Contracting Governments undertake to arrange for the establishment and maintenance of such aids to navigation, including radio beacons and electronic aids as, in their opinion, the volume of traffic justifies and the degree of risk requires, and to arrange for information relating to these aids to be made available to all concerned.Regulation 15 – Search and rescue
(a)Each Contracting Government undertakes to ensure that any necessary arrangements are made for coast watching and for the rescue of persons in distress at sea round its coasts. These arrangement should include the establishment, operation and maintenance of such maritime safety facilities as are deemed practicable and necessary having regard to the density of the seagoing traffic and the navigational dangers and should, so far as possible, afford adequate means of locating and rescuing such persons.(b)Each Contracting Government undertakes to make available information concerning its existing rescue facilities and the plane for changes therein, if any.Regulation 16 – Life-saving signals
The following signals shall be used by life-saving stations when communicating with ships in distress and by ships in distress when communicating with life-saving stations:—(a)Replies from shore station to distress signals made by a ship:—| Signal | Signification |
|---|
| By day—White smoke signal.By night—White star rocket. | “You are seen—assistance will be given as soon as possible." |
| Signal | Signification |
|---|
| By day—Vertical motion of a white flag or the arms.By night—Vertical motion of a white light or flare. A range (indication of direction) may be given by placing a steady white light or flare lower and in line with the observer. | “This is the best place to land.” |
| By day—Horizontal motion of a white flag or arms extended horizontally.By night—Horizontal motion of a white light or flare. | “Landing here highly dangerous.” |
| By day—Horizontal motion of a white flag, followed by the placing of the white flag in the ground and the carrying of another white flag in the direction to be indicated.By night—Horizontal motion of a white light or flare, followed by the placing of the white fight or flare on the ground and the carrying of another white light or flare in the direction to be indicated. | “Landing here highly dangerous. A more favour able location to land is in the direction indicated.” |
| Signal | Signification |
|---|
| | In general—“Affirmative."Specifically: - |
| By day—Vertical motion of a white flag or the arms. | “Rocket line is held.” |
| By night—Vertical motion of a white light or flare. | “Tail block is made fast.”“Hawser is made fast.”“Man is in the breeches buoy.” |
| | “Haul away.” |
| By day—Horizontal motion of a white" flag or arms extended horizontally.By night,—Horizontal motion of white fight or flare. | In general—“Negative.”Specifically:- “Slack away.”“Avast hauling.” |
Regulation 17 – Pilot ladders
All ships engaged on voyages in which pilots are likely to be embarked should comply with the following requirements respecting pilot ladders:—(a)The ladder should be kept in good order and used as far as possible only for embarking and disembarking pilots and other officials while a ship is arriving at or leaving a port.(b)The ladder should be of adequate length and strength.(c)The treads should be of adequate width.(d)Two man-ropes, properly secured, should, where circumstances so require, be used in conjunction with the ladders.(e)Arrangements should be such that the pilot can safely pass from the head of the ladder to the ship's deck.(f)Spreaders at suitable intervals should be provided, if necessary, to prevent the ladder twisting.(g)At night, a light shining overside should be available and used.Chapter VI
Carriage of grain and dangerous goods
Regulation 1 – Application
Unless expressly provided otherwise, this Chapter applies to ships to which the present Regulations apply.Regulation 2 – Carriage of grain
(a)The term “grain” includes wheat, maize (corn), oats, rye, barley, rice, pulses and seeds.(b)Where grain is loaded in a ship, all necessary and reasonable precautions shall be taken to prevent the grain from shifting.(c)Any compartment which is entirely filled with loose grain in bulk shall be—(i)fed by properly constructed feeders which shall contain not less than 2 per cent, nor more than 8 per cent, of the capacity of the compartment served, and(ii)divided by a longitudinal bulkhead or shifting boards, which shall be properly secured and fitted grain tight with proper fillers (fillings) between the beams. In holds such shifting boards shall extend downwards from the underside of the deck to a distance of at least one-third of the depth of the hold or 8 feet, whichever is the greater. In ’tween deck compartments they shall extend from deck to deck. In all cases they shall extend to the top of the feeders of the hold or compartment in which they are situated.(d)In any compartment which is partially filled with loose grain in bulk, the grain snail be levelled and topped off with bagged grain or other suitable cargo extending to a height of not less than 4 feet above the top of the lose grain in bulk and supported on suitable platforms laid over the whole surface of the loose grain in bulk. In addition, the compartment shall be divided by a longitudinal bulkhead or shifting boards in line with the keel which shall extend from the bottom of the hold or deck as the case may be to a height sufficient to prevent the shifting of the loose grain in bulk. The fitting of a longitudinal bulkhead or shifting boards shall not be required if the grain in bulk does not exceed one-third the capacity of the compartment or, in the case of a compartment divided by a shaft tunnel, one-half the capacity of that compartment.(e)Loose grain in bulk other than oats, light barley, and cotton seed shall not be carried in the ’tween decks of a two-deck ship, or in the uppermost ’tween decks of ships having more than two decks, except in properly constructed feeders as necessary for feeding the lower compartments. Lose grain in built may be carried in positions not otherwise permitted under this Regulation provided that:—(i)it is carried in one or more bins, which shall be properly constructed and provided with feeders in accordance with the provisions of paragraph (c)(i);(ii)the hold or compartment below the bin or bins is properly battened down, clear of the feeder to such hold or compartment;(iii)the quantity of grain so carried does not exceed the capacity fixed by the Administration.(f)Each Administration may, if it considers that the sheltered nature and conditions of the voyage are such as to render the application of any of the requirements of paragraphs (c) and (d) of this Regulation unreasonable or unnecessary, exempt from those particular requirements individual ships or classes of ships.Regulation 3 – Carriage of dangerous goods
(a)The term “dangerous goods” includes:—(ii)compressed, liquefied and dissolved gases;(v)substances giving off inflammable vapors;(vi)substances which become dangerous by interaction with water or air;(vii)strong oxidising agents;(viii)substances which are liable to spontaneous combustion;(ix)any other substance which experience has shown, or may show, to be of such a dangerous character that the provisions of this Regulation should apply to it.(b)The carriage of dangerous goods is prohibited except in accordance with the provisions of this Regulation.(c)Explosives other than the following may not be carried on passenger ships:—(i)safety cartridges and safety fuses;(ii)small quantities of explosives not exceeding 20 lbs. in the aggregate;(iii)explosives up to a total of 10 cwt. in approved packages on the deck of a passenger ship on a short voyage.(d)Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (o), explosives may be carried on passenger ships on which there are special approved safety measures.(e)On ships carrying inflammable liquids adequate precautions shall be taken against fire or explosion.(f)Substances which are liable to spontaneous combustion (including fodder and other vegetable products especially if damp) shall not be carried unless adequate precautions have been taken to prevent outbreak of fire.(g)Dangerous goods tendered to a ship for transportation shall be accompanied by a written statement by the shipper correctly describing the shipment according to the classification used in paragraph (a) of this Regulation.(h)Except for parcels of mixed chemicals in limited quantities, shipments of dangerous goods shall be marked with a distinctive label or stencil which shall indicate their dangerous character. Each package of the shipment shall be so marked except in the case of a large shipment which can be stowed and identified as a unit.(i)Each ship carrying dangerous goods shall carry a special list sorting forth, in accordance with paragraph (a) of this Regulation, the dangerous goods on board.(j)Each Contracting Government shall issue, or cause to be issued, detailed rules to supplement the provisions of this Regulation. Such detailed rules shall provide for the packing and stowage of dangerous goods when carried with other commodities, and for the stowage of various categories of dangerous goods.(k)The provisions of this Regulation do not apply to ship’s stores and equipmentAppendix
Form of safety certificate for passanger ships
Third Schedule
International regulations for preventing collisions at sea, 1948
Part A — Preliminary and definitions
1.
(a)These Rules shall be followed by all vessels and seaplanes upon the high seas and in all waters connected therewith navigable by seagoing vessels, except as provided in Rule 30. Where, as a result of their special construction, it is not possible for seaplanes to comply fully with the provisions of Rules specifying the carrying of lights and shapes, these provisions shall be followed as closely as circumstances permit.(b)The Rules concerning lights shall be complied with in all weathers from sunset to sunrise, and during such times no other lights shall be exhibited, except such lights as cannot be mistaken for the prescribed lights or impair their visibility or distinctive character, or interfere with the keeping of a proper look-out.(c)In the following Rules, except where the context otherwise requires:—(i)the word “vessel” includes every description of water craft, other than a seaplane on the water, used or capable of being used as a means of transportation on water;(ii)the word “seaplane” includes a flying boat and any other aircraft designed to manoevre on the water;(iii)the term “power-driven vessel” means any vessel propelled by machinery;(iv)every power-driven vessel which is under sail and not under power is to be considered a sailing vessel, and every vessel under power, whether under sail or not, is to be considered a power-driven vessel;(v)a vessel or seaplane on the water is “under way” when she is not at anchor, or made fast to the shore, or aground;(vi)the term “height above the hull” means height above the uppermost continuous deck;(vii)the length and breadth of a vessel shall be deemed to be the length and breadth appearing in her certificate of registry;(viii)the length and span of a seaplane shall be its maximum length and span as shown in its certificate of airworthiness, or as determined by measurement in the absence of such certificate;(ix)the word “visible”, when applied to lights, means visible on a dark night with a clear atmosphere;(x)the term “short blast” means a blast of about one second’s duration;(xi)the term “prolonged blast” means a blast of from four to six seconds’ duration;(xii)the word “whistle” means whistle or siren;(xiii)the word “tons” means gross tons.Part B – Lights and shapes
2.
(a)A power-driven vessel when under way shall carry:—(i)On or in front of the foremast, or if a vessel without a foremast then in the forepart of the vessel, a bright white light so constructed as to show an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 20 points of the compass (225 degrees), so fixed as to show the light 10 points (112½ degrees) on each side of the vessel, that is, from right ahead to 2 points (22½ degrees) abaft the beam on either side, and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least 5 miles.(ii)Either forward of or abaft the white light mentioned in sub-section (i) a second white light similar in construction and character to that light. Vessels of less than 150 feet in length, and vessels engaged in towing, shall not be required to carry this second white light but may do so.(iii)These two white lights shall be so placed in a line with and over the keel that one shall be at least 15 feet higher than the other and in such a position that the lower light shall be forward of the upper one. The horizontal distance between the two white lights shall be at least three times the vertical distance. The lower of these two white lights or, if only ono is carried, then that light, shall be placed at a height above the hull of not less than 20 feet, and, if the breadth of the vessel exceeds 20 feet, then at a height above the hull not less than such breadth, so however that the light need not be placed at a greater height above the hull than 40 feet. In all circumstances the light or lights, as the ease may be, shall be so placed as to be clear of and above all other lights and obstructing superstructures.(iv)On the starboard side a green light so constructed as to show an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 10 points of the compass (112½ degrees), so fixed as to show the light from right, ahead to 2 points (22½ degrees) abaft the beam on the starboard side, and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least 2 miles.(v)On the port side a red light so constructed as to show an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 10 points of the compass (112½ degrees), so fixed as to show the light from right ahead to 2 points (22½ degrees) abaft the beam on the port side, and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least 2 miles.(vi)The said green and red sidelights shall be fitted with inboard screens projecting at least 3 feet forward from the light, so as to prevent these lights from being seen across the bows.(vii)A seaplane under way on the water shall carry:—(i)In the forepart amidships where it can best be seen a bright white light, so constructed as to show an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 220 degrees of the compass, so fixed as to show the light 110 degrees on each side of the seaplane, namely, from right ahead to 20 degrees abaft the beam on either side, and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least 3 miles.(ii)On the right or starboard wing tip a green light, so constructed as to show an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 110 degrees of the compass, so fixed as to allow the light from right ahead to 20 degrees abaft the beam on the starboard side, and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least 2 miles.(iii)On the left or port wing tip a red light, so constructed as to show an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 110 degrees of the compass, so fixed as to show the light from right ahead to 20 degrees abaft the beam on the port side, and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least 2 miles.3.
(a)A power-driven vessel when towing or pushing another vessel or seaplane shall, in addition to her sidelights, carry two bright white lights in a vertical line one over the other, not less than 6 feet apart, and when towing more than one vessel shall carry an additional bright white light 6 feet above or below such lights, if the length of the tow, measuring from the stem of the towing vessel to the stern of the last vessel or seaplane towed, exceeds 600 feet. Each of these lights shall be of the same construction and character and one of them shall be carried in the same position as the white light mentioned in Rule 2(a)(i), except the additional light, which shall be carried at a height of not less than 14 feet above the hull In a vessel with a single mast, such lights may be carried on the mast.(b)The towing vessel shall also show either the stern light specified in Rule 10 or in lieu of that light a small white light abaft the funnel or aftermost for the tow to steer by, but such light shall not be visible forward of the beam. The carriage of the white light specified in Rule 2(a)(ii) is optional.(c)A seaplane on the water, when towing one or more seaplanes or vessels, shall carry the lights prescribed in Rule 2(b)(i), (ii) and (iii); and, in addition, she shall carry a second white light of the same construction and character as the white light mentioned in Rule 2(b)(i), and in a vertical line at least 6 feet above or below such light.4.
(a)A vessel which is not under command shall carry, where they can best be seen, and, if a power-driven vessel, in lieu of the lights required by Rule 2(a)(i) and (ii), two red lights in a vertical line one over the other not less than 6 feet apart, and of such a character as to be visible all round the horizon at a distance of at least 2 miles. By day, she shall carry in a vertical line one over the other not less than 6 feet apart, where they can best be seen, two black balls or shapes each not less than 2 feet in diameter.(b)A seaplane on the water which is not under command may carry, where they can best be seen, two red lights in a vertical line, one over the other, not less than 3 feet apart, and of such a character as to be visible all round the horizon at a distance of at least 2 miles, and may by day carry in a vertical line one over the other not less than 3 feet apart, whore they can best be seen, two black balls or shapes, each not less than 2 feet in diameter.(c)A vessel engaged in laying or in picking up a submarine cable or navigation mark, or a vessel engaged in surveying or underwater operations, when from the nature of her work she is unable to get out of the way of approaching vessels, shall carry, in lieu of the lights specified in Rule 2(a)(i) and (ii), three lights in a vertical line one over the other not less than 6 feet apart. The highest and lowest of these lights shall be red, and the middle light shall be white, and they shall be of such a character as to be visible all round the horizon at a distance of at least 2 miles. By day, she shall carry in a vertical line one over the other not less than 6 feet apart, where they can best, be seen, three shapes each not less than 2 feet in diameter, of which the highest and lowest shall be globular in shape and red in colour, and the middle one diamond in shape and white.(d)The vessels and seaplanes referred to in this Rule, when not making way through the water, shall not carry the coloured sidelights, but when making way they shall carry them.(e)The lights and shapes required to be shown by this Rule are to be taken by other vessels and seaplanes as signals that the vessel or seaplane showing them is not under command and cannot therefore get out of the way.(f)These signals are not signals of vessels in distress and requiring assistance. Such signals are contained in Rule 31.5.
(a)A sailing vessel under way and any vessel or seaplane being towed shall carry the same lights as are prescribed by Rule 2 for a power-driven vessel or a seaplane under way, respectively, with the exception of the white lights specified therein, which they shall never carry. They shall also carry stem lights as specified in Rule 10, provided that vessels towed, except the last vessel of a tow, may carry, in lieu of such stem light, a small white light as specified in Rule 3(b).(b)A vessel being pushed ahead shall carry, at the forward end, on the starboard side a green light and on the port side a red light, which shall have the same characteristics as the lights described in Rule 2(a) (iv) and (v) and shall be screened as provided in Rule 2(a)(vi), provided that any number of vessels pushed ahead in a group shall be lighted as one vessel.6.
(a)In small vessels, when it is not possible on account of bad weather or other sufficient cause to fix the green and red sidelights, these lights shall be kept at hand lighted and ready for immediate use, and shall, on the approach of or to other vessels, be exhibited on their respective sides in sufficient time to prevent collision, in such manner as to make them most visible, and so that the green light shall not be seen on the port side nor the red light on the starboard side, nor, if practicable, more than 2 points (22½ degrees) abaft the beam on their respective sides.(b)To make the use of these portable lights more certain and easy, the interns containing them shall each be painted outside with the colour of the lights they respectively contain, and shall be provided with proper screens.7.
