Electoral Commission Act, 1996

Act 51 of 1996

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Act 51 of 1996
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South Africa

Electoral Commission Act, 1996

Act 51 of 1996

  • Published in Government Gazette 17478 on 4 October 1996
  • Assented to on 27 September 1996
  • There are multiple commencements
    • Provisions Status
    Chapter 1 (section 1–2); Chapter 2 (section 3–11); Chapter 3 (section 12–14); Chapter 4 (section 15–17); Chapter 5 (section 18–20); Chapter 6, section 21–23, section 25 commenced on 17 October 1996 by Proclamation R64 of 1996.
    Chapter 4, section 15A commenced on 11 July 2000.
    Chapter 4, section 15(3)(d), section 15A(2)(d), section 16(1)(b)–(c), section 16A, section 17(1)–(3) commenced on 17 December 2003.
    Chapter 2, section 7(1)(a)–(c) commenced on 24 June 2004.
    Chapter 5, section 20(2A); Chapter 6, section 21A commenced on 6 March 2019.
    Chapter 2, section 7(2)(a)–(b), (2A)–(2C) commenced on 1 April 2019.
    Chapter 4, section 15(1)(a)–(c), (i)–(iii), (4A)–(4B), (7), section 16(2)(a)–(b) commenced on 27 August 2021.
    Chapter 6, section 24 not yet commenced.
  • [This is the version of this document from 8 May 2024.]
  1. [Amended by Local Government: Municipal Structures Act, 1998 (Act 117 of 1998) on 1 February 1999]
  2. [Amended by Local Government: Municipal Electoral Act, 2000 (Act 27 of 2000) on 11 July 2000]
  3. [Amended by Electoral Laws Amendment Act, 2003 (Act 34 of 2003) on 17 December 2003]
  4. [Amended by Electoral Commission Amendment Act, 2004 (Act 14 of 2004) on 24 June 2004]
  5. [Amended by Electoral Laws Amendment Act, 2019 (Act 1 of 2019) on 6 March 2019]
  6. [Amended by Determination of Remuneration of Office-bearers of Independent Constitutional Institutions Laws Amendment Act, 2014 (Act 22 of 2014) on 1 April 2019]
  7. [Amended by Electoral Laws Amendment Act, 2021 (Act 4 of 2021) on 27 August 2021]
  8. [Amended by Electoral Matters Amendment Act, 2024 (Act 14 of 2024) on 8 May 2024]
(Afrikaans text signed by the President)ACTTo make-provision for the establishment and composition of an Electoral Commission to manage elections for national, provincial and local legislative bodies and referenda; and to make provision for the establishment and composi­tion and the powers, duties and functions of an Electoral Court; and to provide for matters in connection therewith.
BE IT ENACTED by the Parliament of the Republic of South Africa, as follows:—

Chapter 1
Interpretation and application of Act

1. Definitions

(1)In this Act, unless the context otherwise indicates—"chairperson" means the chairperson designated in terms of section 8(1);"chief electoral officer" means the chief electoral officer appointed in terms of section 12(1);"Commission" means the Electoral Commission established by section 3(1);"district municipality" has the meaning assigned to it in section 1 of the Local Government: Municipal Structures Act, 1998 (Act No. 117 of 1998);[definition of "district municipality" inserted by section 1(a) of Act 4 of 2021]"election" means any election for a national, provincial or local legislative body in terms of any law;"Electoral Court" means the Electoral Court established by section 18;"independent candidate" means a South African citizen contesting an election and who is not nominated on a list of a party;[definition of "independent candidate" inserted by section 33(a) of Act 14 of 2024]"Independent Commission" means the Independent Commission for the Remuneration of Public Office-bearers established by section 2 of the Independent Commission for the Remuneration of Public Office-bearers Act, 1997 (Act No. 92 of 1997);[definition of "Independent Commission" inserted by section 6 of Act 22 of 2014]"independent representative" means an independent candidate with representation in the national or a provincial legislature;[definition of "independent representative" inserted by section 33(b) of Act 14 of 2024]"local municipality" has the meaning assigned to it in section 1 of the Local Government: Municipal Structures Act, 1998 (Act No. 117 of 1998);[definition of "local municipality" inserted by section 1(b) of Act 4 of 2021]"metropolitan municipality" has the meaning assigned to it in section 1 of the Local Government: Municipal Structures Act, 1998 (Act No. 117 of 1998);[definition of "metropolitan municipality" inserted by section 1(b) of Act 4 of 2021]"party" means any registered party, and includes any organisation or movement of a political nature which publicly supports or opposes the policy, candidates or cause of any registered party, or which propagates non-participation in any election;"political office" means any executive appointment or elected office, including any elected or nominated public representative of a party, whether involving remuneration or not, or any other paid office, in the service of a party;"prescribe" means prescribe by regulation;"registered party" means any party registered in terms of section 15;"regulation" means a regulation made under section 23; and"this Act" includes the regulations.
(2)For the purposes of this Act, unless clearly inconsistent with the context, any reference therein to an election, shall be construed as to include a referendum declared by the President under section 2(2).

