High Court of South Africa South Gauteng, Johannesburg - 2025 April

77 judgments

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77 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
April 2025
Summary judgment refused where a settlement agreement ambiguously raised an arguable defence affecting mortgage security.
Civil procedure – summary judgment – whether a defence based on a prior settlement agreement is wholly unmeritorious or arguable. Contract interpretation – settlement agreement ambiguity – need for extrinsic evidence to determine scope and effect on security (mortgage bond). Suretyship – enforcement against surety where principal debtor concluded settlement potentially compromising principal obligation.
30 April 2025
Warrantless arrest was lawful on reasonable suspicion from airborne/GPS identification; subsequent detention lawfully followed prosecutorial and court processes.
Criminal Procedure Act s 40(1)(b) – warrantless arrest – reasonable suspicion must be based on specific, articulable and trustworthy information; airborne/GPS identification and real‑time communication can supply reasonable grounds. s 50 – detention and bringing arrested person to court within 48 hours; Schedule 6 offences and prosecutorial/court processes justify continued detention until evidence considered. Liability for post‑first‑appearance detention requires causal link to police conduct.
30 April 2025
Court overturns adjudicator's refusal to reimburse homeowners for boundary wall repair due to misinterpretation of HOA rules.
Community Schemes Ombud Service – Appeal of adjudicator’s decision – Reconstruction of common property – Interpretation of HOA Articles of Association.
30 April 2025
Court allows asset repossession due to breach of sale agreements unexcused by VAT refund issues.
Contract law – Breach of instalment sale agreements – No obligation for creditor to ensure VAT compliance enabling refund claims.
30 April 2025
Applications challenging LPC decisions were dismissed due to improper affidavits and unsubstantiated claims of irregularities.
Legal Practice Council – investigation of misconduct – proper commissioning of affidavits – reasonable delay in filing judicial reviews
30 April 2025
The court compelled the respondent to make discovery under Rule 35(7) and declined to decide the respondent's unrelated R100,000 claim.
Civil procedure – discovery – Order compelling discovery in terms of Rule 35(7) granted where no valid impediment shown. Civil procedure – jurisdictional/pleading limits – Court will not adjudicate unrelated monetary entitlement absent a proper application on record. Civil procedure – non-compliance sanction – applicant entitled to seek striking out of defence on same papers if respondent fails to comply. Costs – each party ordered to pay own costs.
29 April 2025
The court partly granted and partly dismissed an application for reviewing registration and grading decisions under CIDB Regulations.
Administrative law – Judicial review – Condonation of late filing – Procedural fairness in deregistration – Grading upgrade compliance with financial standards.
29 April 2025
The plaintiff was a passenger, not driver; Road Accident Fund liable for damages.
Civil Procedure - Road Accident Fund claim - Driver identity and negligence - Plaintiff as passenger, not driver - Credibility of plaintiff's witnesses.
29 April 2025
Court determines the relevance of discovery documents for calculating share value under Rule 35. Plaintiff awarded costs.
Discovery – Relevance of financial and contractual documents for share valuation – Rule 35(3) and 35(7) applications.
29 April 2025
Estate entitled to past medical expenses and R300,000 general damages; defendant’s delay attracts adverse costs.
Road Accident Fund – concession of liability – transfer of claims to estate after plaintiff’s death – HPCSA qualification of general damages – quantum assessment for lacerations, abrasions, scarring and psychological sequelae – defendant’s delay and adverse costs (attorney-and-client) award.
29 April 2025
Postponement of parole hearing to verify identity and classification is not reviewable where no final administrative decision exists.
Parole – administrative action – postponement pending verification of identity/nationality and offender classification; PAJA "decision" requirement; Rule 53 record requirement; reviewability; rationality and reasonableness of administrative postponement.
29 April 2025
A nomination by LOI, conditional on concluding formal agreements, did not create a binding contract; appeal dismissed with costs.
Contract formation — tender/RFQ context; Letter of Intent as nomination not binding where express condition that final award depends on concluded contract; animus contrahendi; parol evidence rule and textual primacy; outstanding material terms (rates, SLA/MLA, quality agreements) preclude contract; waiver and quasi‑mutual assent require clear proof.
29 April 2025
Court refused rescission for false affidavit, granted leave to appeal to adduce further evidence, and kept the order operative under s18(3).