Power-driven vessels of less than 40 tons, vessels under oars or sails of less than 20 tons, and rowing boats, when under way shall not be required to carry the lights mentioned in Rule 2, but if they do not carry them they shall be provided with the following lights:—(a)Power-driven vessels of less than 40 tons, except as provided in section (6), shall carry:—(i)In the forepart of the vessel, where it can best be seen, and at a height above the gunwale of not less than 9 feet, a bright white light constructed and fixed as prescribed in Rule 2(a)(i) and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least 3 miles.(ii)Green land rod sidelights constructed and fixed as prescribed in Rule 2(a)(iv) and (v), and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least 1 mile, or a combined lantern showing a green lightand a red light from right ahead to 2 points (22½ degrees) abaft the beam on their respective sides. Such lantern shall be carried not less than 3 feet below the white light.(b)Small power-driven boats, such as are carried by seagoing vessels, may carry the white light at a loss height than 9 feet above the gunwale, but it shall be carried above the sidelights or the combined lantern mentioned in sub-section (a)(ii).(c)Vessels of less than 20 tons, under oars or sails, except as provided in section (d), shall, if they do not carry the sidelights, carry where it can best be seen a lantern showing a green light on one side and a red light on the other, of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least 1 mile, and so fixed that the green light shall not be seen on the port side, nor the rod light on the starboard side. Where it is not possible to fix this light, it shall be kept ready for immediate use and shall be exhibited in sufficient time to prevent collision and so that the green light shall not be seen on the port side nor the red light on the starboard side.(d)Small rowing boats, whether under oars or sail, shall only be required to have ready at hand an electric torch or a lighted lantern showing a white light, which shall be exhibited in sufficient time to prevent collision.(e)The vessels and boats referred to in this Rule shall not lie required to carry lights or shapes prescribed in Rules 4(a) and 11(e).8.
(a)(i)Sailing pilot-vessels, when engaged on their station on pilotage duty and not at anchor, shall not show the lights prescribed for other vessels, but shall carry a white light at the masthead visible all round the horizon at a distance of at least 3 miles, and shall also exhibit a flare-up light or flare-up lights at short intervals, which shall never exceed 10 minutes.(ii)On the near approach of or to other vessels they shall have their sidelights lighted ready for use and shall flash or show them at short intervals, to indicate the direction in which they are heading, but the green light shall not be shown on the port side, nor the red light on the starboard side.(iii)A sailing pilot-vessel of such a class as to be obliged to go alongside of a vessel to put a pilot on board may show the white light instead of carrying it at the masthead and may, instead of the sidelights above-mentioned, have at hand ready for use a lantern with a green glass on the one side, and a red glass on the other to be used as prescribed above.(b)A power-driven pilot-vessel when engaged on her station on pilotage duty and not at anchor shall, in addition to the lights and flares required for sailing pilot-vessels, carry at a distance of 8 feet below her white masthead light a red light visible all round the horizon at a distance of at least 3 miles, and also the sidelights required to be carried by vessels when under way. A bright intermittent all round white light may be used in place of a flare.(c)All pilot-vessels, when engaged on their stations on pilotage duty and at anchor, shall carry the lights and show the flares prescribed in sections (a) and (b), except that the sidelights shall not be shown. They shall also carry the anchor light or lights prescribed in Rule 11.(d)All pilot-vessels, whether at anchor or not at anchor, shall, when not engaged on their stations on pilotage duty, carry the same lights as other vessels of their class and tonnage.9.
(a)Fishing vessels when not fishing shall show the lights or shapes prescribed for similar vessels of their tonnage. When fishing they shall show only the lights or shapes prescribed by this Rule, which lights or shapes, except as otherwise provided, shall be visible at a distance of at least 2 miles.(b)Vessels fishing with trolling (towing) lines, shall show only the lights prescribed for a power-driven or sailing vessel under way as may be appropriate.(c)Vessels fishing with nets or lines, except trolling (towing) lines, extending from the vessel not more than 500 feet horizontally into the seaway shall show, where it can best be seen, one all round white light and in addition, on approaching or being approached by another vessel, shall show a second white light at least 6 feet below the first light and at a horizontal distance of at least 10 feet away from it (6 feet in small open boats) in the direction in which the outlying gear is attached. By day such vessels shall indicate their occupation by displaying a basket, where it can best be seen; and if they have their gear out while at anchor, they shall, on the approach of other vessels, show the same signal in the direction from the anchor ball towards the net or gear.(d)Vessels fishing with nets or lines, except trolling (towing) lines, extending from the vessel more than 500 feet horizontally into the seaway shall show, where they can best be seen, three white lights at least 3 feet apart in a vertical triangle visible all round the horizon. When making way through the water, such vessels shall show the proper coloured sidelights but when not making way they shall not show them. By day they shall show a basket in the forepart of the vessel as near the stem as possible not less than 10 feet above the rail; and in addition, where it can best be seen, one black conical shape, apex upwards. If they have-their gear out while at anchor they shall, on the approach of other vessels, show the basket in the direction from the anchor ball towards the net or gear.(e)Vessels when engaged in trawling, by which is meant the dragging of a dredge net or other apparatus along or near the bottom of the sea, and not at anchor:—(i)If power-driven vessels, shall carry in the same position as the white light mentioned in Rule 2(a)(i) a tri-coloured lantern, so constructed and fixed as to show a white light from right ahead to 2 points (22½ degrees) on each bow, and a green light and a red light over an arc of the horizon from 2 points (22½ degrees) on each bow to 2 points (22½ degrees) abaft the beam on the starboard and port sides, respectively; and not less than 6 nor more than 12 feet below the tri-coloured lantern a white light in a lantern, so constructed as to show a clear, uniform, and unbroken light all round the horizon. They shall also show the stem light specified in Rule 10(a).(ii)If sailing vessels, shall carry a white light in a lantern so constructed as to show a clear, uniform and unbroken light all round the horizon, and shall also, on the approach of or to other vessels show, where it can best be seen, a white flare-up light in sufficient time to prevent collision.(iii)By day, each of the foregoing vessels shall show, where it can best be seen, a basket.(f)In addition to the lights which they are by this Rule required to show vessels fishing may, if necessary in order to attract attention of approaching vessels, show a flare-up light. They may also use working lights.(g)Every vessel fishing, when at anchor, shall show the lights or shape specified in Rule 11(a), (b) or (c); and shall, on the approach of another vessel or vessels, show an additional white light at least 6 feet below the forward anchor light and at a horizontal distance of at least 1 feet away from it in the direction of the outlying gear.(h)If a vessel when fishing becomes fast by her gear to a rock or other obstruction she shall in daytime haul down the basket required by section (c), (d) or (e) and show the signal specified in Rule 11(c). By night she shall show the light or lights specified in Rule 11(a) or (b). In fog, mist, falling snow, heavy rainstorms or any other condition similarly restricting visibility, whether by day or by night, she shall sound the signal prescribed by Rule 15(c)(v), which signal shall also be used, on the near approach of another vessel, in good visibility.10.
(a)A vessel when under way shall carry at her stern a white light, so constructed that it shall show an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 12 points of the compass (135 degrees), so fixed as to show the light 6 points (671 degrees) from right aft on each side of the vessel, and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least 2 miles. Such light shall be carried as nearly as practicable on the same level as the sidelights.(b)In a small vessel, if it is not possible on account of bad weather or other sufficient cause for this light to be fixed, an electric torch or a lighted lantern shall be kept at hand ready for use and shall, on the approach of an overtaking vessel, be shown in sufficient time to prevent collision.(c)A seaplane on the water when under way shall carry on her tail a white light, so constructed as to show an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 140 degrees of the compass, so fixed as to show the light 70 degrees from right aft on each side of the seaplane, and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least 2 miles.11.
(a)A vessel under 150 feet in length, when at anchor, shall carry in the forepart of the vessel, where it can best be seen, a white light in a lantern so constructed as to show a clear, uniform, and unbroken light visible all round the horizon at a distance of at least 2 miles.(b)A vessel of 150 feet or upwards in length, when at anchor, shall carry in the forepart of the vessel, at a height of not less than 20 feet above the hull, one such light, and at or near the stem of the vessel and at such a height that it shall be not less than 15 feet lower than the forward light, another such light. Both these lights shall be visible all-round the horizon at a distance of at least 3 miles.(c)Between sunrise and sunset every vessel when at anchor shall carry in the forepart of the vessel, where it can beat be seen, one black ball not less than 2 feet in diameter.(d)A vessel engaged in laying or in picking up a submarine cable or navigation mark, or a vessel engaged in surveying or underwater operations, when at anchor, shall carry the lights or slips prescribed in Rule 1(c) in addition to those prescribed in the appropriate preceding sections of this Rule.(e)A vessel aground shall carry by night the light or lights prescribed in sections (a) or (b) and the two red lights prescribed in Rule (a). By day she shall carry, where they can best be seen, three black balls, each not less than 2 feet in diameter, placed in a vertical line one over the other, not less than 6 feet apart.(f)A seaplane on the water under 150 feet in length, when at anchor, shall carry, where it can best be seen, a white light, visible all round the horizon at a distance of at least 2 miles.(g)A seaplane on the water 150 feet or upwards in length, when at anchor, shall carry, whore they can best be seen, a white light forward and a white light aft, both lights visible all round the horizon at a distance of at least 3 miles; and, in addition, if the seaplane is more than 150 foot in span, a white light on each side to indicate the maximum span, and visible, so far as practicable, all round the horizon at a distance of 1 mile.(h)A seaplane aground shall carry an anchor light or lights as prescribed in sections (f) and (g), and in addition may carry two rod lights in a vertical line, at least 3 feet apart, so placed as to be visible all round the horizon.12.
Every vessel or seaplane on the water may, if necessary in order to attract attention, in addition to the lights which she is by these Rules required to carry, show a flare-up light or use a detonating or other efficient sound signal that cannot be mistaken for any signal authorised elsewhere under these Rules.13.
(a)Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of any special rules made by the Government of any nation with respect to additional station and, signal lights for ships of war, for vessels sailing under convoy, or for seaplanes on the water; or with the exhibition of recognition signals adopted by shipowners, which have been authorised by their respective Governments and duly registered and published.(b)Whenever the Government concerned shall have determined that a naval or other military vessel or waterborne seaplane of special construction or purpose cannot comply fully with the provisions of any of these Rules with respect to the number, position, range or arc of visibility of lights or shapes, without interfering with the military function of the vessel or seaplane, such vessel or seaplane shall comply with such other provisions in regard to the number, position, range or arc of visibility of lights or shapes as her Government shall have determined to be the closest possible compliance with these Rules in respect of that vessel or seaplane.14.
A vessel proceeding under sail, when also being propelled by machinery, shall carry in the daytime forward, where it can best be seen, one black conical shape, point upwards, not less than 2 feet in diameter at its base.15.
(a)A power-driven vessel shall be provided with an efficient whistle, sounded by steam or by some substitute for steam, so placed that the bound may not be intercepted by any obstruction, and with an efficient fog-horn, to be sounded by mechanical means, and also with an efficient bell. A sailing vessel of 20 tons or upwards shall be provided with a similar fog-horn and bell.(b)All signals prescribed by this Rule for vessels under way shall be given:—(i)by power-driven vessels on the whistle;(ii)by sailing vessels on the fog-horn;(iii)by vessels towed on the whistle or fog-horn.(c)In fog, mist, falling snow, heavy rainstorms, or any other condition similarly restricting visibility, whether by day or night, the signals prescribed in this Rule shall be used as follows:—(i)A power-driven vessel making way through the water, shall sound at intervals of not more than 2 minutes a prolonged blast;(ii)A power-driven vessel under way, but stopped and making no way through the water, shall sound at intervals of not more than 2 minutes two prolonged blasts, with an interval of about 1 second between them.(iii)A sailing vessel under way shall sound, at intervals of not more than 1 minute, when on the starboard tack one blast, when on the port tack two blasts in succession, and when with the wind abaft the beam three blasts in succession.(iv)A vessel when at anchor shall at intervals of not more than 1 minute ring the bell rapidly for about 5 seconds. In vessels of more than 350 feet in length the bell shall be sounded in the forepart of the vessel, and in addition there shall be sounded in the afterpart of the vessel, at intervals of not more than 1 minute for about 5 seconds, a gong or other instrument, the tone and sounding of which cannot be confused with that of the bell. Every vessel at anchor may in addition, in accordance with Rule 12, sound three blasts in succession, namely, one short, one prolonged, and one short blast, to give warning of her position and of the possibility of collision to an approaching vessel.(v)A vessel when towing, a vessel engaged in laying of in picking up a submarine cable or navigation mark, and a vessel under way which is unable to get out of the way of an approaching vessel through being not under command or unable to maneuver as required by these Rules shall, instead of the signals prescribed in sub-sections (i), (ii) and (iii) sound, at intervals of not more than 1 minute, three blasts in succession, namely, one prolonged blast followed by two short blasts.(vi)A vessel towed, or, if more than one vessel is towed, only the last vessel of the tow, if maimed, shall, at intervals of not more than 1 minute, sound four blasts in succession, namely, one prolonged blast followed by three short blasts. When practicable, this signal shall be made immediately after the signal made by the towing vessel.(vii)A vessel aground shall give the signal prescribed in sub-section (iv) and shall, in addition, give three separate and distinct strokes on the bell immediately before and after each such signal.(viii)A vessel of less than 20 tons, a rowing boat, or a seaplane on the water, shall not be obliged to give the above-mentioned signals, but if she does not, she shall make some other efficient sound signal at intervals of not more than 1 minute.(ix)A vessel when fishing, if of 20 tons or upwards, shall at intervals of not more than 1 minute, sound a blast, such blast to be followed by ringing the bell; or she may sound, in lieu of these signals, a blast consisting of a series of several alternate notes of higher and lower pitch.16. Speed to be moderate in fog, etc.
(a)Every vessel, or seaplane when taxi-ing on the water, shall, in fog, mist, falling snow, heavy rainstorms or any other condition similarly restricting visibility, go at a moderate speed, having careful regard to the existing circumstances and conditions.(b)A power-driven vessel hearing, apparently forward of her beam, the fog-signal of a vessel the position of which is not ascertained, shall, so far as the circumstances of the case admit, stop her engines, and then navigate with caution until danger of collision is over.Part C – Steering and sharing rules
Preliminary
1In obeying and construing these Rules, any action taken should be positive, in ample time, and with due regard to the observance of good seamanship.2Risk of collision can, when circumstances permit, be ascertained by carefully watching the compass bearing of an approaching vessel. If the bearing does not appreciably change, such risk should be deemed to exist.3Mariners should bear in mind that seaplanes in the act of landing or taking off, or operating under adverse weather conditions, may be unable to change their intended action at the last moment.17.
When two sailing vessels are approaching one another, so as to involve risk of collision, one of them shall keep out of the way of the other, as follows:—(a)A vessel which is running free shall keep out of the way of a vessel which is close-hauled.(b)A vessel which is close-hauled on the port tack shall keep out of the way of a vessel which is close-hauled on the starboard tack.(c)When both are running free, with the wind on different sides, the vessel which has the wind on the port side shall keep out of the way of the other.(d)When both are running free, with the wind on the same side, the vessel which is to windward shall keep out of the way of the vessel which is to leeward.(e)A vessel which has the wind aft shall keep out of the way of the other vessel.18.
(a)When two power-driven vessels are meeting end on, or nearly end on, so as to involve risk of collision, each shall alter her course to starboard, so that each may pass on the port side of the other. This Rule only applies to cases where vessels are meeting end on, or nearly end on, in such a manner as to involve risk of collision, and does not apply to two vessels which must, if both keep on their respective courses, pass clear of each other. The only cases to which it does apply are when each of two vessels is end on, or nearly end on, to the other; in other words, to cases in which, by day, each vessel sees the masts of the other in a line, or nearly in a line, with her own; and by night, to cases in which each vessel is in such a position as to see both the sidelights of the other. It does not apply, by day, to cases in which a vessel sees another ahead crossing her own course; or, by night, to eases where the red light of one vessel is opposed to the red light of the other or where the green light of one vessel is opposed to the green light of the other or where a red light without a green light or a green light without a red light is seen ahead, or where both green and red lights are seen anywhere but ahead.(b)For the purpose of this Rule and Rules 19 to 29 inclusive, except Rule 20(b), a seaplane on the water shall be deemed to be a vessel, and the expression “power-driven vessel” shall be construed accordingly.19.