2. Application of Act

(1)This Act applies in respect of any election for national, provincial and local legislative bodies, and any referendum referred to in subsection (2).
(2)Notwithstanding anything to the Contrary in any other law contained, the President may, after consultation with the Commission, by proclamation in the Gazette—
(a)declare that a referendum shall be held in order to ascertain the views of voters on a matter specified in the proclamation;
(b)determine that the referendum shall be held in the Republic, or in a part of the Republic specified in the proclamation, on a day or consecutive days and, subject to this Act, during the hours so specified;
(c)determine who shall be entitled, in accordance with this Act, to vote at the referendum; and
(d)determine what question or questions to ascertain the views of voters, must appear on the ballot paper.

Chapter 2
Electoral Commission

3. Establishment of Commission

(1)There is an Electoral Commission for the Republic, which is independent and subject only to the, Constitution and the law.
(2)The Commission shall be impartial and shall exercise its powers and perform its functions without fear, favour or prejudice.

4. Objects of Commission

The objects of the Commission are to strengthen constitutional democracy and promote democratic electoral processes.

5. Powers, duties and functions of Commission

(1)The functions of the Commission include to—
(a)manage any election;
(b)ensure that any election is free and fair;
(c)promote conditions conducive to free and fair elections;
(d)promote knowledge of sound and democratic electoral processes;
(e)compile and maintain voters’ rolls by means of a system of registering of eligible voters by utilising available data and information furnished by voters, as prescribed;[paragraph (e) substituted by section 1 of Act 1 of 2019]
(f)compile and maintain a register of parties;
(g)establish and maintain liaison and co-operation with parties and independent representatives and independent candidates;[paragraph (g) substituted by section 34 of Act 14 of 2024]
(h)undertake and promote research into electoral matters;
(i)develop and promote the development of electoral expertise and technology in all spheres of government;
(j)continuously review electoral legislation and proposed electoral legislation, and to make recommendations in connection therewith;
(k)promote voter education;
(l)promote co-operation with and between persons, institutions, governments and administrations for the achievement of its objects;
(m)[paragraph (m) deleted by section 94 of Act 117 of 1998]
(n)declare the results of elections for national, provincial and municipal legislative bodies within seven days after such elections;
(o)adjudicate disputes which may arise from the organisation, administration or conducting of elections and which are of an administrative nature; and
(p)appoint appropriate public administrations in any sphere of government to conduct elections when necessary.
(2)The Commission shall, for the purposes of the achievement of its objects and the performance of its functions—
(a)acquire the necessary staff, whether by employment, secondment, appoint­ment on contract or otherwise;
(b)establish and maintain the necessary facilities for collecting and disseminat­ing information regarding electoral matters;
(c)co-operate with educational or other bodies or institutions with a view to the provision of instruction to or the training of persons in electoral and related matters; and
(d)generally, perform any act that is necessary for or conducive to that.

