Bilankulu and Another v S (188/2020) [2020] ZASCA 114 (29 September 2020)

Criminal Law and Procedure – murder – deceased shot by unidentified person in shootout with the authorities – accused had dolus indeterminatus to commit murder – unlawful hunting of rhinoceros in state reserve – s 31(3) of Limpopo Environmental Management Act 17 of 2003. 2 s 252A of Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977 – entrapment not going further than providing opportunity to commit the offence – evidence of trap automatically admissible – s 35 of Constitution – evidence of cell phone records not disclosed before trial admitted in evidence – belated disclosure not causing trial prejudice. Sentence – imposition of non-parole period – appellants not afforded an opportunity to address the trial court on the issue – not providing reasons for imposing non-parole period – misdirection – cumulative effect of sentence not considered – constitutes misdirection.