When two power-driven vessels are crossing, so as to involve risk of collision, the vessel which has the other on her own starboard side shall keep out of the way of the other.20.
(a)When a power-driven vessel and a sailing vessel are proceeding in such directions as to involve risk of collision, except as provided in Rules 24 and 26, the power-driven vessel shall keep out of the way of the sailing vessel.(b)A seaplane on the water shall, in general, keep well clear of all vessels and avoid impeding their navigation. In circumstances, however, where risk of collision exists, she shall comply with these Rules.21.
Where by any of these Rules one of two vessels is to keep out of the way, the other shall keep her course and speed. When, from any cause, the latter vessel finds herself so close that collision cannot be avoided by the action of the giving-way vessel alone, she also shall take such action as will best aid to avert collision (see Rules 27 and 29).22.
Every vessel which is directed by these Rules to keep out of the way af another vessel shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid crossing ahead of the other.23.
Every power-driven vessel which is directed by these Rules to keep out of the way of another vessel shall, on approaching her, if necessary, slacken her speed or stop or reverse.24.
(a)Notwithstanding anything contained in these Rules, every vessel overtaking any other shall keep out of the way of the overtaken vessel,(b)Every vessel coming up with another vessel from any direction more than 2 points (22 degrees) abaft her beam, i.e. in such a position, with reference to the vessel which she is overtaking, that at night she would be unable to see either of that vessel’s sidelights, shall be deemed to be an overtaking vessel; and no subsequent alteration of the bearing between the two vessels shall make the overtaking vessel a crossing vessel within the meaning of these Rules, or relieve her of the duty of keeping clear of the overtaken vessel until she is finally past and clear.(c)If the overtaking vessel cannot determine with certainty whether she is forward of or abaft this direction from the other vessel, she shall assume that she is an overtaking vessel and keep out of the way.25.
(a)In a narrow channel every power-driven vessel when proceeding along the course of the channel shall, when it is safe and practicable, keep to that side of the fairway or mid-channel which lies on the starboard side of such vessel.(b)Whenever a power-driven vessel is nearing a bend in a channel where a power-driven vessel approaching from the other direction cannot be seen, such vessel, when she shall have arrived within one-half mile of the bend, shall give a signal by one prolonged blast of her whistle, which signal shall be answered by a similar blast given by any approaching power-driven vessel that may be within hearing around the bend. Regardless of whether an approaching vessel on the farther side of the bend is heard, such bend shall be rounded with alertness and caution.26.
All vessels not engaged in fishing shall, when under way, keep out of the way of any vessels fishing with nets or lines or trawls. This Rule shall not give to any vessel engaged in fishing the right of obstructing a fairway used by vessels other than fishing vessels.27.
In obeying and construing these Rules due regard shall be had to all dangers of navigation and collision, and to any special circumstances, including the limitations of the craft involved, which may render a departure from the above Rules necessary in order to avoid immediate danger.Part D – Miscellaneous
28.
(a)When vessels are in sight of one another, a power-driven vessel under way, in taking any course authorised or required by these Rules, shall indicate that course by the following signals on her whistle, namely:—One short blast to mean “I am altering my course to starboard.” Two short blasts to mean “I am altering my course to port.” Three short blasts to mean “My engines are going astern.”(b)Whenever a power-driven vessel which, under these Rules, is to keep her course and speed, is in sight of another vessel and is in doubt whether sufficient action is being taken by the other vessel to avert collision, she may, indicate such doubt by giving at least five short and rapid blasts on the whistle. The giving of such a signal shall not relieve a vessel of her obligations under Rules 27 and 29 or any other Rule, or of her duty to indicate any action taken under these Rules by giving the appropriate sound signals laid down in this Rule.(c)Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of any special rules made by the Government of any nation with respect to the use of additional whistle signals between ships of war or vessels sailing under convoy.29.
Nothing in these Rules shall exonerate any vessel, or the owner, master or crow thereof, from the consequences of any neglect to carry lights or signals, or of any neglect to keep a proper look-out, or of the neglect of any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen, or by the special circumstances of the case.30. Reservation of rules for harbours and inland navigation
Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of a special rule duly made by local authority relative to the navigation of any harbour, river, lake, or inland water, including a reserved seaplane area.31. Distress signals
When a vessel or seaplane on the water is in distress and requires assistance from other vessels or from the shore, the following shall be the signals to be used or displayed by her, either together or separately, namely:—(a)A gun or other explosive signal fired at intervals of about a minute.(b)A continuous sounding with any fog-signal apparatus.(c)Rockets or shells, throwing red stars fired one at a time at short intervals.(d)A signal made by radiotelegraphy or by any other signaling method consisting of the group in the Morse Code.(e)A signal sent by radiotelephony consisting of the spoken word “Mayday”.(f)The International Code Signal of distress indicated by N.C.(g)A signal consisting of a square flag having above or below it a ball or anything resembling a ball.(h)Flames on the vessel (as from a burning tar barrel, oil barrel, etc.).(i)A rocket parachute flare showing a red light.The use of any of the above signals, except for the purpose of indicating that a vessel or a seaplane is in distress, and the use of any signals which may be confused with any of the above signals, is prohibited.32.
All orders to helmsmen shall be given in the following sense: right rudder of starboard to mean “put the vessel’s rudder to starboard”; left rudder or port to mean “put the vessel’s rudder to port”.Fourth Schedule
International Convention respecting load lines, 1930
Chapter I
Preliminary
Article 1 – General obligation of Convention
So that the load lines prescribed by this Convention shall be observed, the Contracting Governments undertake to give effect to the provisions of this Convention, to promulgate all regulations, and to take all other steps which may be necessary to give this Convention full and complete effect.The provisions of this Convention are completed by Annexes, which have the same force and take effect at the same time as this Convention. Every reference to this Convention implies at the same time a reference to the Rules annexed thereto.Article 2 – Scope of Convention
1.This Convention applies to all ships engaged on international voyages, which belong to countries the Governments of which are Contracting Governments, or to territories to which this Convention is applied under Article 21, except—(a)ships of war; ships solely engaged in fishing; pleasure yachts and ships not carrying cargo or passengers;(b)ships of less than 150 tons gross.2.Ships when engaged on international voyages between the near neighboring ports of two or more countries may be exempted by the Administration to which such ships belong from the provisions of this Convention, so long as they shall remain in such trades, if the Governments of the countries in which such ports are situated shall be satisfied that the sheltered nature and conditions of such voyages between such ports make it unreasonable or impracticable to apply the provisions of this Convention to ships engaged in such trades.3.All agreements and arrangements relating to load line or matters appertaining thereto at present in force between Contracting Governments shall continue to have full and complete effect during the terms thereof as regards—(a)ships to which this Convention does not apply;(b)ships to which this Convention applies in respect of matters for which it has not expressly provided.To the extent, however, that such agreements or arrangements conflict with the provisions of this Convention, the provisions of this Convention shall prevail.Subject to any such agreement or arrangement—(a)All ships to which this Convention does not apply; and(b)All matters which are not expressly provided for in this Convention;shall remain subject to the legislation of each Contracting Government to the same extent as if this Convention had not been made.Article 3 – Definitions
In this Convention, unless expressly provided otherwise—(a)a ship is regarded as belonging to a country if it is registered by the Government of that country;(b)the expression “ Administration ” means the Government of the country to which the ship belongs;(c)an “ international voyage ” is a voyage from a country to which this Convention applies to a port outside such country, or conversely, and for this purpose, every colony, overseas territory, protectorate or territory under suzerainty or mandate is regarded as a separate country;(d)the expression “Rules” means the rules contained in Annexes I, II and III(e)a “ new ship ” is a ship, the keel of which is laid on or after the 1st July, 1932, all other ships being regarded as existing ships;(f)the expression “ steamer ” includes any vessel propelled by machinery.Article 4 – Cases of “Force Majeure”
No ship, which is not subject to the provisions of this Convention at the time of its departure on any voyage, shall become subject to the provisions of this Convention on account of any deviation from its intended voyage due to stress of weather or any other cause of force majeure.In applying the provisions of this Convention, the Administration shall give due consideration to any deviation or delay caused to any ship owing to stress of weather or to any other cause of force majeure.Chapter II
Load line survey and marking
Article 5 – General provisions
No ship to which this Convention applies shall proceed to sea on an international voyage after the date on which this Convention comes into force, unless the ship, being—Aa new ship(a)has been surveyed in accordance with the provisions of Annex I;(b)complies with the provisions of Part II of Annex I; and(c)has been marked in accordance with the provisions of this Convention.Ban existing ship,(a)as been surveyed and marked (whether before or after this Convention comes into force) in accordance with the conditions prescribed either in paragraph A of this Article or in one of the sets of Rules for the Assignment of Load Line particularized in Annex IV; and(b)complies with the provisions of Part II of Annex I in principle and also in detail, so far as is reasonable and practicable, having regard to the efficiency of (i) the protection of openings; (ii) guard rails; (iii) freeing ports; and (iv) means of access to crew’s quarters provided by the existing arrangements, fittings and appliances on the ship.Article 6 – Provisions for steamers carrying timber deck cargoes
1.A steamer which has been surveyed and marked under Article 5 shall be entitled to be surveyed and marked with a timber load line under Part V of Annex I, if, being—Aa new ship, it complies with the conditions and provisions prescribed in Part V of Annex I;Ban existing ship, it complies with the conditions and provisions of Part V of Annex I other than Rule LXXX an d also in principle, so far as is reasonable and practicable, with the conditions and provisions prescribed by Rule LXXX, provided that in assigning a timber load line to an existing ship the Administration shall make such addition to the freeboard as shall be reasonable, having regard to the extent to which such ship falls short of full compliance with the conditions and provisions prescribed in Rule LXXX.2.A steamer when using the timber load line shall comply with Rules LXXXIV, LXXXV, LXXXVI, LXXXVIII and LXXXIX.Article 7 – Provisions for tankers
A steamer which has been surveyed under Article 5 shall be entitled to be surveyed and marked as a taker under Part VI of Annex I if, being—Aa new ship, it complies with the conditions and provisions prescribed in Part VI of Annex I;Ban existing ship, it complies with the conditions and provisions in Rules XCIII, XCVI, XCVII, XCVIII and XCIX, and also in principle so far as is reasonable and practicable with Rules XCIV, XCV and C, provided that in assigning a tanker load line to an existing ship the Administration shall make such addition to the freeboard as shall be reasonable having regard to the extent to which such ship falls short of full compliance with the conditions and provisions prescribed in Rules XCIV, XCV and C.Article 8 – Provisions for ships of special types
For steamers over 300 feet in length, possessing constructional features similar to those of a tanker which afford extra invulnerability against the sea, a reduction in freeboard may be granted.The amount of such reduction shall be determined by the Administration in relation to the freeboard assigned to tankers, having regard to the degree of compliance with the conditions of assignment laid down for these ships, and the degree of sub-division provided.The freeboard assigned to such a ship shall in no case be less than would be assigned to the ship as a tanker.Article 9 – Survey
The survey and marking of ships for the purpose of this Convention shall be carried out by officers of the country to which the ships belong, provided that the Government of each country may entrust the surveyand marking of its ships either to surveyors nominated for this purpose, or to organizations recognized by it. In every case the Government concerned fully guarantees the completeness and efficiency of the survey and marking.Article 10 – Zones and seasonal areas
A ship to which this Convention applies shall conform to the conditions applicable to the zones and seasonal areas described in Annex II to this Convention.A port standing on the boundary line between two zones shall be regarded as within the zone from or into which the ship arrives or departs.Chapter III
Certificates
Article 11 – Issue of certificates
A certificate, called “International Load Line Certificate”, shall be issued to every ship which has been surveyed and marked in accordance with this Convention, but not otherwise.An International Load Line Certificate shall be issued either by the Government of the country to which the ship belongs or by any person or organization duly authorized by that Government, and in every case the Government assumes full, responsibility for the certificate.Article 12 – Issue of certificates by another Government
The Government of a country to which this Convention applies may, at the request of the Government of any other country to which this Convention applies, cause any ship which belongs to the last-mentioned country, or (in the case of an unregistered ship) which is to be registered by the Government of that country, to be surveyed and marked, and, if satisfied that the requirements of this Convention are complied with, issue an International Load Line Certificate to such ships, under its own responsibility. Any certificate so issued must contain a statement to the effect that it has been issued at the request of the Government of the country to which the ship belongs, or of the Government by whom the ship is to be registered, as the case may be, and it shall have the same force and receive the same recognition as a certificate issued under Article 11 of this Convention.Article 13 – Form of certificate
The International Load Line Certificates shall be drawn up in the official language or languages of the country by which they are issued.The form of the certificate shall be that of the model given in Annex III, subject to such modifications as may, in accordance with Rule LXXVIII, be made in the case of ships carrying timber deck cargoes.Article 14 – Duration of certificates
1.An International Load Line Certificate shall, unless it is renewed in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 2 of this Article, expire at the end of such period as may be specified therein by the Administration which issues it: but the period so specified shall not exceed five years from the date of issue.2.An International Load lane Certificate may be renewed from time to time by the Administration which issued it for such period (not exceeding five years on any occasion) as the Administration thinks fit, after a Survey not less effective than the survey required by this Convention before the issue of the certificate, and any such renewal shall be endorsed on the certificate.3.An Administration shall cancel any International Load Line Certificate issued to a ship belonging to its country:A.If material alterations have taken place in the hull and super structures of the ship which affect the calculations of freeboard.B.If the fittings and appliances for the (i) protection of openings; (ii) guard rails; (iii) freeing ports; and (iv) means of access to crew’s quarters are not maintained in as effective a condition as they were in when the certificate was issued.C.If the ship is not inspected periodically at such times and under such conditions as the Administration may think necessary for the purpose of securing that the hull and superstructures referred to in Condition A are not altered and that the fittings and appliances referred to in Condition B are maintained as therein provided throughout the duration of the certificate.Article 15 – Acceptance of certificates
International Load Line Certificates issued under the authority of a Contracting Government shall be accepted by the other Contracting Governments as having the same force as the certificates issued by them to ships belonging to their respective countries.Article 16 – Control
1.A ship to which this Convention applies, when in a port of a country to which it does not belong, is in any case subject to control with respect to load line as follows: An officer duly authorized by the Government of that country may take such steps as may be necessary for the purpose of seeing that there is on board a valid International Load Line Certificate. If there is such a certificate on board the ship, such control shall be limited to the purpose of securing—(a)that the ship is not loaded beyond the limits allowed by the certificate(b)that the position of the load line on the ship corresponds with the certificate; and(c)that the ship has not been so materially altered in respect to the matters dealt with in conditions A and B (set out in paragraph 3 of Article 14) that the ship is manifestly unfit to proceed to sea without danger to human life.2.Only officers possessing the necessary technical qualifications shall be authorized to exercise control as aforesaid, and if such control is exercised under (c) above, it shall only be exercised in so far as may be necessary to secure that the ship shall be made fit to proceed to sea without danger to human life.3.If control under this Article appears likely to result in legal proceedings being taken against the ship, or in the ship being detained, the consul of the country to which the ship belongs shall be informed as soon as possible of the circumstances of the case.Article 17 – Privileges