6. Composition of Commission and appointment of commissioners

(1)The Commission shall consist of five members, one of whom shall be a judge, appointed by the President in accordance with the provisions of this section.
(2)No person shall be appointed as a member of the Commission unless he or she—
(a)is a South African citizen;
(b)does not at that stage have a high political profile;[paragraph (b) substituted by section 35 of Act 14 of 2024]
(c)has been recommended by the National Assembly by a resolution adopted by a majority of the members of that Assembly; and
(d)has been nominated by a committee of the National Assembly, proportionally composed of members of all parties and independent representatives represented in that Assembly, from a list of recommended candidates submitted to the committee by the panel referred to in subsection (3).[paragraph (d) substituted by section 35 of Act 14 of 2024]
(3)The panel shall, subject to subsection (6), consist of—
(a)the President of the Constitutional Court, as chairperson;
(b)a representative of the Human Rights Commission established by section 115(1) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993 (Act No. 200 of 1993);
(c)a representative of the Commission on Gender Equality established by section 119(1) of the said Constitution; and
(d)the Public Protector established by section 110(1) of the said Constitution.
(4)The panel shall submit a list of no fewer than eight recommended candidates to the committee of the National Assembly referred to in subsection (2)(d).
(5)The panel shall act in accordance with the principles of transparency and openness and make its recommendations with due regard to a person’s suitability, qualifications and experience.
(6)If any person referred to in subsection (3)(b) to (d) should for any reason not be available to serve on the panel, the chairperson shall, after consultation with the remaining members of the panel, designate any other person as a member of the panel.

7. Terms of office, salary, allowance and benefits, removal from office and suspension of commissioners

[heading substituted by section 7(a) of Act 22 of 2014]
(1)The term of office of a member of the Commission is seven years unless—
(a)he or she resigns or dies at an earlier date;
(b)he or she is removed from office in terms of subsection (3); or
(c)the President, on the recommendation of the National Assembly, extends the member’s term of office for a specified period.
[subsection (1) substituted by section 1 of Act 14 of 2004]
(2)The full-time and part-time members of the Commission shall be entitled to such salary, allowances and benefits—
(a)as determined by the President, from time to time, by notice in the Gazette, after taking into consideration the recommendations of the Independent Commission; and
(b)approved by the National Assembly in terms of subsection (2C): Provided that a distinction may be made between commissioners appointed in a full-time and part-time capacity: Provided further that such salary shall not be reduced, nor shall the allowances and benefits be adversely altered, during their term of office.
[subsection (2) substituted by section 7(b) of Act 22 of 2014]
(2A)The Independent Commission shall, when investigating or considering the salary, allowances and benefits of the members of the Commission, consult with the Cabinet members responsible for home affairs and for finance.[subsection (2A) inserted by section 7(c) of Act 22 of 2014]
(2B)A notice in terms of subsection (2)(a) or any provision thereof may commence with effect from a date specified in the notice, which date may not be more than one year before the date of publication of the notice.[subsection (2B) inserted by section 7(c) of Act 22 of 2014]
(2C)
(a)A notice issued under subsection (2)(a) shall be submitted to the National Assembly for approval before publication thereof.
(b)The National Assembly shall, by resolution—
(i)approve the notice, whether in whole or in part; or
(ii)disapprove the notice.
[subsection (2C) inserted by section 7(c) of Act 22 of 2014]
(3)A commissioner may—
(a)only be removed from office by the President—
(i)on the grounds of misconduct, incapacity or incompetence;
(ii)after a finding to that effect by a committee of the National Assembly upon the recommendation of the Electoral Court; and
(iii)the adoption by a majority of the members of that Assembly of a resolution, calling for that commissioner’s removal from office;
(b)be suspended from office by the President at any time after the start of the proceedings of the committee contemplated in paragraph (a)(ii);
(c)be reappointed, but only for one further term of office.

8. Chairperson of Commission

(1)The President shall designate a chairperson and vice-chairperson from among the members of the Commission.
(2)In the absence of both the chairperson and vice-chairperson, the remaining members shall elect an acting chairperson from their number.

9. Conduct of commissioners

(1)Every member of the Commission shall—
(a)serve impartially and independently and perform his or her functions as such in good faith and without fear, favour or prejudice;
(b)if appointed in a full-time capacity, serve as such to the exclusion of any other duty or obligation arising out of any other employment or occupation or the holding of any other office, unless specifically authorised thereto by the President.
(2)No member of the Commission—
(a)shall during his or her term of office be eligible for appointment or nomination to any political office;
(b)may, whether directly or indirectly, in any manner give support to, or oppose, any party or candidate participating in an election, or any of the issues in contention between parties or candidates;
(c)may, by his or her membership, association, statement, conduct of in any other manner place in jeopardy his or her perceived independence, or in any other manner harm the credibility, impartiality, independence or integrity of the Commission;
(d)may make private use of or profit from any confidential information gained as a result of his or her appointment and functions as such member;
(e)may divulge any such information to any third party save in the course and scope of his or her official functions;
(f)shall during his or her term of office be eligible to serve as a member of Parliament, a provincial legislature or a local government body, and such ineligibility shall continue for a period of 18 months reckoned from the date upon which such term of office has terminated.