Family law – child relocation – best interests of the child paramount – s28(2) Constitution; interplay with s18(3) Superior Courts Act. Rescission – fraud/false evidence – requirement that truthful facts would have produced a different outcome. Leave to appeal – admission of further evidence on appeal (s19) – explanation for lateness, prima facie truth and material relevance. Section 18(3) – test of irreparable harm applied to child’s rights, not parents’ rights. Costs – false affidavits attract adverse costs including costs of two counsel.
29 April 2025
Ownership dispute over leased property items dismissed due to unresolved factual disputes unsuitable for motion proceedings.
Contract Law – Lease Agreement – Ownership dispute over items upon termination – Accession – Interdict and Declaratory Relief – Motion proceedings inappropriate for resolving factual disputes.
29 April 2025
A layperson may not represent a natural person in the High Court; statutory and common law rules bar such informal representation.
Legal Practice Act 28 of 2014 – right of appearance – only admitted and enrolled legal practitioners may appear in courts where only legal practitioners are entitled to appear. Common law and SCA authority – laypersons may not represent natural persons in court. Section 173 inherent powers and access-to-justice arguments insufficient to displace statutory prohibition. Accountability and professional regulation underpin prohibition on lay representation.
26 April 2025
Exception to plea upheld as agreement's waiver and non-variation clauses barred the misrepresentation-based claim.
Contract law – Exception – Plea and counterclaim – Validity of waiver and non-variation clauses – Duty of care.
25 April 2025
Section 163 does not apply to foreign companies; applicant failed to prove oppressive conduct or provide valuation evidence.
Companies Act s163 – applicability to foreign companies; statutory definition of "company" excludes foreign (non-domesticated) entities – valuation and compulsory purchase: applicant must prove value and put issues squarely on affidavits; court will not raise or refer new issues beyond affidavits; acquiescence to transactional terms defeats claim of oppressive or unfairly prejudicial conduct.
25 April 2025
Court awarded two days' counsel fees against the Fund, refusing to make it liable for earlier waiting days due to allocation delay.
Costs — Counsel’s fees for days counsel was held available due to court allocation delays — Balancing compensation to successful litigant against overburdening paying party — Waiting-time charges and collapse/punitive fees not decided.
25 April 2025
Urgency in electricity supply restoration due to impact on children's rights and billing dispute.
Municipal law – electricity supply termination – procedural fairness in pre-termination notice – billing disputes and debt collection
25 April 2025
Appeal allowed; previous convictions for firearm contravention and assault set aside due to procedural errors and uncorroborated evidence.
Criminal law – Firearms Control Act – Misapplication of sections 120(6)(a) and (b) – Inadequate corroboration of complainant's evidence – Appeal upheld.
23 April 2025
Appellant's conviction under the Firearms Control Act overturned due to lack of credible evidence supporting assault and pointing charges.
Criminal law - Firearms Control Act - distinction between sections 120(6)(a) and 120(6)(b) - requirement for credible evidence and corroboration.
23 April 2025
Customary marriage proven; unpleaded invalidity defence rejected; alternative agreement to support upheld as basis for loss of support.
Customary marriage established under s3 RCMA; defendant’s unpleaded allegation of prior civil marriage impermissible – must plead confession and avoidance; absence of evidence of prior civil marriage fatal to defence; alternatively contractual duty of support can found loss of support claim; boni mores do not invalidate bona fide support agreement.
23 April 2025
Court retrains property transfer pending proper inquiry under land conversion laws.
Property law - land ownership rights - inquiry under Conversion Act and ULTRA - review of administrative decision - interim interdict.
23 April 2025
Provisional sequestration ordered for insolvency due to acts under sections 8(b) and 8(g) of the Insolvency Act.
Insolvency Law – Provisional sequestration – Acts of insolvency – Conflicts between suretyship and guarantee clauses under the ECT Act.
22 April 2025
Court awards damages for loss of earning capacity after accident, applying the 'thin skull' principle despite pre-existing vulnerabilities.
Delict – Road Accident Fund – Damages – Loss of earning capacity – Pre-existing vulnerabilities – 'Thin skull' principle – Quantum – Contingency deductions – Actuarial evidence – Separation of claims – Referral for general damages.
22 April 2025
Application struck from roll for lack of jurisdiction; applicant ordered to pay respondent’s costs on party-and-party scale C.