The privileges of this Convention may not be claimed in favour of any ship unless it holds a valid International Load Line Certificate.Chapter IV
General provisions
Article 18 – Equivalents
Where in this Convention it is provided that a particular fitting, or appliance, or type thereof, shall be fitted or carried in a ship, or that any particular arrangement shall be adopted, any Administration may accept in substitution therefor any other fitting, or appliance, or type thereof, or any other arrangement, provided that such Administration shall have been satisfied that the fitting, or appliance, or type thereof, or the arrangement substituted is in the circumstances at least as effective as that specified in this Convention.Any Administration which so accepts a new fitting, or appliance, or type thereof, or new arrangement shall communicate the fact to the other Administrations, and, upon request the particulars thereof.Article 19 – Laws, regulations, reports
The Contracting Governments undertake to communicate to each other—(1)the text of laws, decrees, regulations and decisions of general application which shall have been promulgated on the various matters within the scope of this Convention;(2)all available official reports or official summaries of reports in so far as they show the results of the provisions of this Convention, provided always that such reports or summaries are not of a confidential nature.The Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is invited to serve as an intermediary for collecting all this information and for bringing it to the knowledge of the other Contracting Governments.Article 20 – Future conferences
1.Modifications of this Convention which may be deemed useful or necessary improvements may at any time be proposed by any Contracting Government to the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and such proposals shall be communicated by the latter to all the other Contracting Governments, and if any such modifications are accepted by all the Contracting Governments (including Governments which have deposited ratifications or accessions which have not yet become effective) this Convention shall be modified accordingly.2.Conferences for the purpose of revising this Convention shall be held at such times and places as may be agreed upon by the Contracting Governments.A Conference for this purpose shall be convoked by the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland whenever, after this Convention has been in force for five years, one-third of the Contracting Governments express a desire to that effect.Chapter V
Final provisions
Article 21 – Application to colonies
1.A Contracting Government may, at the time of signature, ratification, accession or thereafter, by a notification in writing addressed to the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, declare its desire that this Convention shall apply to all or any of its Colonies, overseas territories, protectorates or territories under suzerainty or mandate, and this Convention shall apply to all the territories named in such notification, two months after the date of the receipt thereof, but failing such notification, this Convention will not apply to any such territories.2.A Contracting Government may at any time by a notification in writing addressed to the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland express its desire that this Convention shall cease to apply to all or any of its colonies, overseas territories, protectorates or territories under suzerainty or mandate to which this Convention shall have, under the provisions of the preceding paragraph, been applicable for a period of not less than five years, and in such case the Convention shall cease to apply twelve months after the date of the receipt of such notification by the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to all territories mentioned therein.3.The Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland shall inform all the other Contracting Governments of the application of this Convention to any colony, overseas territory, protectorate or territory under suzerainty or mandate under the provisions of paragraph 1 of this Article, and of the cessation of any such application under the provisions of paragraph 2, stating in each case the date from which this Convention has become or will cease to be applicable.Article 22 – Authentic texts-ratification
This Convention, of which both the English and French texts shall be authentic, shall be ratified.The instruments of ratification shall be deposited in the archives of the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, which will notify all the other signatory or acceding Governments of all ratifications deposited and the date of their deposit.Article 23 – Accession
A Government (other than the Government of a territory to which Article 21 applies) on behalf of which this Convention has not been signed, shall be allowed to accede thereto at any time after the Convention has come into force. Accessions shall be effected by means of notifications in writing addressed to the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and shall take effect three months after their receipt.The Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland shall inform all signatory and acceding Governments of all accessions received and of the date of their receipt.Article 24 – Date of coming into force
This Convention shall come into force on the 1st July, 1932, as between the Governments which have deposited their ratifications by that date, and provided that at least five ratifications have been deposited with the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Should five ratifications not have been deposited by that date, this Convention shall come into force three months after the date on which the fifth ratification is deposited. Ratifications deposited after the date on which this Convention has come into force shall take effect three months after the date of their deposit.Article 25 – Denunciation
This Convention may be denounced on behalf of any Contracting Government at any time after the expiration of five years from the date on which the Convention comes into force in so far as that Government is concerned. Denunciation shall be effected by a notification in writing addressed to the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, which will notify all the other contracting Governments of all denunciations received and of the date of their receipt.A denunciation shall take effect twelve months after the date on which notification thereof is received by the Governmentof the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.In faith whereof, the Plenipotentiaries have signed hereafter.Done an London this fifth day of July, 1930, in a single copy, which shall remain deposited in the archives of the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, which shall transmit certified true copies thereof to all signatory Governments.Final ProtocolAt the moment of signing the International Load Line Convention concluded this day, the under-mentioned Plenipotentiaries have agreed on the following:—I.Ships engaged solely on voyages on the Great Lakes of North America and ships engaged in other inland waters are to be regarded as outside the scope of the Convention.II.This Convention is not applied to the existing ships of the United States of America and of France of the lumber schooner type propelled by power, with or without sails, or by sails alone.III.The Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland shall convoke a conference of the Contracting Governments of the countries to which tankers belong, upon request of the United States of America, at any time within the five-year period mentioned in Article 20, for the purpose of discussing matters relating to tanker freeboard.The Contracting Governments will not raise any objection to the provisions contained in this Convention in regard to tanker load line being altered as may be determined at such Conference, provided that the conclusions then reached are communicated forthwith to the Governments signatory to the present Convention and that no objection is received by the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland within six months of the dispatch of such communication.In witness whereof the Plenipotentiaries have drawn up this Final Protocol which shall have the same force and the same validity as if the provisions thereof had been inserted in the text of the Convention to which it belongs.Done at London this fifth day of July, 1930, in a single copy which shall be deposited in the archives of the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, which shall transmit certified true copies thereof to all signatory Governments.Annex I
Rules for determining maximum load lines of merchant ships
Part I – General
The rules necessarily assume that the nature and stowage of the cargo, ballast, etc., are such as to secure sufficient stability for the ship.I Definitions
Steamer—The term “steamer” includes all ships having sufficient means for mechanical propulsion, except where provided with sufficient sail area for navigation under sails alone.A ship fitted with mechanical means of propulsion and with sail area insufficient for navigation under sails alone may be assigned a load line under Part III of these Rules.A lighter, barge or other Ship without independent means of propulsion, when towed, is to be assigned a load line under Part III of these Rules.Sailing Ship—The term “sailing ship” includes all ships provided with sufficient sail area for navigation under sails alone, whether or not fitted with mechanical means of propulsion.Flush Deck Ship—A flush deck ship is one which has no superstructure on the freeboard deck.Superstructure—A superstructure is a decked structure on the freeboard deck extending from side to side of the ship. A raised quarter deck is considered a superstructure.Freeboard—The freeboard assigned is the distance measured vertically downwards at the side of the ship amidships from the upper edge of the deck line to the upper edge of the load line mark.Freeboard Deck—The freeboard deck is the deck from which the freeboard is measured, and is the uppermost complete deck having permanent means of closing all openings in weather portions of the deck in accordance with Rules VIII to XVI. It is the upper deck in flush deck ships and ships with detached superstructures.In ships having discontinuous freeboard decks within superstructures which are not intact, or which are not fitted with Class I closing appliances, the lowest line of the deck below the superstructure deck is taken as the freeboard deck.Amidships—amidships is the middle of the length of the summer load water-line as defined in Rule XXXII.II Deck line
The deck line is a horizontal line twelve inches in length and one inch in breadth. It is to be marked amidships on each side of the ship, and its upper edge is to pass through the point where the continuation outwards of the upper surface of the freeboard deck intersects the outer surface of the shell. (See figure 1). Where the deck is partly sheathed amidships, the upper edge of the deck line is to pass through the point where the continuation outwards of the upper surface of the actual sheathing at amidships intersects the outer surface of the shell.III Load line disc
The load line disc is twelve inches in diameter and is intersected by a horizontal line eighteen inches in length and one inch in breadth, the upper edge of which passes through the centre of the disc. The disc is to be marked amidships below the deck line.IV Lines to be used in connection with the disc
The lines which indicate the maximum load line in different circumstances and in different seasons (see Annex II) are to be horizontal lines, nine inches in length and one inch in breadth, which extend from, and are at right angles to, a vertical line marked twenty-one inches forward of the centre of the disc. (See figure 1).The following are the lines to be used:—Summer Load Line—The summer load line is indicated by the upper edge of the line which passes through the centre of the disc and also by a line marked S.Winter load line—The winter load line is indicated by the upper edge of a line marked W.Winter North Atlantic load line—The Winter North Atlantic load line is indicated by the upper edge of a line marked WNA.Tropical Load Line—The Tropical load line is indicated by the upper edge of a line marked T.Fresh Water Load Lines—The Fresh Water load line in Summer is indicated by the upper edge of a line marked F. The difference between the Fresh Water load line in summer and the Summer load line is the allowance to be made for loading in Fresh Water at the other load lines. The Tropical Fresh Water load line is indicated by the upper edge of a line marked T.F.**Where seagoing steamers navigate a river or Inland water, deeper loading is permitted corresponding to the weight of fuel etc., required for consumption between the point of departure and the open sea.
FIGURE 1.V Mark of assigning authority
The authority by whom the load lines are assigned may be indicated by letters measuring about 4½ inches by 3 inches marked alongside the disc and above the centre line.VI Details of marking
The disc, lines and letters are to be painted in white or yellow on a dark ground or in blank on a light ground. They are also to be carefully cut in or centre-punched on the sides of iron and steel ships, and on wood ships they are to be cut into the planking for at least one-eighth of an inch. The marks are to be plainly visible, and, if necessary, special arrangements are to be made for this purpose.VII Verification of marks
The International Load Line Certificate is not to be delivered to the ship until a surveyor of the Assigning Authority (acting under the provision of Article 9 of this Convention) has certified that the marks are correctly and permanently indicated on the ship’s sides.Part II – Conditions of assignment of load lines
The assignment of load lines is conditional upon the ship being structurally efficient and upon the provision of effective protection to ship and crew.Rules VIII to XXXI apply to ships to which minimum freeboards are assigned. In ships to which greater free boards than the minimum are assigned, the protection is to be relatively as effective.Openings in freeboard and superstructure decks
VIII Cargo and other hatchways not protected by superstructures
The construction and fitting of cargo and other hatchways in exposed positions on freeboard and superstructure decks are to be at least equivalent to the standards laid down in Rules IX to XVI.IX Hatchway coamings
The height, of hatchway coamings on freeboard decks is to be at least 24 inches above the deck. The height of coamings on superstructure decks is to be at least 24 inches above the deck if situated within a quarter of the ship’s length from the stem, and at least 18 inches if situated elsewhere.Coamings are to be of steel, are to be substantially constructed and where required to be 24 inches high, are to be fitted with an efficient horizontal stiffener placed not lower than 10 inches below the upper edge, and fitted with efficient brackets or stays from the stiffener to the deck, at intervals of not more than 10 feet. Where end Coamings are protected, these requirements may be modified.X Hatchway covers
Covers to exposed hatchways are to be efficient, and whore they are made of wood, the finished thickness is to be at least 24 inches in association with a span of not more than 5 feet. The width of each bearing surface for these hatchway covers is to be at least 2 1/2 inches.XI Hatchway beams and fore-and-afters
Where wood hatchway covers are fitted the hatchway beams and fore-and-afters are to be of the scantlings and spacing given in Table 1 where coamings 24 inches high are required, and as given in Table 2 where coamings 18 inches high are required. Angle bar mountings on the upper edge are to extend continuously for the full length of each beam. Wood fore-and-afters are to be steel shod at all bearing surfaces.Table 1 (Coamings 24 inches in height.)
Hatchway beams and fore-and-afters for ships 200 feet or more in length*.
*In ships not exceeding 100 feet In length, the depths of beams which are formed of plates and angles may be 60 per cent of the depths given above the deptba of beams and steel fore-and-afters formed of bulb angle or bulb plate section may be 50 per cent of the depths given above the thickness of plates, bulb angles and bulb plate should correspond to the thickness tabulated for the reduced depths with a minimum thickness of .30 Inch the depths and breadths of wood fore-and-afters may be 50 per cent of those given In the tables for side fore-and-afters, but the centre fore-and-afters must be not less than 60 inches wide. In shlps between 100 feet and 200 feet. In length, the sizes of the beams and fore-and-afters are to be determined by linear interpolation.Hatchway beams
| Breadth of Hatchway | Mounting | Beams with Fore-and-Afters | Beams without Fare-and-Afters |
|---|
| Spacing Centre to Centre | Spacing Centre to Centre |
|---|
| 6' 0 | 8' 0" | 10' 0" | 4' 0" | 5' 0" |
|---|
| | Ins. Ins. Ins. | Ins. Ins. | Ins. Ins. | Ins. Ins. | Ins. Ins. | Ins. Ins. |
| 10' 0" | 3 x 3 x·40A | 11 x·30P | 12 x·32P | 14 x·34P | 9 x·46P | 10 x·50P |
| 12' 0" | 3 x 3 x·60A | 12x·32P | 14 x·34P | 17 x·36P | 11 x·50P | 12 x·50P |
| 14' 0" | 3 x 3 x·42A | 14 x·34P | 17 x·36P | 20 x·38P | 12 x·50P | 12 x·32P |
| 16' 0" | 3½ x 3 x·42A | 16 x·36P | 19 x·38P | 22 x·38P | 12 x·32P | 14 x·34P |
| 18' 0" | 4 x 3 x·44A | 18 x·36P | 21 x·40P | 25 x·40P | 14 x·34P | 16 x·36P |
| 20' 0" | 4 x 3 x·44A | 20 x·38P | 24 x·42P | 28 x·42P | 15 x·34P | 18 x·36P |
| 22' 0" | 4½ x 3 x·42A | 22 x·38P | 26 x·42P | 30 x·44P | 16 x·36P | 19 x·36P |
| 24' 0" | 5 x 3½ x·42A | 23 x·40P | 28 x·42P | 32 x·44P | 17 x·36P | 20 x·38P |
| 26' 0" | 5½ x 3½ x·42A | 24 x·40P | 29 x·42P | 34 x·46P | 18 x·36P | 21 x·38P |
| 28' 0" | 6x 3½ x·42A | 25 x·40P | 31 x·44P | 36 x·48P | 19 x·38P | 22 x·38P |
| 30' 0" | 6x 3½ x·42A | 26 x·42P | 32 x·44P | 38 x·48P | 20 x·38P | 23 x·40P |
Fore-and-afters
| Length of Fore-and-Afters | Mounting | Bulb Plate Centre Fore-and-Afters | Bulb Angle, Side Fore-and-Afters |
|---|
| Spacing Centre to Centre | Spacing Centre to Centre |
|---|
| 3' 0" | 4' 0" | 5' 0" | 3' 0" | 4' 0" | 5' 0" |
|---|
| | ins. ins. ins. | ins. ins. | ins. ins. | ins. ins. | ins. ins. ins. | ins. ins. ins. | ins. ins. ins. |
|---|
| 6' 0" | 2½ x 2½ x ·36 | 6 x ·36 | 6½ x ·38 | 7 x ·38 | 6 x 3 x ·36 | 6½ x 3½ x ·38 | 7 x 3½ x ·38 |
| 8' 0" | 2½ x 2½ x ·38 | 7 x ·42 | 8 x ·44 | 9 x·44 | 7 x 3½ x ·42 | 8 x 3 x ·44 | 9 x 3 ½ x ·44 |
| 10' 0" | 2½ x 2½ x ·40 | 7 x ·44 | 8 x ·45 | 9 x ·50 | 8 x 3½ x ·50 | 9½ x 3½ x ·50 | 11 x 3 ½ x ·50 |
| | Wood Centre Force and Afters | Wood Side Force-and-Afters |
|---|
| | Spacing Centre to Centre | Spacing Centre to Centre |
|---|
| | 3' 0" | 4' 0" | 5' 0" | 3' 0" | 4' 0" | 5' 0" |
|---|
| | D | B | D | B | D | B | D | B | D | B | D | B |
|---|
| | ins. | ins. | ins. | ins. | ins. | ins. | ins. | ins. | ins. | ins. | ins. | ins. |
|---|
| 6' 0" | 5½ | 7 | 6 | 7 | 6½ | 7 | 5½ | 5½ | 6 | 6 | 6½ | 6 |
| 8' 0" | 6½ | 7 | 7½ | 7 | 8 | 7 | 6½ | 6½ | 7½ | 7 | 8 | 7 |
| 10' 0" | 8 | 7 | 8½ | 8 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8½ | 8 | 9 | 9 |
Table 2 (Coamings 18 inches in height.)
Hatchway beams and fore-and-afters for ships 200 feet or more in length*.