10. Disclosure of conflicting interests

(1)Subject to subsection (2), a member may not at any meeting of the Commission during the discussion of any matter before such meeting in respect of which he or she has any financial or other interest which might preclude him or her from performing his or her functions in a fair, impartial and proper manner—
(a)be present;
(b)cast a vote; or
(c)in any other manner participate in the proceedings thereof.
(2)If at any stage during the course of any proceedings before the Commission it appears that any member has or may have an interest which may cause such a conflict of interests to arise on his or her part—
(a)such member shall forthwith and fully disclose the nature of his or her interest and leave the meeting so as to enable the remaining members to discuss the matter and determine whether such member is precluded from participating in such meeting by reason of a conflict of interests; and
(b)such disclosure, and the decision taken by the remaining members regarding such determination, shall be recorded in the minutes of the meeting.
(3)If any member fails to disclose any interest as required by subsection (2) or, subject to that subsection, is present at a meeting of the Commission or in any manner whatsoever participates in the proceedings of the Commission in relation to such matter, such proceedings may be reviewed and varied or set aside by the Commission.

11. Meetings of Commission

(1)The Commission may meet at any place in the Republic determined by the chairperson for the purpose of performing its functions.
(2)Meetings may be convened at any time by the chairperson at such intervals as circumstances may require and he or she shall convene a special meeting when requested to do so by any two other members of the Commission.
(3)A quorum for a meeting of the Commission is the majority of the total number of the members.
(4)A decision by the majority of the members present at a meeting of the Commission is a decision of the Commission.
(5)The Commission may determine its own procedures to be followed at its meetings.

Chapter 3
Administration, staff and accountability of Commission

12. Administration and staff of Commission

(1)As soon as possible after the composition of the Commission and whenever necessary thereafter, the Commission shall appoint a suitably qualified and experienced person as chief electoral officer.
(2)The chief electoral officer—
(a)shall be the head of the administration of the Commission;
(b)shall be the accounting officer of the Commission for the purposes of the Public Finance Management Act, 1999 (Act No. 1 of 1999), and shall cause the necessary accounting and other related records to be kept; and[paragraph (b) substituted by section 2 of Act 4 of 2021]
(c)may exercise all such powers and shall perform all such duties and functions as may be entrusted or assigned to him or her by the Commission or this Act or any other law.
(3)Whenever the chief electoral officer is for any reason absent or unable to perform his or her functions, or whenever a vacancy in the office of chief electoral officer occurs, the Commission may designate a member of its staff to act in that capacity until the chief electoral officer resumes his or her functions, or a chief electoral officer is appointed in terms of subsection (1), and that member has, while so acting, such powers and shall perform such functions of the chief electoral officer as may be delegated or assigned to him or her by the Commission.
(4)The chief electoral officer shall in consultation with the Commission appoint such officers and employees of the Commission as he or she may consider necessary to enable the Commission to exercise its powers and to perform its duties and functions effectively.
(5)The conditions of service, remuneration, allowances, subsidies and other benefits of the chief electoral officer, an acting chief electoral officer and the other administrative staff of the Commission shall be prescribed by the Commission.
(6)Notwithstanding the provisions of the Government Employees Pension Law, 1996 (Proclamation No. 21 of 1996)—
(a)any person appointed in terms of this section who, immediately before the date of such appointment was a member of the Government Employees Pension Fund referred to in section 2 of that Law, may remain such member notwithstanding such appointment; and
(b)any person so appointed who is not a member of the said fund may become a member of that fund as from the date of such appointment and, if applicable, shall contribute thereto.

13. Finances and auditing

(1)The expenditure in connection with the exercise of the Commission’s powers and the performance of its duties and functions shall be defrayed out of money appropriated by Parliament for that purpose or received by the Commission from any other source.
(2)The Commission shall budget for the necessary resources or additional resources to enable it to exercise its powers and perform its duties and functions effectively.
(3)The records referred to in section 12(2)(b) shall be audited by the Auditor-General in terms of the Auditor-General Act, 1995 (Act No. 12 of 1995).