Jurisdiction — court sitting in Gauteng lacks jurisdiction where executor, Master and Registrar of Deeds reside in Bloemfontein; improper service — agent not authorised to accept service; procedural conduct — failure to heed jurisdictional objection in answering affidavit may attract costs; costs — party-and-party scale C ordered.
22 April 2025
The applicant’s claim is confined to dignitary damages; respondent’s requests for financial and phone records were refused as irrelevant.
Defamation – discovery – relevance of documents to pleaded issues – patrimonial loss must be pleaded to justify inquiry into income/wealth; documents held only in former official capacity not discoverable from ex-officeholder; overbroad cellphone/messaging requests seeking to prove unpleaded dissemination are not discoverable.
22 April 2025
Applicant lacked standing to challenge transfer after he ceased being executor; application dismissed with costs against him.
• Civil procedure – Locus standi – Only duly appointed executor may institute proceedings on behalf of an estate – personal capacity claim fails where party acted only as executor. • Civil procedure – Amendment/supplementary affidavits and substitution – Late supplementary founding affidavit cannot cure locus standi without leave, substitution and service on affected parties. • Civil procedure – Condonation – Late filing of answering affidavit may be condoned in the interests of justice where it raises decisive issues. • Contract/Property – Occupational interest – Claim for occupational rental lies against seller estate, not against an individual who acted solely as executor.
22 April 2025
Default judgment refused where a co-defendant’s plea raised a novation-based defence potentially absolving the primary defendant.
Default judgment — court's discretion to refuse — co-defendant's plea raising novation and potential complete defence — claims to be litigated together; Rule 49(1)(c) — timing of request for reasons.
22 April 2025
Referral to oral evidence ordered to resolve disputed ownership, estoppel and alleged return of a show-jumping horse.
Property/ownership of chattel (horse) — alleged donation v. temporary custody — estoppel by representations — interpretation of WhatsApp messages and voice notes — Rule 6(5)(g) referral to oral evidence where disputes of fact are material and evenly balanced — admission of supplementary affidavits in interests of fairness — exceptional circumstances (emotional attachment and time-sensitive nature of animal) justify expedited trial directions.
22 April 2025
Municipal defendants liable for open manhole injuries but plaintiff’s contributory negligence reduces recoverable damages by 50%.
Delict – Municipality/road agency liability for uncovered stormwater manhole; legal duty to maintain, foreseeability and negligent omission; causation; contributory negligence and 50% apportionment; requirement for substantiated resource/capacity defence; quantum postponed.
22 April 2025
Leave to appeal refused where material disputes of fact precluded final interdict for alleged defamation and harassment.
Civil procedure – interdictory relief – defamation, injurious falsehood and harassment – final interdict precluded where material disputes of fact exist on the papers; pleadings may set out facts constituting a truth defence without formal labelling; non-disclosure in ex parte application not outcome-determinative.
17 April 2025
Court rules in favor of plaintiff against RAF, confirming valid claim and awarding compensation for loss of earnings.
Road Accident Fund – Lodgement and prescription of claims – Liability for damages – Substantial compliance required for valid claim.
17 April 2025
Interim relocation orders amid divorce proceedings remain effective if exceptional circumstances prevent suspension pending appeal.
Family Law – Children's relocation – Interim orders – Appeal and suspension of orders – Exceptional circumstances justifying interlocutory order enforcement.
15 April 2025
Court refused contempt application and varied maintenance order due to respondent's proven inability to pay as originally ordered.
Contempt of court – Rule 43 maintenance orders – variation of maintenance order – respondent’s inability to pay – effect of changed financial circumstances on compliance and contempt proceedings.
15 April 2025
Demolition relief became academic after municipal regularisation; court denied postponement and ordered first respondent to pay costs.
Planning/building control — Alleged unauthorised additions — In loco inspection and municipality’s occupancy certificate — Whether demolition relief academic once works regularised; procedural law — Applicant must plead case in founding affidavit; cannot expand case in argument or rely on answering affidavit to introduce new issues; postponement sine die and oral evidence on opposed motion refused where prejudicial and outside pleadings; costs awarded against respondent for unauthorised building work.
14 April 2025
Prosecutions for apartheid‑era crimes under customary international law are imprescriptible and may proceed under section 232 of the Constitution.