*In ships not exceeding 100 feet In length, the depths of beams which are form ed of plates and an gles may be 60 per cent of the depths given above; the depths of beams and steel fore-and-afters formed of bulb angle or bulb plate section may be 80 per cent of the depths given above; the thickness of p lates, bulb angles and bulb plates should correspond to the thickness tabulated for the reduced depths with a minimum thickness of 30 Inch; the depths and breadths of wood fore-and-aften may be 80 per cent of those given In the tables for side fore-and-afters, but the centre fore-and-afters must be not less than 61 Inches wide. In ships between 100 feet and 200 feet in length, the sizes of the beams and fore-and-afters are to be determined by linear Interpolation.Hatchway beams
| Breadth of Hatchway | Mounting | Beams with Fore-and-Afters | Beams without Fare-and-Afters |
|---|
| Spacing Centre to Centre | Spacing Centre to Centre |
|---|
| 6' 0 | 8' 0" | 10' 0" | 4' 0" | 5' 0" |
|---|
| | Ins. Ins. Ins. | Ins. Ins. | Ins. Ins. | Ins. Ins. | Ins. Ins. | Ins. Ins. |
| 10' 0" | 3 x 3 x·40A | 9½ x·46BP | 10½ x·50BP | 11½ x·52BP | 8 x·40BP | 9 x·44BP |
| 12' 0" | 3 x 3 x·40A | 11x·50BP | 11 x·30P | 13 x·34P | 9 x·44BP | 10 x·50BP |
| 14' 0" | 3 x 3 x·42A | 11 x·30P | 13 x·32P | 15 x·34P | 10 x·50BP | 11½ x·50P |
| 16' 0" | 3½ x 3 x·42A | 12 x·32P | 15 x·34P | 17 x·36P | 11 x·30P | 11 x·30P |
| 18' 0" | 4 x 3 x·44A | 14 x·34P | 17 x·36P | 19 x·38P | 11 x·30P | 12 x·32P |
| 20' 0" | 4 x 3 x·44A | 16 x·36P | 19 x·38P | 21 x·38P | 12 x·32P | 13 x·34P |
| 22' 0" | 4½ x 3 x·46A | 17 x·36P | 20 x·38P | 23 x·40P | 12½ x·32P | 14 x·34P |
| 24' 0" | 5 x 3½ x·42A | 18 x·36P | 21 x·38P | 25 x·40P | 13 x·34P | 14½ x·34P |
| 26' 0" | 5½ x 3½ x·46A | 19 x·38P | 22 x·38P | 26 x·42P | 13½ x·34P | 15 x·34P |
| 28' 0" | 6x 3½ x·50A | 20 x·38P | 23 x·40P | 27 x·42P | 14 x·34P | 16 x·36P |
| 30' 0" | 6x 3½ x·52A | 21 x·38P | 24 x·40P | 28 x·42P | 15 x·34P | 17 x·36P |
Fore-and-afters
| Length of Fore-and-Afters | Mounting. | Bulb Plate Centre Fore-and-Afters | Bulb Angle, Side Fore-and-Afters |
|---|
| Spacing Centre to Centre | Spacing Centre to Centre |
|---|
| 3' 0" | 4' 0" | 5' 0" | 3' 0" | 4' 0" | 5' 0" |
|---|
| | ins. ins. ins. | ins. ins. | ins. ins. | ins. ins. | ins. ins. ins. | ins. ins. ins. | ins. ins. ins. |
|---|
| 6' 0" | 2½ x 2½ x ·36 | 5 x ·34 | 5½ x ·34 | 6 x ·36 | 5 x 3 x ·34 | 5 ½ x 3 x ·34 | 6 x 3 x ·36 |
| 8' 0" | 2½ x 2½ x ·38 | 6 x ·38 | 7 x ·40 | 7½ x·42 | 6 x 3 x ·38 | 7 x 3 x ·40 | 7 ½ x 3 ½ x ·42 |
| 10' 0" | 2½ x 2½ x ·40 | 7 x ·44 | 8 x ·45 | 9 x ·50 | 7 x 3 x ·44 | 8 x 3 ½ x ·46 | 9 x 3 ½ x ·50 |
| | Wood Centre Force and Afters. | Wood Centre Force and Afters. |
|---|
| | Spacing Centre to Centre | Spacing Centre to Centre |
|---|
| | 3' 0" | 4' 0" | 5' 0" | 3' 0" | 4' 0" | 5' 0" |
|---|
| | D | B | D | B | D | B | D | B | D | B | D | B |
|---|
| | ins. | ins. | ins. | ins. | ins. | ins. | ins. | ins. | ins. | ins. | ins. | ins. |
|---|
| 6' 0" | 5 | 7 | 5½ | 7 | 6 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 5½ | 5 | 6 | 5 |
| 8' 0" | 6 | 7 | 6½ | 7 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 6½ | 6 | 7 | 6 |
| 10' 0" | 7 | 7 | 7½ | 7 | 8 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 7½ | 7 | 8 | 7 |
XII Carriers or sockets
Carriers or sockets for hatchway beams and fore-and-afters are to be of steel at least ½ inch thick, and are to have a width of bearing surface of at least 3 inchesXIII Cleats
Strong cleats at least 2½ inches wide are to be fitted at intervals of not more than 2 feet from centre to center the end cleats are to be placed not more than 6 inches from each corner of the hatchway.XIV Battens and wedges
Battens and wedges are to be efficient and in good condition.XV Tarpaulins
At least two tarpaulins in good condition, thoroughly waterproofed and of ample strength, are to be provided for each hatchway in an exposed position on freeboard and superstructure decks. The material is to be guaranteed free from jute, and of the standard weight and quality laid down by each Administration.XVI Security of hatchway covers
At all hatchways in exposed positions on freeboard and superstructure decks ring bolts or other fittings for lashings are to be provided.Where the breadth of the hatchway exceeds 60 per cent, of the breadth of the deck in way of the hatchway, and the coamings are required to be 24 inches high, fittings for special lashings are to be provided for securing the hatchway covers after the tarpaulins are battened down.XVII Cargo and other hatchways in the freeboard deck within superstructures which are fitted with closing appliances less efficient than class 1
The construction and fitting of such hatchways are to be at least equivalent to the standards laid down in Rule XVIII.XVIII Hatchway coamings and closing arrangements
Cargo, coaling and other hatchway in the freeboard deck within superstructures which are fitted with Class 2 closing appliances are to have coamings at least 9 inches in height and closing arrangements as effective as those required for exposed cargo hatchways whose coamings are 18 inches high.Where the closing appliances are less efficient than Class 2, the hatchways are to have coamings at least 18 inches in height, and are to have fittings and loosing arrangements as effective as those required for exposed cargo hatchways.XIX Machinery space openings in exposed positions a freeboard and raised quarter decks
Such openings are to be properly framed and efficiently enclosed by steel casings of ample strength, and where the casings are not protected by other structures their strength is to be specially considered. Doors in such casings are to be of steel, efficiently stiffened, permanently attached, and capable of being closed and secured from both sides. The sills of openings are to be at least 24 inches above the freeboard deck and at least 18 inches above the raised quarter deck.Fiddley, funnel, and ventilator coamings are to be as high above the deck as is reasonable and practicable. Fiddley openings are to have strong steel covers permanently attached in their proper positions.XX Machinery space openings in exposed positions on superstructure decks other than raised quarter decks
Such openings are to be properly framed and efficiently enclosed by strong steel casings. Doom in such cases are to be strongly constructed, permanently attached, and capable of being closed and secured from both sides. The sills of the openings are to be at least 15 inches above superstructure decksFiddley, funnel and ventilator coamings are to be as high above the deck as is reasonable and practicable. Fiddley openings are to have strong steel covers permanently attached in their proper positions.XXI Machinery space openings in the freeboard deck within superstructures which are fitted with closing appliances less efficient than Class 1
Such openings are to be properly framed and efficiently enclosed by steel casings. Doors in such casings are to be strongly constructed, permanently attached, and capable of being securely closed. The sills of the openings are to be at least 9 inches above the deck where the superstructures are closed by Class 2 closing appliances, and at least 15 inches above the deck whore the closing appliances are less efficient than Class 2.XXII Flush bunker scuttles
Flush bunker scuttles may be fitted in superstructure decks, and where so fitted are to be of iron or steel, of substantial construction, with screw or bayonet joints. Where a scuttle is not secured by hinges, a permanent chain attachment is to be provided. The position of flush bunker scuttles in small ships in special trades is to be dealt with by each Assigning Authority.XXIII Companionways
Companion ways in exposed positions on freeboard decks and on decks of enclosed superstructures are to be of substantial construction. The sills of the doorways are to be of the heights specified for hatchway coamings. (See Rules IX and XVIII.) The doors are to be strongly constructed and capable of being closed and secured from both sides. Where the companionway is situated within a quarter of the ship’s length from the stem, it is to be of steel and riveted to the deck plating.XXIV Ventilators in exposed positions on freeboard and superstructure decks
Such ventilators to spaces below freeboard decks or decks of superstructures which are intact or fitted with Class 1 closing appliances are to have coamings of steel, substantially constructed, and efficiently connected to the deck by rivets spaced four diameters apart centre to centre, or by equally effective means. The deck plating at the base of the coaming is to be efficiently stiffened between the deck beams. The ventilator openings are to be provided with efficient closing arrangements.Where such ventilators are situated on the freeboard deck, or on the superstructure deck within a quarter of the ship’s length from the stem, and the closing arrangements are of a temporary character, the coamings are to be at least 36 inches in height; in other exposed positions on the superstructure deck they are to be at least 30 inches in height. Where the coamings of any ventilator exceed 36 inches in height, it is to be specially supported and secured.XXV Air pipes
Where the air pipes to ballast and other tanks extend above freeboard or superstructure decks, the exposed parts of the pipes are to be of substantial construction; the height from the deck to the opening is to be at least 36 inches in wells on freeboard decks, 30 inches on raised quarter-decks, and 18 inches on other superstructure decks. Satisfactory means are to be provided for closing the openings of the air pipes.Openings in the sides of ships
XXVI Gangway, cargo and coaling ports, etc.
Openings in the sides of ships below the freeboard deck are to be fitted with watertight doors or covers which, with their securing appliances, are to be of sufficient strength.XXVII Scuppers and sanitary discharge pipes
Discharges led through the ship’s sides from spaces below the freeboard deck ere to be fitted with efficient and accessible means for preventing water from passing inboard. Each separate discharge may have an automatic non-return valve with a positive means of closing it from a position above the freeboard deck, or two automatic non-return valves without positive means of closing, provided the upper valve is situated so that it is always accessible for examination under service conditions. The positive action valve is to be readily accessible and is to be provided with means for showing whether the valve is open or closed. Cast iron is not to be accepted for such valves where attached to the sides of the ship.Conditional upon the type and the location of the inboard ends of such openings, similar provisions may be prescribed by the Assigning Authority as to discharges from spaces within enclosed superstructures.Where scuppers are fitted in superstructures not fitted with Class 1 closing appliances they are to have efficient means for preventing the accidental admission of water below the freeboard deck.XXVIII Side scuttles
Side scuttles to spaces below the freeboard deck or to spaces below the superstructure deck of superstructures closed by Class 1 or Class 2 closing appliances are to be fitted with efficient inside deadlights permanently attached in their proper positions so that they can be effectively closed and secured watertight.Where, however, such spaces in superstructures are appropriated to passengers other than steerage passengers or to crew, the side scuttles may have portable deadlights stowed adjacent to the side scuttles, provided they are readily accessible at all times on service.The side scuttles and deadlights are to be of substantial and approved construction.XXIX Guard rails
Efficient guard rails or bulwarks are to be fitted on all exposed portions of freeboard and superstructure decks.XXX Freeing ports
Where bulwarks on the weather portions of freeboard or superstructure decks form “wells” ample provision is to be made for rapidly freeing the decks of water and for draining them. The minimum freeing port area on each side of the ship for each well on the free board deck and on the raised quarter-deck is to be that given by the following scale; the minimum area for each well on any other superstructure deck is to be one-half the area given by the scale. Where the length of the well exceeds 7L, the scale may be modified.Scale of freeing port area
| Length of Bulwarks in “Well” in Feet | Freeing Port Area on each side in Square Feet |
|---|
| 15 | 8-0 |
| 20 | 8-5 |
| 25 | 9-0 |
| 30 | 9-5 |
| 35 | 10-0 |
| 40 | 10-5 |
| 45 | 11-0 |
| 50 | 11-5 |
| 55 | 12-0 |
| 60 | 12-5 |
| 65 | 130 |
| Above 65 | 1 square foot for each additional 5 feet length of bulwark. |
XXXI Protection of crew
Gangways, lifelines or other satisfactory means are to be provided for the protection of the crew in getting to and from their quarters. The strength of house B for the accommodation of crew on flush deck steamers is to be equivalent to that required for superstructure bulkheads.Part III – Load line for steamers
XXXII Length (L.)