14. Reports by Commission

(1)The Commission shall annually, as soon as possible after the end of each financial year, submit to the National Assembly an audited report of all money received from other sources as contemplated in section 13(1), as well as the audited statement on income and expenditure and a report in regard to the functions, activities and affairs of the Commission in respect of such financial year.
(2)The Commission shall furnish the President with such information and particulars as he or she may from time to time in writing require in connection with the activities of the Commission.
(3)The Commission shall as soon as possible after the end of an election publish a report thereon.
(4)The Commission may, if it deems it necessary, publish a report on the likelihood or otherwise that it will be able to ensure that any pending election will be free and fair.

Chapter 4
Registration of parties

15. Registration of parties

(1)The chief electoral officer shall, upon application by a party in the prescribed manner and form, accompanied by the items mentioned in subsection (3), register such party in accordance with this Chapter in respect of—
(a)the entire Republic;
(b)a particular province; or
(c)a particular district or metropolitan municipality,
provided that a party registered for a—
(i)particular province may under such registration only participate in elections for that provincial legislature and for all the municipal councils in that province;
(ii)metropolitan municipality may under such registration only participate in elections for that metro council; or
(iii)district municipality may under such registration only participate in elections for that district council and for the local council falling within the area of that district municipality.
[subsection (1) substituted by section 26 of Act 34 of 2003, by section 2 of Act 1 of 2019 and by section 3(a) of Act 4 of 2021]
(2)The form shall, inter alia, make provision for the following:
(a)The name of the party;
(b)the distinguishing mark or symbol of the party in colour; and
(c)the abbreviation, if any, of the name of the party consisting of not more than eight letters;
[subsection (2) substituted by section 26 of Act 34 of 2003]
(3)The application shall be accompanied by—
(a)that party’s deed of foundation which has been adopted at a meeting of, and has been signed by the prescribed number of persons who are qualified voters;
(b)the prescribed amount, if any; and
(d)that party’s constitution.[Please note: numbering as in original.]
[subsection (3) substituted by section 26 of Act 34 of 2003]
(4)The party’s deed of foundation shall contain the prescribed particulars.
(4A)A party applying for registration in terms of subsection (1) must publish the prescribed notice of the application in—
(a)the Gazette, in the case of an application referred to in subsection (1)(a);
(b)the relevant provincial Gazette, in the case of an application referred to in subsection (1)(b); or
(c)the relevant provincial Gazette or a newspaper circulating in the municipal area concerned, in the case of an application referred to in section (1)(c).
[subsection (4A) inserted by section 3(b) of Act 4 of 2021]
(4B)Any person may object to an application contemplated in subsection (1) in the prescribed manner and form within 14 days after the publication of the prescribed notice of the application.[subsection (4B) substituted by section 3(b) of Act 4 of 2021]
(5)After a party has been registered the chief electoral officer shall issue that party with a registration certificate in the prescribed form and publish the prescribed particulars of such registration in the Gazette.
(6)Every registered party not represented in a legislative body shall annually renew its registration in the prescribed manner and at the prescribed time.
(7)A party that is registered for a particular local municipality on the date on which the Electoral Laws Amendment Act, 2021, comes into operation, must be deemed to be registered in respect of the district municipality within whose jurisdictional area that local municipality is situated.[subsection (7) added by section 3(c) of Act 4 of 2021]

15A. ***

[section 15A inserted by section 93 of Act 27 of 2000, amended by section 27 of Act 34 of 2003, by section 3 of Act 1 of 2019 and repealed by section 4 of Act 4 of 2021]