Criminal procedure – section 85 objection – prescription under s18(1) Criminal Procedure Act – s232 Constitution – customary international law – crimes against humanity and apartheid imprescriptible – principle of legality – NPA’s title to prosecute despite TRC referral delays and political interference.
14 April 2025
The court dismissed a mother's application to relocate children to Israel, considering their best interests in the context of prevailing safety concerns.
Family law – Relocation of minor children – Best interests of the child – Evaluation of safety and stability in relocation destination.
14 April 2025
Relocation of minor children to Israel denied due to safety concerns and lack of stable support systems.
Family law – Relocation of minor children - Best interests of the child - Impact of conflict and stability in relocation considerations.
14 April 2025
Urgent spoliation claim dismissed because restoration was impracticable due to unjoined third‑party occupation.
Mandament van spolie – possession versus mere access; control of keys/safekeeping as incident of possession; requirement that restoration be practicable; effect of non-joinder of third party occupying premises.
12 April 2025
Applicant failed to show a prima facie right or unlawful misrepresentation; derivative relief under s165 refused.
• Interim interdict – prerequisites: prima facie right, irreparable harm, absence of alternative remedy, balance of convenience – Webster v Mitchell approach. • Misrepresentation/unlawful competition – falsity, knowledge, causation, intent required. • Restraint of trade – enforceability unless shown unreasonable; burden on party resisting restraint. • Companies Act s165(5)(b) – derivative actions require good faith, serious question of material consequence, and best interests of the company.
12 April 2025
PRASA not negligent; passenger assumed risk by attempting to board a moving train.
Transport Law – Personal Injury – Passenger Rail Services – Negligence and duty of care – Volenti non fit injuria – Contributory negligence.
11 April 2025
Court allows late counterclaim introduction despite objections on prescription grounds for resolution during trial.
Civil Procedure - Rule 24 Applications - Introduction of Counterclaim - Prescription handling in interlocutory proceedings.
11 April 2025
Director's removal set aside for non-compliance with notice and representation rules in the Companies Act.
Corporate law - Removal of company director - Compliance with Companies Act requirements - Notice and representation rights under sections 65, 71, and 63.
11 April 2025
Leave to appeal refused: Rule 38(2) expert affidavits are not conclusive; trial court’s quantum and approach were reasonable.
Leave to appeal — s 17(1)(a)(i) Superior Courts Act — reasonable prospects of success standard; Expert evidence — Rule 38(2) affidavits do not become conclusive; Expert opinion must have factual foundation and reasoning; Actuarial reports and globular awards permissible for impairment of earning capacity; Quantum of general damages lies within trial court’s discretion.
10 April 2025
A business rescue practitioner’s appointment cannot be set aside without joinder and notice to affected creditors.
Companies law – Business rescue – Challenge to appointment of business rescue practitioner – Joinder necessary before setting aside appointment; procedural fairness requires proper notice to affected creditors; reliance on CIPC records and s129(3)-(4) compliance cannot be determined without parties properly before the court.
10 April 2025
Summary judgment granted against both companies; executrix not required and death of director not a defence to company debts.
Civil procedure – opposed summary judgment – non‑joinder of executrix of deceased director – companies as separate juristic persons – death of director not a defence to company debts – refusal of postponement for last‑minute offer – declaration of properties specially executable – costs on attorney‑and‑client scale.
10 April 2025
Applicants failed to obtain a final interdict due to disputes of fact, delay and an existing protection order.
Interdict — final relief — requirements: clear right, injury committed or reasonably apprehended, absence of adequate alternative remedy; urgency intertwined with merits; Plascon-Evans rule on disputes of fact; inadmissibility of new matter in reply; Protection from Harassment Act protection order as alternative remedy.
9 April 2025
Court lack of locus standi in post-eviction property application due to outstanding eviction order.
Civil Procedure - Eviction Order - Locus Standi - Compliance with Court Orders - Unlawful Occupation
9 April 2025
Court preserved the shareholding status quo and ordered register rectified after finding the alleged allotment likely unlawful and oppressive.
Companies Act – validity of share allotment – dispute as to authentic MOI and application of s18(2); Companies Act s40(1)(a) – board must determine ‘adequate consideration’ for issued shares; Companies Act s163 – oppressive or unfairly prejudicial conduct via dilution of minority shareholding and loss of veto; Urgent procedure – factual disputes about MOI not resolvable on motion; Remedy – rectification of share register and costs.
8 April 2025