The length used with the Rules and Freeboard Table is the length in feet on the summer load water-line from the foreside of the stem to the after side of the rudder post. Where there is no rudder post, the length is measured from the foreside of the stem to the axis of the rudder stock. For ships with cruiser stems, the length is to be taken as 96 per cent, of the total length on the designed summer load water-line or as the length from the foreside of the stem to the axis of the rudder stock if that be the greater.XXXIII Breadth (B)
The breadth is the maximum breadth in feet amidships to the moulded line of the frame in iron or steel ships, and to the outside of the planking in wood or composite ships.XXXIV Moulded depth
The moulded depth is the vertical distance in feet, measured amidships, from the top of the keel to the top of the freeboard deck beam at side. In wood and composite ships the distance is measured from the lower edge of the keel rabbet. Where the form at the lower part of the midship section is of a hollow character, or where thick garboards are fitted, the depth is measured from the point where the line of the flat of the bottom continued inwards cuts the side of the keel.XXXV Depth for Freeboard (D)
The depth used with the Freeboard Table is the moulded depth plus the thickness of stringer plate, or plus 
if that be greater, where—T is the mean thickness of the exposed deck clear of deck openings, and 8 is the total length of superstructures as defined in Rule XL.Where the topsides are of unusual form, D is the depth of a midship section having vertical topsides, standard round of beam and area of topside section equal to that in the actual midship section. Where there is a step or break in the topsides (e.g., as in the Turret Deck ship) 70 per cent, of the area above the step or break is included in the area used to determine the equivalent section.In a ship without an enclosed superstructure covering at least 6 L amidships, without a complete trunk or without a combination of intact partial superstructures and trunk extending all fore and aft, where D is less than L/10, the depth used with the Table is not to be taken as less than L/10.XXXVI Coefficient of fineness (o)
The coefficient of fineness used with the Freeboard Table is given by—
where Δ is the ship’s moulded displacement in tons (excluding bossing) at a mean moulded draught d1 which is 85 per cent, of the moulded depth.The coefficient c is not to be taken as less than .68.XXXVII Strength
The Assigning Authority is to be satisfied with the structural strength of ships to which freeboards are assigned. Ships which comply with the highest standard of the rules of a Classification Society recognized by the Administration, shall be regarded as having sufficient strength for the minimum freeboards allowed under the Rules.Ships which do not comply with the highest standard of the rules of a Classification Society recognized by the Administration, shall be assigned such increased freeboards as shall be determined by the Assigning Authority, and for guidance the following strength moduli are formulated:—Material—The strength moduli are based on the assumption that the structure is built of mild steel, manufactured by the open hearth process (acid or basic), and having a tensile strength of 26 to 32 tons per square inch, and an elongation of at least 16 per cent, on a length of 8 inches.Strength Deck—The strength deck is the uppermost deck which is incorporated into and forms an integral part of the longitudinal girder within the half-length amidships.Depth to Strength Deck (Ds)—The depth to strength deck is the vertical distance in feet amidships from the top of the keel to the top of the strength deck beam at side.Draught (d)—The draught is the vertical distance in feet amidships from the top of the keel to the centre of the disc.Longitudinal modulus—The longitudinal modulus I/y is the moment of inertia I of the midship section about the neutral axis divided by the distance y pleasured from the neutral axis to the top of the strength deck beam at side, calculated in way of openings but without deductions for rivet holes. Areas are measured in square inches and distances in feet.Below the strength deck, all continuous longitudinal members other than such parts of under deck girders as are required entirely for supporting purposes, are included. Above the strength deck, the gunwale angle bar and the extension of the sheer strake are the only members included.The required longitudinal modulus for effective material is expressed by f.d.B., where f is the factor obtained from the following table:—| L. | f. | L. | f. |
|---|
| 100 | 1-80 | 360 | 9-40 |
| 120 | 2-00 | 380 | 10-30 |
| 140 | 2-35 | 400 | 11-20 |
| 160 | 2-70 | 420 | 12-15 |
| 180 | 3-15 | 440 | 13-10 |
| 200 | 3-60 | 460 | 14-15 |
| 220 | 4-20 | 480 | 15-15 |
| 240 | 4-80 | 500 | 16-25 |
| 260 | 5-45 | 520 | 17-35 |
| 280 | 6-20 | 540 | 18-45 |
| 300 | 6-95 | 560 | 19-60 |
| 320 | 7-70 | 580 | 20-80 |
| 340 | 8-55 | 600 | 22-00 |
s is the frame spacing in inches.t is the vertical distance in feet measured at amidships from the top of the keel to a point midway between the top of the inner bottom at side and the top of the heel bracket (see figure 2); where there is no double bottom, t is measured to a point midway between the top of the floor at centre and the top of the floor at side.f1 is a coefficient depending on H, which, in ships fitted with double bottoms, is the vertical distance in feet from the middle of the beam bracket of the lowest tier of beams at side to a point midway between the top of the inner bottom at side and the top of the heel bracket. (See figure 2.) Where there is no double bottom, H is measured to a point midway between the top of the floor at centre and the top of the floor at side. Where the frame obtains additional strength from the form of the ship, due allowance is made in the value of f1f2 is a coefficient depending on K, which is the vertical distance in feet from the top of the lowest tier of beams at side to a point 7 feet 6 inches above the freeboard deck at side, or, if there is superstructure, to a point 12 feet 6 inches above the freeboard deck at side. (See figure 2.) The values of f1, and f2 are obtained from the following tables:—| H in feet | 0 | 7 | 9 | 11 | 13 | 15 | 17 | 19 | 21 | 23 | 25 |
| f2 | 9 | 11 | 12.5 | 15 | 19 | 24 | 29.5 | 36 | 43 | 51 | 59 |
| K in feet | 0 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | 35 | 40 |
| f3 | 0 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 4.5 | 6.5 | 9.0 | 12.0 |
FIGURE 2.Superstructures
XXXVIII Height of superstructure
The height of a superstructure is the least vertical height measured from the top of the superstructure deck to the top of the freeboard deck beams minus the difference between D and the moulded depth. (See Rules XXXIV and XXXV.)XXXIX Standard height of superstructure
The standard height of a raised quarter deck is 3 feet for ships up to and including 100 feet in length, 4 feet for ships 250 feet in length and 6 feet for ships 400 feet in length and above. The standard height of any other superstructure is 6 feet for ships up to and including 250 feet in length and 7 feet 6 inches for ships 400 feet in length and above. The standard height at intermediate lengths is obtained by interpolation.XL Length of superstructure (S)
The length of a superstructure is the mean covered length of the parts of the superstructure which extend to the sides of the ship and lie within lines drawn perpendicular to the extremities of the summer load water-line, as defined in Rule XXXII.XLI Enclosed superstructure
A detached superstructure is regarded as enclosed only where—(a)the enclosing bulkheads are of efficient construction (see Rule XLII);(b)the access openings in these bulkheads are fitted with Class I or Class 2 closing appliances (see Rules XLIII and XLIV);(c)all other openings in sides or ends of the superstructure are fitted with efficient weathertight means of closing; and(d)Independent means of access to crew, machinery, hunker and other working spaces within bridges and poops are at all times available when the bulkhead openings are closed.XLII Superstructure bulkheads
Bulkheads at exposed ends of poops, bridges and forecastles are deemed to be of efficient construction where the Assigning Authority is satisfied that, in the circumstances, they are equivalent to the following standard for ships with minimum freeboards under which standard the stiffeners and plating are of the scantlings given in Table 3, the stiffeners are spaced 30 inches apart, the stiffeners on poop and bridge front bulkheads have efficient end connections, and those on after bulkheads of bridges and forecastles extend for the whole distance between the margin angles of the bulkheads.Table 3 – Exposed Bulkheads of superstructures of standard height
| Bridge Front Bulkheads Unprotected Bulkheads of Poops 4 L or more in Length | Bulkheads of Poops Partially Protected or less in Length than 4 L | After Bulkheads of Bridges and Forecaaestles |
|---|
| Length of Ship | Bulb Angle Stiffeners | Length of Ship | Plain Angle Stiffeners | Length of Ship | Plain Angle Stiffeners |
|---|
| Feet | Inches | Feet | Inches | Feet | Inches |
|---|
| Under 160 | 5½ x 3 x 30 | Under 150 | 3 x 2½ x 30 | Under 150 | 2½ x 2½ x 26 |
| 160 | 6 x 3 x 32 | 150 | 3½ x 2½ x 32 | 150 | 3 x 2½ x 28 |
| 200 | 6½ x 3 x 34 | 200 | 4 x 3 x 34 | 250 | 3½ x 3 x 30 |
| 240 | 7 x 3 x 36 | 250 | 4½ x 3 x 36 | 350 | 4 x 3 x 32 |
| 280 | 7½ x 3 x 38 | 300 | 5 x 3 x 38 | | |
| 320 | 8 x 3 x 40 | 350 | 5½ x 3 x 42 | | |
| 360 | 8½ x 3 x 42 | 400 | 6 x 3 x 44 | | |
| 400 | 9 x 3 x 44 | 450 | 6½ x 3½ x 46 | | |
| 440 | 9½ x 3½ x 46 | 500 | 7 x 3½ x 48 | | |
| 480 | 10 x 3½ x 48 | 550 | 7 x 3½ x 50 | | |
| 520 | 10½ x 3½ x 50 | | | | |
| 560 | 11 x 3½ x 52 | | | | |
| Length of Ship | Bulkhead Plating | Length of Ship | Bulkhead Plating | Length of Ship | Bulkhead Plating |
|---|
| Feet | Inches | Feet | Inches | Feet | Inches |
|---|
| 200 and under | 3 | 160 and under | 24 | 160 and under | 20 |
| 380 and above. | 44 | 400 and above | 38 | 400 and above | 30 |
Appliances for closing access openings in bulkheads at ends of detached superstructures
XLIII Class 1 closing appliances
These appliances are of iron and steel, are in all cases permanently and strongly attached to the bulkhead, are framed, stiffened and fitted so that the whole structure is of equivalent strength to the unpaired bulkhead, and are watertight when closed. The means for securing these appliances are permanently attached to the bulkhead or to the appliances, and the latter are so arranged that they can be closed and secured from both sides of the bulkhead or from the deck above. The sills of the access openings are at least 15 inches above the deck.XLIV Class 2 closing appliances
These appliances are (a) strongly framed hard wood hinged doors, which are not more than 30 inches wide nor less than 2 inches thick; or (b) shifting boards fitted for the full height of the opening in channels riveted to the bulkhead, the shifting boards being at least 2 inches thick where the width of opening is 30 inches or less, and increased in thickness at the rate of 1 inch for each additional 15 inches of width, or (c) portable plates of equal efficiency.XLV Temporary appliances for closing openings in superstructure decks
Temporary closing appliances for middle line openings in the deck of an enclosed superstructure consist of—(a)a steel coaming not less than 9 inches in height efficiently riveted to the deck;(b)hatchway covers as required by Rule X, secured by hemp lashings; and(c)hatchway supports as required by Rules XI and XII, and Table 1 or 2.Effective length of detached superstructures
XLVI General
Where exposed bulkheads at the ends of poops, bridges, and forecastles are not of efficient construction (see Rule XLII) they are considered as non-existent.Where in the side-plating of a superstructure there is an opening not provided with permanent means of closing, the part of the superstructure in way of the opening is regarded as having no effective length.Where the height of a superstructure is less than the standard, its length is reduced in the ratio of the actual to the standard height. Where the height exceeds the standard, no increase is made in the length of the superstructure.XLVII Poop
Where there is an efficient bulkhead and the access openings are fitted with Class 1 closing appliances, the length to the bulkhead is effective. Where the access openings in an efficient bulkhead are fitted with Class 2 closing appliances and the length to the bulkhead is 5 L or less, 100 per cent, of that length is effective where the length is 7L or more, 90 per cent, of that length is effective; where the length is between 5 L and 7 L, an intermediate percentage of that length is effective; where an allowance is given for an efficient adjacent trunk (see Rule LI) 90 per cent, of the length to the bulkhead is to be taken as effective, 50 per cent, of the length of an open poop or of an open extension beyond an efficient bulkhead is effective.XLVIII Raised quarter deck
Where there is an efficient intact bulkhead, the length to the bulkhead is effective. Where the bulkhead is not intact, the superstructure is considered as a poop of less than standard height.XLIX Bridge
Where there is an efficient bulkhead at each end, and the access openings in the bulkheads are fitted with Class I closing appliances, the length between the bulkheads is effective.Where the access openings in the forward bulkhead are fitted with Class 1 closing appliances and the access openings in the after bulkhead with Class 2 closing appliances, the length between the bulkheads is effective; where an allowance is given for an efficient trunk, adjacent to the after bulkhead (see Rule LI), 90 per cent, of the length is effective. Where the access openings in both bulkheads are fitted with Class 2 closing appliances, 90 per cent, of the length between the bulkheads is effective. Where the access openings in the forward bulkhead are fitted with Class 1 or Class 2 closing appliances and the access openings in the after bulkhead have no closing appliances, 75 per cent, of the length between the bulkheads is effective. Where the access openings in both bulkheads have no closing appliances, 50 per cent, of the length is effective, 75 per cent, of the length of an open extension beyond the after bulkhead, and 50 per cent, of that beyond the forward bulkhead, are effective.L Forecastle
Where there is an efficient bulkhead and the access openings are fitted with Class 1 or Class 2 closing appliances, the length to the bulkhead is effective. Where no closing appliances are fitted and the sheer forward of amidships is not less than the standard sheer, 100 per cent, of the length of the forecastle forward of 1 L from the forward perpendicular is effective; where the sheer forward is half the standard sheer or less, 50 per cent, of that length is effective; and where the sheer forward is intermediate between the standard and half the standard sheer, an intermediate percentage of that length is effective, 50 per cent, of the length of an open extension beyond the bulkhead or beyond •IL from the forward perpendicular is effective.LI Trunk
A trunk or similar structure which does not extend to the sides of the ship is regarded as efficient provided that—(a)the trunk is at least as strong as a superstructure;(b)the hatchways are in the trunk deck, and comply with the requirements of Rules VIII to XVI, and the width of the trunk deck stringer provides a satisfactory gangway and sufficient lateral stiffness;(c)a permanent working platform fore and aft fitted with guard rails is provided by the trunk deck, or by detached trunks connected to other superstructures by efficient permanent gangways;(d)ventilators are protected by the trunk, by watertight covers or by equivalent means;(e)open rails are fitted on the weather portions of the freeboard deck in way of the trunk for at least half their length;(f)the machinery casings are protected by the trunk, by a superstructure of standard height, or by a deck house of the same height and of equivalent strength.Where access openings in poop and bridge bulkheads are fitted with Class 1 closing appliances, 100 per cent, of the length of an efficient trunk reduced in the ratio of its mean breadth to B is added to the effective length of the superstructures. Where the access openings in these bulkheads are not fitted with Class 1 closing appliances 90 per cent, is added.The standard height of a trunk is the standard height of a bridge.Where the height of the trunk is less than the standard height of a bridge, the addition is reduced in the ratio of the actual to the standard height; where the height of hatchway coamings on the trunk deck is less than the standard height of coamings (see Rule IX), a reduction from the actual height of trunk is to be made which corresponds to the difference between the actual and the standard height of coamings.Effective length of enclosed superstructures with middle line openings
LII Enclosed superstructure with middle line openings in the deck not provided with permanent means of closing
Where there is an enclosed superstructure with one or more middle line openings in the deck not provided with permanent means of closing (see Rules VIII to XVI), tile effective length of the superstructure is determined as follows:—(1)Where efficient temporary closing appliances are not provided for the middle line deck openings (see Rule XLV), or the breadth of opening is 80 per cent, or more of the breadth B of the superstructure deck at the middle of the opening, the ship is considered as having an open well in way of each opening, and freeing ports are to be provided in way of this well. The effective length of superstructure between openings is governed By Rules XLVII, XLIX and L.(2)Where efficient temporary closing appliances are provided for middle line deck openings and the breadth of opening is less than -8 B1, the effective length is governed by Rules XLVII, XLIX and L, except that where access openings in ’tween deck bulkheads are closed by Class 2 closing appliances, they are regarded as being closed by Class I closing appliances in determining the effective length. The total effective length is obtained by adding to the length determined by (I) the difference between this length and the length of the ship modified in the ratio of—
Deductions for superstructures
LIII Deductions for superstructures
Where the effective length of superstructures is 1.0 L, the deduction from the freeboard is 14 inches at 80 feet length of ship, 34 inches at 280 feet length, and 42 inches at 400 feet length and above; deductions at intermediate lengths are obtained by interpolation. Where the total effective length of superstructures is less than 1.0 L the deduction is a percentage obtained from the following Table:—| Type of superstructures | Total Effective Length of Superstructure (E) | Line |
|---|
| 0 | .1L | .2L | .3L | .4L | .5L | .6L | .7L | .8L | .9L | 1.0L |
|---|
| | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | |
| All types with forecastle and without detached bridge | 0 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 23.5 | 32 | 46 | 63 | 75.3 | 87.7 | 100 | A |
| All types with forecastle and detached bridge* | 0 | 6.3 | 12.7 | 19 | 27.5 | 36 | 46 | 63 | 75.3 | 87.7 | 100 | B |
*Where the effective length of a detached bridge is less than .2L the percentages are obtained by interpolation between B and A.Where no forecastle is fitted the above percentages are reduced by 5.Percentages for intermediate lengths of superstructures are obtained by interpolation.Sheer
LIV General
The sheer is measured from the deck at side to a line of reference drawn parallel to the keel through the sheer line at amidships.In ships designed to trim by the stern in service, the sheer may be measured in relation to the load line, provided an additional mark is placed at 25L forward of amidships, to indicate the assigned load line. This mark is to be similar to the load line disc amidships.In flush deck ships and in ships with detached superstructures the sheer is measured at the freeboard deck.In ships with topsides of unusual form in which there is a step or break in the topsides, the sheer is considered in relation to the equivalent depth amidships. (See Rule XXXV.)In ships with a superstructure of standard height which extends over the whole length of the freeboard deck, the sheer is measured at the superstructure deck; where the height exceeds the standard the sheer may be considered in relation to the standard height.Where a superstructure is intact or access openings in its enclosing bulkheads are fitted with Class 1 closing appliances, and the superstructure deck has at least the same sheer as the exposed freeboard deck, the sheer of the enclosed portion of the freeboard deck is not taken into account.LV Standard sheer profile
The ordinates (in inches) of the standard sheer profile are given in the following table, where L is the number of feet in the length of the ship:—| Station | Ordinate | Factor |
|---|
| A.P. | 1L + 10 | 1 |
| 1/6 L from A.P. | 0445 L + 4.45 | 4 |
| 1/3 L from A.P. | 011 + 1.1 | 2 |
| Amidships | 0 | 3 |
| 1/6 L from F.P. | 022 L + 2.2 | 2 |
| 1/3 L from F.P. | 089 L + 8.9 | 3 |
| F.P. | 2 L + 20 | 1 |
LVI Measurement of variations from standard sheer profile
Where the sheer profile differs from the standard, the seven ordinates of each profile are multiplied by the appropriate factors given in the table of ordinates. The difference between the sums of the respective products, divided by eighteen, measures the deficiency or excess of sheer. Where the after half of the sheer profile is greater than the standard and the forward half is less than the standard, no credit is allowed for the part in excess and the deficiency only is measured.Where the forward half of the sheer profile exceeds the standard, and the after portion of the sheer profile is not less than 75 per cent, of the standard, credit is allowed for the part in excess; where the after part is less than 50 per cent, of the standard no credit is given for the excess sheer forward. Where the after sheer is between 50 per cent, and 75 per cent, of the standard, intermediate allowances may be granted for excess sheer forward.LVII Correction for variations from standard sheer profile
The correction for sheer is the deficiency or excess of sheer. (See Rule LVI), multiplied by .75 - 8/2L, where S is the total length of superstructure, as defined in Rule XL.LVIII Addition for deficiency in sheer
Where the sheer is less than the standard, the correction for deficiency in sheer (see Rule LVII) is added to the freeboard.LIX Deduction for excess sheer
In flush deck ships and in ships where an enclosed superstructure covers 1 L before and 1 L abaft amidships, the correction for excess of sheer (see Rule LVII) is deducted from the freeboard; in ships with detached superstructures where no unclosed superstructure covers amidships, no deduction is made from the freeboard; where an enclosed superstructure covers less than 1 L before and 1 L abaft amidships, the deduction is obtained by interpolation. The maximum deduction for excess sheer is 1½ inches at 100 feet and increases at the rate of 1½ inches for each additional 100 feet in the length of the ship.Round of beam
LX Standard round of beam
The standard round of beam of the freeboard deck is one-fiftieth of the breadth of the ship.LXI Round of beam correction
Where the round of beam of the freeboard deck is greater or less than the standard, the freeboard is decreased or increased respectively by one-fourth of the difference between the actual and the standard round of beam, multiplied by the proportion of the length of the freeboard deck not covered by enclosed superstructures. Twice the standard round of beam is the maximum for which allowance is given.Minimum freeboards
LXII Summer freeboard
The minimum freeboard in Summer is the freeboard derived from the Freeboard Table after corrections for departures from the standards and after deduction for superstructures.The freeboard in salt water measured from the intersection of the upper surface of the freeboard deck with the outer surface of the shell is not to be less than 2 inches.LXIII Tropical freeboard
The minimum freeboard in the Tropical Zone is the freeboard obtained by a deduction from the Summer freeboard of £ inch per foot of Summer draught measured from the top of the keel to the centre of the disc.The freeboard in salt water measured from the intersection of the upper surface of the freeboard deck with the outer surface of the shell is not to be less than 2 inches.LXIV Winter freeboard
The minimum freeboard in Winter is the freeboard obtained by an addition to the Summer freeboard of 1 inch per foot of Summer draught, measured from the top of the keel to the centre of the disc.LXV Winter North Atlantic freeboard
The minimum freeboard for ships not exceeding 330 feet in length on voyages across the North Atlantic, North of latitude 36° N., during the winter months, is the Winter freeboard plus 2 inches; for ships over 330 feet in length it is the Winter freeboard.LXVI Fresh water freeboard
The minimum freeboard in fresh water of unit density is the freeboard obtained by deducting from the minimum freeboard in salt water 
inches, where∆ = displacement in salt water in tons at the summer load waterline, andT = tons per inch immersion in salt water at the summer load water-line.Where the displacement at the summer load water-line cannot be certified, the deduction is to be ½ inch per foot of Summer draught measured from the top of the keel to the centre of the disc.LXVII Freeboard table for steamers
Basic Minimum Summer freeboards for Steamers which Comply with the Standards Laid Down in the Rules.| L | Freeboard | L | Freeboard | L | Freeboard | L | Freeboard |
|---|
| (Feet) | (Inches) | (Feet) | (Inches) | (Feet) | (Inches) | (Feet) | (Inches) |
|---|
| 80 | 8-0 | 250 | 32-3 | 420 | 77-8 | 590 | 127-0 |
| 90 | 9-0 | 260 | 34-4 | 430 | 80-9 | 600 | 129-5 |
| 100 | 10-0 | 270 | 36-5 | 440 | 84-0 | 610 | 132-0 |
| 110 | 11-0 | 280 | 38-7 | 450 | 87-1 | 620 | 134-4 |
| 120 | 1.2-0 | 290 | 41-0 | 460 | 90-2 | 630 | 136-8 |
| 130 | 13-0 | 300 | 43-4 | 470 | 93-3 | 640 | 139-1 |
| 140 | 14-2 | 310 | 45-9 | 480 | 96-3 | 650 | 141-4 |
| 150 | 15-5 | 320 | 48-4 | 490 | 99-3 | 660 | 143-7 |
| 160 | 16-9 | 330 | 51-0 | 500 | 102-3 | 670 | 145-9 |
| 170 | 18-3 | 340 | 53-7 | 510 | 105-2 | 680 | 148-1 |
| 180 | 19-8 | 350 | 56-5 | 520 | 108-1 | 690 | 150-2 |
| 190 | 21-4 | 360 | 59-4 | 530 | 110-9 | 700 | 152-3 |
| 200 | 23-1 | 370 | 62-4 | 540 | 113-7 | 710 | 154-4 |
| 210 | 24-8 | 380 | 65-4 | 550 | 116-4 | 720 | 156-4 |
| 220 | 26-6 | 390 | 68-4 | 560 | 119-1 | 730 | 158-5 |
| 230 | 28-5 | 400 | 71-5 | 570 | 121-8 | 740 | 160-5 |
| 240 | 30-3 | 410 | 74-6 | 580 | 124-4 | 750 | 162-5 |
.png)
(iv)Where D exceeds a.png)
the freeboard is increased by b.png)
R inches, where R is L/130 at lengths loss than 390 feet, and 3 at 390 feet length and above.In a ship with an enclosed superstructure covering at least .6 L amidships, with a complete trunk, or with a combination of intact partial superstructures and trunk which extends all fore and aft, where D is less than L/15, the freeboard is reduced at the above rate. Where the height of superstructures or trunk is less than the standard height, the reduction is in the ratio of the actual to the standard height.(v)Where the actual depth to the surface of the freeboard deck amidships is greater or less than D, the difference between the depths (in inches) is added to or deducted from the freeboard.Part IV – Load lines for sailing ships
LXVIII Lines to be used in connection with the disc
Winter and Tropical load lines are not marked on sailing ships. The maximum load line to which sailing ships may be laden in salt water in Winter and in the Tropical Zone is the centre of the disc. (See Figure 3.)