16. Prohibition on registration of party under certain circumstances

(1)The chief electoral officer may not register a party in terms of section 15, or 15A, if—
(a)fourteen days have not elapsed since the applicant has submitted to the chief electoral officer proof of publication of the prescribed notice of application referred to in section 15(4A);[paragraph (a) substituted by section 5(a) of Act 4 of 2021]
(b)a proposed name, abbreviated name, distinguishing mark or symbol mentioned in the application resembles the name, abbreviated name, distinguishing mark or symbol, as the case may be, of any other registered party to such an extent that it may deceive or confuse voters; or
(c)a proposed name, abbreviated name, distinguishing mark or symbol mentioned in the application or the constitution of the party or the deed of foundation mentioned in section 15 contains anything—
(i)which portrays the propagation or incitement of violence or hatred or which causes serious offence to any section of the population on the grounds of race, gender, sex, ethnic origin, colour, sexual orientation, age, disability, religion, conscience, belief, culture or language; or
(ii)which indicates that persons will not be admitted to membership of the party or welcomed as supporters of the party on the grounds of their race, ethnic origin or colour.
[paragraph (c) amended by section 5(b) of Act 4 of 2021]
[subsection (1) substituted by section 28 of Act 34 of 2003]
(2)
(a)An applicant who is aggrieved by a decision of the chief electoral officer not to register that party may, within 30 days after the party has been notified of the decision, appeal against the decision to the Commission in the prescribed manner.
(b)Any person who objected to an application in terms of section 15(4B) and who is aggrieved by a decision of the chief electoral officer to register that party may, within 30 days after publication of the notice referred to in section 15(5), appeal against the decision to the Commission in the prescribed manner.
[subsection (2) substituted by section 5(c) of Act 4 of 2021]
(3)The Commission shall in the case of such an appeal enquire into or consider the matter and may, subject to subsection (4), confirm or set aside the decision of the chief electoral officer.
(4)In considering such an appeal against the refusal to register a party in terms of subsection (1)(a) the Commission—
(a)shall take into account the fact that the party which is associated with the name, abbreviated name, distinguishing mark or symbol, as the case may be, for the longest period, should prima facie be entitled thereto;
(b)may, for the purposes of paragraph (a)—
(i)afford the parties concerned an opportunity to offer such proof, including oral evidence or sworn or affirmed statements by any person which, in the opinion of the Commission, could be of assistance in the expeditious determination of the matter; and
(ii)administer an oath or affirmation to any person appearing to testify orally before it.
[subsection (4) amended by section 29 of Act 34 of 2003]

16A. Change of party’s name

(1)A party may submit an application in the prescribed form to the chief electoral officer to change its registered name, abbreviated name, distinguishing mark or symbol.
(2)Such an application shall be accompanied by proof of publication in the Gazette of the prescribed notice of application.
(3)Section 16, with the changes required by the context, applies to the chief electoral officer’s consideration of the application and decision to change, or not to change, the party’s registered name, abbreviated name, distinguishing mark or symbol in accordance with the application.
(4)If the registered name, abbreviated name, distinguishing mark or symbol is changed as a result of the application, the chief electoral officer shall withdraw the registration certificate issued in terms of section 15 and issue the party with a new registration certificate reflecting the change.
[section 16A inserted by section 30 of Act 34 of 2003]

17. Cancellation of registration of party

(1)The Commission may cancel the registration of a party if—
(a)after due notice in writing to that party and an inquiry into the matter, the Commission is satisfied that the party no longer functions or has no intention to participate in an election;
(b)it is notified by that party in the prescribed manner that the party has dissolved or is intending to dissolve on a specified date;
(c)that party is not represented in the National Assembly, a provincial legislature or a municipal council and it has not participated in a national, provincial or municipal general election that took place after the date of its registration or after the date when it was last so represented; or
(d)that party has changed its deed of foundation or constitution and the Commission is satisfied that change has resulted in that deed of foundation or constitution containing anything—
(i)which portrays the propagation or incitement of violence or hatred or which causes serious offence to any section of the population on grounds of race, gender, sex, ethnic origin, colour, sexual orientation, age, disability, religion, conscience, belief, culture or language; or
(ii)which indicates that persons will not be admitted to membership of the party or welcomed as supporters of the party on the grounds of their race, ethnic origin or colour.
(2)The Commission may not cancel the registration of a party on the grounds set out in subsection (1)(d) unless it has served a notice on the party giving it an opportunity to withdraw or change the offending amendment or part of the amendment and the party has not done so to the Commission’s satisfaction within three months.
(3)A registered party shall within two months after having changed its deed of foundation or constitution submit a copy of the changed deed of foundation or constitution to the chief electoral officer.
[section 17 substituted by section 31 of Act 34 of 2003]

Chapter 5
Electoral Court

18. Establishment of Electoral Court

There is an Electoral Court for the Republic, with the status of the Supreme Court.

19. Composition of Electoral Court

(1)The Electoral Court shall consist of the following members appointed by the President upon the recommendation of the Judicial Service Commission:
(a)A chairperson, who is a judge of the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court, and two other judges of the Supreme Court; and
(b)two other members who are South African citizens.
(2)The terms of office of the members of the Electoral Court, their conditions of service, remuneration, leave and other benefits, shall be determined by the President.

20. Powers, duties and functions of Electoral Court

(1)
(a)The Electoral Court may review any decision of the Commission relating to an electoral matter.
(b)Any such review shall be conducted on an urgent basis and be disposed of as expeditiously as possible.
(2)
(a)The Electoral Court may hear and determine an appeal against any decision of the Commission only in so far as such decision relates to the interpretation of any law or any other matter for which an appeal is provided by law.
(b)No such appeal may be heard save with the prior leave of the chairperson of the Electoral Court granted on application within the period and in the manner determined by that Court.
(c)Such an appeal shall be heard, considered and summarily determined upon written submissions submitted within three days after leave to appeal was granted in terms of paragraph (b).
(2A)The Electoral Court may hear and determine any dispute relating to membership, leadership, constitution or founding instruments of a registered party.[subsection (2A) inserted by section 4 of Act 1 of 2019]
(3)The Electoral Court may determine its own practice and procedures and make its own rules.
(4)The Electoral Court shall—
(a)make rules in terms of which electoral disputes and complaints about infringements of the Electoral Code of Conduct as defined in section 1 of the Electoral Act, 1993 (Act No. 202 of 1993), and appeals against decisions thereon may be brought before courts of law; and
(b)determine which courts of law shall have jurisdiction to hear particular disputes and complaints about infringements, and appeals against decisions arising from such hearings.
(5)The hearings and appeals referred to in subsection (4) shall enjoy precedence in the courts of law determined in accordance with that subsection.
(6)The Electoral Court may hear and determine any matter that relates to the interpretation of any law referred to it by the Commission.
(7)The Electoral Court may investigate any allegation of misconduct, incapacity or incompetence of a member of the Commission and make any recommendation to a committee of the National Assembly referred to in section 7(3)(a)(ii).
(8)The Director-General: Justice shall provide the necessary accommodation, administration and financial support for the Electoral Court.

Chapter 6
General provisions

21. Offences and penalties

(1)Any person commits an offence who—
(a)wilfully hinders or obstructs the Commission, the chief electoral officer or a member of the staff of the Commission in the exercise of its or his or her powers or in the performance of its or his or her duties or functions;
(b)wilfully interrupts the proceedings of a meeting of the Commission or a sitting of the Electoral Court or misbehaves in any other manner in the place where such meeting or sitting is held;
(c)does anything calculated improperly to influence the Commission or that Court in respect of any matter being or to be considered by the Commission or that Court in connection with any decision or order.
(2)Any person convicted of any offence referred to in subsection (1), may be sentenced to a fine or to imprisonment for a period not exceeding five years.

21A. Restriction on use of name

(1)No person may use or trade under a name containing the words ‘Electoral Commission’, ‘Independent Electoral Commission’ or the acronym ‘IEC’ for the purposes of elections or the translation thereof in any other official language to—
(a)conduct his, her or its affairs or business, or carry on his, her or its occupation or trade;
(b)be registered or licensed under any law; or
(c)falsely claim to be acting on behalf of the Commission.
(2)No person may, without the prior written authorisation of the Commission, represent or make use of the logos, designs or electoral material used or owned by the Commission.
(3)Any person who contravenes a provision of subsection (1) or (2) is guilty of an offence and liable on conviction to a fine or imprisonment for a period not exceeding six months or to both such fine and imprisonment.
[section 21A inserted by section 5 of Act 1 of 2019]

22. Legal proceedings against Commission

(1)The State Liability Act, 1957 (Act No. 20 of 1957), applies with the necessary changes in respect of the Commission.
(2)In such application a reference to a Minister of a department shall be construed as a reference to the chairperson of the Commission.

23. Regulations

(1)The Commission may make regulations regarding—
(a)the time limits within and manner in which appeals may be noted or decisions may be brought under review by the Commission in terms of this Act;
(b)the compiling and maintaining of voters’ rolls;
(c)the registration of parties in terms of this Act;
(d)the regulation of the conduct of all persons, parties and candidates in so far as such conduct may promote or inhibit the conduct of a free and fair election;
(e)any matter required or permitted to be prescribed in terms of this Act;
(f)the holding of a referendum declared under section 2; and
(g)generally, all matters which are necessary or expedient to be prescribed in order to achieve the objects of this Act.
(2)A regulation may prescribe penalties for any contravention thereof, or any failure to comply therewith, of a fine or imprisonment for a period not exceeding two years.
(3)[subsection (3) deleted by section 6 of Act 4 of 2021]

24. Repeal of laws, legal succession and transitional provision

(1)The laws mentioned in the Schedule are hereby repealed.
(2)The Commission is the successor in title to the Independent Electoral Commission established by section 4 of the Independent Electoral Commission Act, 1993 (Act No. 150 of 1993), and is empowered to control all electoral equipment and material held by any organ of state in any sphere of government.
(3)The Special Electoral Court established by section 32 of the Independent Electoral Commission Act, 1993, shall, notwithstanding the repeal of that Act by subsection (1), dispose of any matter pending before it as if this Act had not been passed.