LXIX Conditions of assignment of load line
The conditions of assignment are those contained in Part II of these Rules.LXX Computation of freeboard
Freeboards are computed from the Freeboard Table for Sailing Ships in the same manner as the freeboards for steamers are computed from the Freeboard Table for Steamers, except as follows:—LXXI Depth for freeboard (D)
In sailing ships having a greater rate of rise of floor than 1½ inches per foot, the vertical distance from the top of keel (Rule XXXIV), is reduced by half the difference between the total rise of floor at the half breadth of the ship and the total rise at 1½ inches per foot. Two-and-a-half inches per foot of half-breadth is the maximum rate of rise for which a deduction is made.Where the form at the lower part of the midship section is of a hollow character, or thick garboards are fitted, the depth is measured from the point where the line of the flat of the bottom continued inwards cuts the side of the keel.The depth used with the Freeboard Table is to be taken as not less than L/12.LXXII Coefficient of fineness (c)
Tire coefficient used with the Freeboard Table is to be taken as not less than 62 and not greater than 72.LXXIII Superstructures in wood ships
In wood ships the construction and closing arrangements of superstructures for which deductions are made from the freeboard are to be to the satisfaction of the Assigning Authority.LXXIV Deductions for superstructures
Where the effective length of superstructures is 1.0 L, the deduction from the freeboard is 3 inches at 80 feet length of ship, and 28 inches at 330 feet length and above; deductions at intermediate lengths are obtained by interpolation. Where the total effective length of superstructures is less than 1.0 L, the deduction is a percentage obtained from the following table:—| Total effective length of superstructures (E) |
|---|
| Type of superstructures | 0 | .1L | .2L | .3L | .4L | .5L | .6L | .7L | .8L | .9L | 1.0L | Line |
|---|
| All types without bridges | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | |
|---|
| 0 | 7 | 13 | 17 | 23.5 | 30 | 47 1/2 | 70 | 80 | 90 | 100 | A |
| All types with bridge* | 0 | 7 | 14.7 | 22 | 32 | 42 | 56 | 70 | 80 | 90 | 100 | B |
|---|
*Where the effective length of bridge is less than -2 L, the percentages are obtained by interpolation between lines B and A.Percentages for intermediate lengths of superstructures are obtained by interpolation.LXXV Minimum freeboards
No addition to the freeboard is required for Winter freeboard, nor is a deduction permitted for Tropical freeboard.An increase in freeboard of 3 inches is made for voyages across the North Atlantic North of latitude 36° N. during the winter months.In computing the fresh water freeboard for a wood ship, the draught is measured from the lower edge of the rabbet of keel to the centre of the disc.LXXVI Freeboard table for sailing ships
Minimum Summer, Winter and Tropical Freeboards for Iron and Steel Flush Deck Sailing Ships, which comply with the Standards laid down in the Rules.| L | Freeboard | L | Freeboard | L | Freeboard | L | Freeboard |
|---|
| (Feet) | (Inches) | (Feet) | (Inches) | (Feet) | (Inches) | (Feet) | (Inches) |
|---|
| 80 | 9·2 | 140 | 21·3 | 200 | 35·4 | 270 | 53·5 |
| 90 | ll.0 | 150 | 23.5 | 210 | 37·9 | 280 | 56·3 |
| 100 | 12.9 | 160 | 25.8 | 220 | 40.4 | 290 | 59.1 |
| 110 | 14.9 | 170 | 28·2 | 230 | 42·9 | 300 | 61·9 |
| 120 | 17·0 | 180 | 30·6 | 240 | 45·5 | 310 | 64·7 |
| 130 | 19·1 | 100 | 33·0 | 250 | 48·1 | 320 | 67·6 |
| | | | | 260 | 50·8 | 330 | 70·5 |
(iii)Where D exceeds 14/12 the freeboard is incressed by
(iv)Where the actual depth to the surface of the freeboard deck amidships is greater or less than D, the difference between the depths (in inches) is added to or deducted from the freeboard.LXXVII Freeboard, for wood sailing ships
The freeboard for a wood sailing ship is the final freeboard the ship would obtain if she were of iron and steel, with the addition of such penalties as the Assigning Authority may determine, having regard to the classification, construction, age and condition of the ship.Wood ships of primitive build such as dhows, junks, prahus, etc., are to be dealt with by the Administration so far as is reasonable and practicable under the Rules for Sailing Ships.Part V – Load links for steamers carrying timber deck cargoes
Definitions
Timber Deck Cargo—The term “timber deck cargo" means a cargo of timber carried on an uncovered part of a freeboard or superstructure deck. The term does not include wood pulp or similar cargo.Timber Load Line—A timber load line is a special load line to be used only when the ship is carrying a timber deck cargo in compliance with the following conditions and regulations:—LXXVIII Marks on the ship's sides
Timber Load Lines — The lines which indicate the maximum timber load lines in different circumstances and at different seasons are to be horizontal lines, 9 inches in length and 1 inch in breadth, which extend from, and are at right angles to, a vertical line marked 21 inches abaft the centre of the disc. (See Figure 4.) They are to be marked and verified similarly to the ordinary load lines. (See Rules V to VII.)The Summer Timber Load Line is indicated by the upper edge of a line marked LS.The Winter Timber Load Line is indicated by the upper edge of a line marked LW.The Winter North Atlantic Timber Load Line is indicated by the upper edge of a line marked LWNA.The Tropical Timber Load Line is indicated by the upper edge of a line marked LT.The Fresh Water Timber Load Line in summer is indicated by the upper edge of a line marked LF. The difference between the Fresh Water Timber load line in summer and the Summer Timber load line is the allowance to be made for loading in fresh water at the other Timber load lines. The fresh water timber load line in the Tropical Zone is indicated by the upper edge of a line marked LTF.**Where seagoing steamers navigate a river or inland water, deeper loading is permitted corresponding to the weight of fuel, etc., required for consumption between the point of departure and the open sea..jpg)
Supplementary conditions of assignment and regulations for deeper loading
LXXIX Construction of ship
The structure of the ship is to be of sufficient strength for the deeper draught allowed and for the weight of the deck cargo.LXXX Superstructures
The ship is to have a forecastle of at least standard height and at least 7 per cent, of the length of the ship, and, in addition, a poop, or a raised quarter deck with a strong steel hood or deck house fitted aft.LXXXI Machinery casings
Machinery casings on the freeboard deck are to be protected by a superstructure of at least standard height, unless the machinery casings are of sufficient strength and height to permit of the carriage of timber alongside.LXXXII Double bottom tanks
Double bottom tanks where fitted within the midship half length of the ship are to have adequate longitudinal subdivision.LXXXIII Bulwarks
The ship must be fitted either with permanent bulwarks at least 3 feet 3 inches high, specially stiffened on the upper edge and supported by strong bulwark stays attached to the deck in the way of the beams and provided with necessary freeing ports, or with efficient rails of the same height as the above and of specially strong construction.LXXXIV Deck openings covered by timber deck cargo
Openings to spaces below the freeboard deck are to be securely closed and battened down. All fittings, such as hatchway beams, fore-and-afters, and covers, are to be in place. Where hold ventilation is needed, the ventilators are to be efficiently protected.LXXXV Stowage
The wells on the freeboard deck are to be filled with timber stowed as solidly as possible, to at least the standard height of a bridge.On a ship within a seasonal winter zone in winter, the height of the deck cargo above the freeboard deck is not to exceed one-third of the extreme breadth of the ship.All timber deck cargo is to be compactly stowed, lashed and secured. It must not interfere in any way with the navigation mid necessary work of the ship, or with the provision of a safe margin of stability at all stages of the voyage, regard being given to additions of weight, such as those due to absorption of water and to losses of weight such as those due to consumption of fuel and stores.LXXXVI Protection of crew, access to machinery space, etc.
Safe and satisfactory access to the quarters of the crew, to the machinery space and to all other parts used in the necessary work of the ship, is to be available at all times. Deck cargo in way of openings which give access to such parts is to be so stowed that the openings can be properly closed and secured against the admission of water.Efficient protection for the crew in the form of guard rails or life-lines, spaced not more than 12 inches apart vertically, is to be provided on each side of the deck cargo to a height of at least 4 feet above the cargo. The cargo is to be made sufficiently level for gangway purposes.LXXXVII Steering arrangements
Steering arrangements are to be effectively protected from damage by cargo, and, as far as practicable, are to be accessible. Efficient provision is to be made for steering in the event of a breakdown in the main steering arrangements.LXXXVIII Uprights
Uprights when required by the nature of the timber are to be of adequate strength and may be of wood or metal; the spacing is to be suitable for the length and character of timber carried, but is not to exceed 10 feet. Strong angles or metal sockets efficiently secured to the stringer plate or equally efficient means are to be provided for securing the uprights.LXXXIX Lashings
Timber deck cargo is to be efficiently secured throughout its length by independent overall lashings spaced not more than 10 feet apart.Eye plates for these lashings are to be riveted to the sheer strake at intervals of not more than 10 feet, the distance from an end bulkhead of a superstructure to the first eye plate being not more than 6 feet 6 inches. Additional eye plates may be fitted on the stringer plate.Overall lashings are to be in good condition and are to be not less than ½ inch close link chain or flexible wire rope of equivalent strength, fitted with slip hooks and stretching screws, which are to be accessible at all times. Wire rope lashings are to have a short length of long link chain to permit the length of lashings to be regulated.When timber is in lengths less than 12 feet, the spacing of the lashings is to be reduced to suit the length of timber or other suitable provision made.When the spacing of the lashings is 5 feet or less, the line of the lashing may be reduced, but not less than ½ inch chain or equivalent wire rope is to be used.All fittings required for securing the lashings are to be of strength corresponding to the strength of the lashings.On superstructure decks, uprights, where fitted, are to be about 10 feet apart and are to be secured by athwartship lashings of ample strength.XC Plans
Plans showing the fittings and arrangements for stowing and securing timber deck cargoes in compliance with the foregoing conditions and regulations are to be submitted to the Assigning Authority.Freeboard
XCI Computation of freeboard
Where the Assigning Authority is satisfied that the ship is suitable and that the conditions and arrangements are at least equal to the foregoing requirements for the carriage of timber deck cargo, the Summer freeboards computed in accordance with the Rules and Tables in Part III may be modified to give special timber freeboards, by substituting the following percentages for those in Rule LIII:—| Total effective length of superstructures |
|---|
| Type of superstructures | 0 | .1L | .2L | .3L | .4L | .5L | .6L | .7L | .8L | .9L | 1.0L |
|---|
| All types | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % |
|---|
| 20 | 30.75 | 41.5 | 52.25 | 63 | 69.25 | 75.5 | 81.5 | 87.5 | 93.75 | 100 |
Part VI – Load lines for tankers
Definition
Tanker.— The term '"tanker” includes all steamers specially constructed for the carriage of liquid cargoes in bulk.XCII Marks on the ship’s sides
The marks on the ship’s sides are to be as provided in the figure in Rule IV.Supplementary conditions of assignment for deeper loading
XCIII Construction of ship
The structure of the ship is to be of sufficient strength for the increased draught corresponding to the freeboard assigned.XCIV Forecastle
The ship is to have a forecastle of which the length is not less than 7 percent of the length of the ship and the height is not less then the standard height.XCV Machinery casings
The openings in machinery casings on the freeboard deck are to be fitted with steel doors. The casings are to be protected by an enclosed poop or bridge of at least standard height, or by a deck house of equal height and of equivalent strength. The bulkheads at the ends of these structures are to be of the scantlings required for bridge front bulkheads. All entrances to the structures from the freeboard deck are to be fitted with effective closing appliances and the sills are to be at least 18 inches above the deck. Exposed machinery casings on the superstructure deck are to be of substantial construction, and all openings in them are to be fitted with steel closing appliances permanently attached to the casings and capable of being closed and secured from both sides; the sills of such openings are to be at least 15 inches above the deck. Fiddley openings are to be as high above the superstructure deck as is reasonable and practicable and are to have strong steel covers permanently attached in their proper positions.XCVI Gangway
An efficiently constructed permanent gangway of sufficient strength for its exposed position is to be fitted fore and aft at the level of the superstructure deck between the poop and midship bridge, and when crew are berthed forward, from the bridge to the forecastle, or other equivalent means of access may be provided to carry out the purpose of the gangway, such as passages below deck.XCVII Protection of crew, access to machinery space, etc.