25. Short title and commencement

This Act shall be called the Electoral Commission Act, 1996, and shall come into operation on a date fixed by the President by proclamation in the Gazette.

Schedule

Laws repealed

Number and year of lawTitle
Act 150 of 1993Independent Electoral Commission Act, 1993
Act 193 of 1993Independent Electoral Commission Amendment Act, 1993
Act 5 of 1994Independent Electoral Commission Amendment Act, 1994
Proclamation 46 of 1994Independent Electoral Commission Amendment Proclamation, 1994
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Cited documents 8

Act 7
1. Local Government: Municipal Structures Act, 1998 4463 citations
2. Public Finance Management Act, 1999 2251 citations
3. Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993 909 citations
4. Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 597 citations
5. State Liability Act, 1957 152 citations
6. Electoral Act, 1993 46 citations
7. Independent Electoral Commission Amendment Act, 1993 2 citations
Proclamation 1
1. Independent Electoral Commission Amendment Proclamation, 1994 2 citations

Documents citing this one 732

Gazette 656
1. Eastern Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2001-02-01 number 714
2. Eastern Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2015-01-22 number 3328
3. Eastern Cape Provincial Gazette dated 2017-04-24 number 3830
4. Free State Provincial Gazette dated 2008-05-09 number 29
5. Gauteng Provincial Gazette dated 2001-02-01 number 13
6. Gauteng Provincial Gazette dated 2008-11-14 number 308
7. Gauteng Provincial Gazette dated 2010-05-27 number 96
8. Gauteng Provincial Gazette dated 2016-08-17 number 270
9. Gauteng Provincial Gazette dated 2024-03-13 number 90 part 1
10. KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Gazette dated 2006-09-14 number 6509
Judgment 62
1. African Christian Democratic Party v Electoral Commission and Others [2006] ZACC 1 (24 February 2006) 20 citations
2. Electoral Commission v Mhlope and Others [2016] ZACC 15 (14 June 2016) 20 citations
3. New National Party v Government of Republic of South Africa and Others [1999] ZACC 5 (13 April 1999) 20 citations
4. August and Another v Electoral Commission and Others [1999] ZACC 3 (1 April 1999) 13 citations
5. Kham and Others v Electoral Commission and Another [2015] ZACC 37 (30 November 2015) 13 citations
6. Merafong Demarcation Forum and Others v President of the Republic of South Africa and Others [2008] ZACC 10 (13 June 2008) 12 citations
7. Liberal Party v The Electoral Commission and Others [2004] ZACC 1 (5 April 2004) 7 citations
8. Sonke Gender Justice NPC v President of the Republic of South Africa and Others [2020] ZACC 26 (4 December 2020) 5 citations
9. Democratic Alliance v eThekwini Municipality (887/2010) [2011] ZASCA 221 (30 November 2011) 2 citations
10. Electoral Commission of South Africa v Speaker of National Assembly and Others (55/16) [2018] ZACC 46 (22 November 2018) 2 citations
Act 13
1. Local Government: Municipal Structures Act, 1998 4463 citations
2. Income Tax Act, 1962 1669 citations
3. Local Government: Municipal Electoral Act, 2000 1428 citations
4. Financial Intelligence Centre Act, 2001 776 citations
5. Electoral Act, 1998 526 citations
6. KwaZulu-Natal Consumer Protection Act, 2013 4 citations
7. KwaZulu-Natal Gaming and Betting Act, 2010 3 citations
8. KwaZulu-Natal Liquor Licensing Act, 2010 2 citations
9. Kwa-Zulu Natal Amafa and Research Institute Act, 2018 1 citation
10. KwaZulu-Natal Funding of Represented Political Parties Act, 2008 1 citation
By-law 1
1. Rules and Procedures of the Council and its Committee By-law, 2017