Safe and satisfactory access from the gangway level to the quarters of the crew, the machinery space and all other parts used in the necessary work of the ship, is to be available at all times. This rule does not apply to pump rooms entered from the freeboard deck, when fitted with Class I closing appliances.XCVIII Hatchways
All hatchways on the freeboard deck and on the deck of expansion trunks are to be closed watertight by efficient steel covers.XCIX Ventilators
Ventilators to spaces below the freeboard deck are to be of ample strength or are to be protected by superstructures or equally efficient means.C Freeing arrangements
Ships with bulwarks are to have open rails fitted for at least half the length of the exposed portion of the weather deck or other effective freeing arrangements. The upper edge of the sheer-strake is to be kept as low as practicable, and preferably not higher than the upper edge of the gunwale bar.Where superstructures are connected by trunks, open rails are to be fitted for the whole length of the weather portions of the freeboard deck.CI Plans
Plans showing proposed fittings and arrangements are to be submitted to the Assigning Authority for approval.Freeboards
CII Computation of freeboard
When the Assigning Authority is satisfied that the foregoing requirements are fulfilled, the summer freeboard may be computed from the Table for Tankers; all corrections except those for flush -deck steamers, detached superstructures, excess sheer, and winter voyages across the North Atlantic are to be made in accordance with Part III of the Rules.CIII Deduction for setached superstructures
When the total effective length of superstructure is less than 1.0 L, the deduction is a percentage of that for a superstructure of length 1.0 L, and is obtained from the following table:—| Total effective length of superstructures |
|---|
| Type of superstructures | 0 | -1L | -2L | -3L | -4L | -5L | -6L | -7L | -8L | -9L | 1-0L |
|---|
| All types | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % |
|---|
| 0 | 7 | 14 | 21 | 31 | 41 | 52 | 63 | 75.3 | 87.7 | 100 |
CIV Deduction for excess sheer
Where the sheer is greater than the standard, the correction for excess sheer (see Rule LVII of Part III, Load Lines for Steamers) is deducted from the freeboard for all tankers. Rule LIX of Part III does not apply except that the maximum deduction for excess sheer is 11 inches at 100 feet and increases at the rate of 11 inches for each additional 100 feet in the length of the ship.CV Winter North Atlantic freeboard
The minimum freeboard for voyages across the North Atlantic, north of latitude 36° N., during the winter months, is the Winter Freeboard plus an addition at a rate of 1 inch per 100 feet in length.CVI Freeboard table for tankers
| L in feet | Freeboard in inches | L in feet | Freeboard in inches |
|---|
| 190 | 21-5 | 400 | 62-5 |
| 200 | 23-1 | 410 | 64-9 |
| 210 | 24-7 | 420 | 67-4 |
| 220 | 26-3 | 1 430 | 69-9 |
| 230 | 28-0 | 440 | 72-6 |
| 240 | 29-7 | 450 | 75-I |
| 250 | 31-5 | 460 | 77-7 |
| 260 | 33-3 | 470 | 80-2 |
| 270 | 35-2 | 480 | 82-7 |
| 280 | 37-1 | 490 | 85-1 |
| 290 | 39-1 | 500 | 87-5 |
| 300 | 41-1 | 510 | 89-8 |
| 310 | 43-1 | 520 | 92-1 |
| 320 | 45-1 | 530 | 94-3 |
| 330 | 47-1 | 540 | 96-5 |
| 340 | 49-2 | 550 | 98-6 |
| 350 | 51-3 | 560 | 100-7 |
| 360 | 53-5 | 570 | 102-7 |
| 370 | 55-7 | 580 | 104-6 |
| 380 | 57-9 | 590 | 106-5 |
| 390 | 60-2 | 600 | 108-4 |
Annex II
Boundaries of the zones and seasonal areas
Zones
The southern boundary of the Northern “Winter Seasonal” zone is a line drawn from the east coast of North America along the parallel of lat. 36° N. to Tarifa in Spain; from the east coast of Korea along the parallel of lat. 35" N to the west coast of Honshiu, Japan; from the east coast of Honshiu along the parallel of lat. 35° N. to long. 150° W., and thence along a rhumb fine to the west coast of Vancouver Island at lat. 50° N., Pusan (Korea) and Yokohama to be considered as being on the boundary line of the northern ‘ Winter Seasonal ” zone and the “ Summer ” zone.The northern boundary of the “ Tropical" zone is a line drawn from the east coast of South America at lat. 10° N along the parallel of lat. 10° N. to long. 20° W., thence north to lat. 20° N. and thence along the parallel of lat. 20° N to the west coast of Africa; a line from the east coast of Africa along the parallel of lat. 8° N. to the west coast of the Malay Peninsula, following thence the coast of Malay and Siam to the east coast of Cochin China at lat. 10° N., thence along the parallel of lat. 10° N. to long. 145° E., thence north to lat. 13° N. and thence along the parallel of lat 13° N. to the west coast of Central America, Saigon to be considered as being on the boundary line of the “ Tropical ” zone and the “ Seasonal Tropical ” area (4).The southern boundary of the “ Tropical " zone is a line drawn from the east coast of South America along the Tropic of Capricorn to the west coast of Africa; from the east coast of Africa along the parallel of lat. 20° S. to the west coast of Madagascar, thence along the west and north coast of Madagascar to long. 50° E., thence north to lat. 10° S., thence along the parallel of lat. 10° S. to long. 110° E., thence along a rhumb line to Port Darwin, Australia, thence eastwards along the coast of Australia and Wessel Island to Cape Wessel, thence along the parallel of lat. 11° S. to the west side of Cape York, from the east side of Cape York at lat. 11° S. along the parallel of lat. 11° S. to long. 150° W., thence along a rhumb line to the point lat. 26° S. long. 75° W., and thence along a rhumb line to the west coast of South America at lat. 30° S., Coquimbo, Rio de Janeiro and Port Darwin to be considered as being on the boundary line of the “ Tropical ” and “ Summer ” zones.The following regions are to be included in the “Tropical” zone:—(1)The Suez Canal, the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, from Port Said to the meridian of 45° E., Aden and Berbers to be considered as being on the boundary line of the “ Tropical ” zone and the “ Seasonal Tropical ” area 2 (b).(2)The Persian Gulf to the meridian of 59° E.The northern boundary of the southern “ Winter Seasonal ” zone is a line drawn from the east coast of South America along the parallel of lat. 40° S. to long. 56° W., thence along a rhumb line to the point lat. 34° S., long. 50° W., thence along the parallel of lat. 34° S. to the west coast of South Africa; from the east coast of South Africa at lat. 30° S. along a rhumb line to the west coast of Australia at lat. 35° S., thence along the south coast of Australia to Cape Arid, thence along a rhumb line to Cape Grim, Tasmania, thence along the north coast of Tasmania to Eddystone Point, thence along a rhumb line to the west coast of South Island, New Zealand, at long. 170° E., thence along the west, south and east coasts of South Island to Cape Saunders, thence along a rhumb line to the point lat. 33° S. long. 170° W., and thence along the parallel of lat. 33° S. to the west coast of South America, Valparaiso, Cape Town and Durban to be considered as being on the boundary line of the southern “Seasonal Winter” and “summer” zones.Summer Zones
The remaining areas constitute the “summer” zones.Seasonal Areas
The following areas are Seasonal Tropical Areas:—(1)In the North Atlantic OceanAn area bounded on the north by a line from Cape Catoche in Yucatan to Cape San Antonio in Cuba, by the South Cuban Coast to lat. 20° N. and by the parallel of lat. 20° N. to the point lat. 20° N. long. 20 ° W.; on the west by the coast of Central America; on the south by the north coast of South America and by parallel of lat. 10° N., and on the east by the meridian of 20° W.Tropical: 1st November to 15th July. Summer: 16th July to 31st October.(2)Arabian Sea(a)North of lat. 24° N.Karachi is to be considered as being on the boundary line of this area and the seasonal Tropical area (b) below.Tropical: 1st August to 20th May.Summer: 21st May to 31st July.(b)South of lat. 24° N.Tropical: 1st December to 20th May, and 16th September to 15th October.Summer: 21st May to 15th September and 16th October to 30th November.(3)Bay of BengalTropical: 16th December to 15th April.Summer: 16th April to 15th December.(4)In the China SeaAn area bounded on the west and north by the coast of Indo-China and China to Hong Kong, on the east by a rhumb line to the port of Sual (Luzon Island), and by the west coast of the Islands of Luzon, Samar and Leyte to the parallel of 10° N., and on the south by the parallel of lat. 10° N.Hong Kong and Sual to be considered as being on the boundary of the "Seasonal Tropical” and “Summer” zones.Tropical: 21st January to 30th April.Summer: 1st May to 20th January.(5)In the North Pacific Ocean(a)An area bounded on the north by the parallel of lat. 25° N., on the west by the meridian of 160° E., on the south by the parallel of lat. 13° N., and in the east by the meridian of 130° W.Tropical: 1st April to 31st October.Summer: 1st November to 31st March.(b)An area bounded on the north and east by the coast of California, Mexico and Central America, on the west by the meridian of 120° W. and by a rhumb line from the point lat. 30° N. long. 120° W., to the point lat. 13° N., long. 105° W., and on the south by the parallel of lat. 13° N.Tropical: 1st March to 30th June and 1st to 30th November.Summer: 1st July to 31st October and 1st December to 28th/ 29th February.(6)In the South Pacific Ocean(a)An area bounded on the north by the parallel of lat. 11° S., on the west by the east coast of Australia, on the south by the parallel of lat. 20° S., and on the east by the meridian of 175° E., together with the Gulf of Carpentaria south of lat. 11° S.Tropical: 1st April to 30th November.Summer: 1st December to 31st March.(b)An area bounded on the west by the meridian of 150° W. on the south by the parallel of lat. 20° S., and on the north and east by the rhumb fine forming the southern boundary of the “Tropical” zone.Tropical: from 1st March to 30th November.Summer: from 1st December to 28th/29th February.The following are “Seasonal Winter” areas—Northern "Seasonal Winter" Zone (between North America and Europe).(a)In the area within and to the northwards of the following line:—A line drawn south from the coast of Greenland at long. 50° W. to lat. 45° N., thence along the parallel of lat. 45° N. to the meridian of 15° W., thence north to lat. 60° N., thence along the parallel of lat. 60° N. to the west coast of Norway, Bergen to be considered as being on the boundary line of this area and area (b) below.Winter from 16th October to 15th April.Summer from 16th April to 15th October.(b)An area outside area (a) above and north of the parallel of lat. 36° N.Winter from 1st November to 31st March.Summer from 1st April to 31st October.Baltic (bounded by the parallel of latitude of the Skaw).Winter from 1st November to 31st March.Summer from 1st April to 31st October.Mediterranean and Black Sea.Winter from 16th December to 15th March.Summer from 16th March to 15th December.Northern “Seasonal Winter" Zone (between Asia and North America, except Sea of Japan, South of 50° N.).Winter from 16th October to 15th April.Summer from 16th April to 15th October.Sea of Japan between the parallels of lat. 35° N. and 50° N.Winter from 1st December to 28th/29th February.Summer from 1st March to 30th November.Southern "Seasonal Winter" Zone.Winter from 16th April to 15th October.Summer from 16th October to 15th April.Annex III
International Load Line Certificate
Annex IV
Titles of Load Line Laws and Rules regarded as Equivalent to the British Board of Trade Rules, 1906
a == volume of the passenger spaces, as defined, in Regulation 2, which are situated below the margin line within the limits of the machinery space.c == volume of between deck spaces below the margin line within the limits of the machinery space which are appropriated to cargo, coal or stores.v == whole volume of the machinery space below the margin line.
where:—a == volume of the passenger spaces, as defined in Regulation 2, which are situated below the margin line, before (or abaft) the machinery space, andv == whole volume of the portion of the ship below the margin line before (or abaft) the machinery space.
where:—b == the volume of the spaces below the margin line and above the tops of floors, inner bottom, or peak tanks, as the case may be, which are appropriated to and used as cargo spaces, coal or oil fuel bunkers, store rooms, baggage and mail rooms, chain lockers and fresh water tanks, before (or abaft) the machinery space; andv == whole volume of the portion of the ship below the margin line before (or abaft) the machinery space.In the ease of ships engaged on services whore the cargo holds are not generally occupied by any substantial quantities of cargo, no part of the cargo spaces is to be included in calculating “b”.
For ships not having a continuous bulkhead deck the volumes are to be taken up to the actual margin lines used in determining the floodable lengths.
Where the factor F is less than •40 and it is shown to the satisfaction of the Administration to be impracticable to comply with the factor F in a machinery compartment of the ship, the subdivision of each compartment may be governed by an increased factor, which, however, shall not exceed •40.
shall be governed by the factor unity; of those having a criterion numeral of 123 or more by the factor B given by the formula (II); of those having a criterion numeral between S and 123 by the factor F obtained by linear interpolation between unity and the factor B using the formula:—
shall be governed by the factor unity; of those having a criterion numeral of 123 or more by the factor BB given, by the formula in sub-paragraph (ii)(b) of this paragraph; of those having a criterion numeral between S1 and 123 by the factor F obtained by linear interpolation between unity and the factor BB, using the formula:—
except that in either of the two latter cases if the factor so obtained, is less than .50 the subdivision, may be governed by a factor not exceeding .50.
L being the length of the lifeboat in feet (or metres) from the inside of the planking or plating at the stem to the corresponding point at the stern post; in the case of a lifeboat with a square stern, the length is measured to the inside of the transom.A, B, C denote respectively the areas of the cross-sections at the quarter-length forward, amidships, and the quarter-length aft, which correspond to the three points obtained by dividing into four equal parts (the areas corresponding to the two ends of the lifeboat are considered negligible).The areas A, B, C shall be deemed to be given in square feet (or cross square metres) by the successive application of the following formula to each of the three cross-sections—
h being the depth measured in feet (or in metres) inside the planking or plating from the keel to the level of the gunwale, or, in certain cases, to a lower level as determined hereafter.a, b, c, d, e denote the horizontal breadths of the lifeboat measured in feet (or in metres) at the upper and lower points of the depth and at the three points obtained by dividing h into four equal parts (a and e being the breadths at the extreme point, and c at the middle point of h).
FIGURE 1.
if that be greater, where—T is the mean thickness of the exposed deck clear of deck openings, and 8 is the total length of superstructures as defined in Rule XL.Where the topsides are of unusual form, D is the depth of a midship section having vertical topsides, standard round of beam and area of topside section equal to that in the actual midship section. Where there is a step or break in the topsides (e.g., as in the Turret Deck ship) 70 per cent, of the area above the step or break is included in the area used to determine the equivalent section.In a ship without an enclosed superstructure covering at least 6 L amidships, without a complete trunk or without a combination of intact partial superstructures and trunk extending all fore and aft, where D is less than L/10, the depth used with the Table is not to be taken as less than L/10.
where Δ is the ship’s moulded displacement in tons (excluding bossing) at a mean moulded draught d1 which is 85 per cent, of the moulded depth.The coefficient c is not to be taken as less than .68.
FIGURE 2.
inches, where∆ = displacement in salt water in tons at the summer load waterline, andT = tons per inch immersion in salt water at the summer load water-line.Where the displacement at the summer load water-line cannot be certified, the deduction is to be ½ inch per foot of Summer draught measured from the top of the keel to the centre of the disc..png)
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the freeboard is increased by b.png)
R inches, where R is L/130 at lengths loss than 390 feet, and 3 at 390 feet length and above.In a ship with an enclosed superstructure covering at least .6 L amidships, with a complete trunk, or with a combination of intact partial superstructures and trunk which extends all fore and aft, where D is less than L/15, the freeboard is reduced at the above rate. Where the height of superstructures or trunk is less than the standard height, the reduction is in the ratio of the actual to the standard height.
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