High Court of South Africa KwaZulu-Natal, Durban

The KwaZulu-Natal Division of the High Court of South Africa is a superior court of law with general jurisdiction over the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. The main seat of the division is at Pietermaritzburg, while a subordinate local seat at Durban has concurrent jurisdiction over the coastal region of the province.

404 judgments

Court registries

  • Filters
  • Judges
  • Labels
  • Outcomes
  • Case actions
  • Topics
  • Alphabet
Sort by:
404 judgments
Citation
Judgment date
March 2026
Trustees cannot withhold access for municipal safety works where conduct rules do not require further consent; commercial urgency established.
Sectional titles – Conduct rules – trustees’ consent for improvements – consent required only for external alterations or internal works involving destruction of internal walls/support columns – municipal approval does not necessarily require further trustee consent; Commercial urgency; Interdict – requirements for final relief; Invalid amendment by trustee resolution where prescribed procedure not followed.
4 March 2026
February 2026
Urgent interim interdict granted to restrain and remove defamatory social-media and broadcast allegations against the applicant.
Defamation; urgent interim interdict; social-media and broadcast publications; truth and public-interest defences; harm to dignity and reputation; deletion and retraction orders; costs including two counsel.
27 February 2026
Whether respondent breached suspended sentence by posting defamatory social-media videos and whether the sentence should be activated.
Contempt of court — civil committal for contempt — suspended sentence — breach by continued defamatory social-media posts — court re-suspends sentence with additional deletion and enforcement conditions; authorisation to request social-media platform administrators to remove account and content; costs awarded.
17 February 2026
Payment characterized as a loan, not a donation or simulated transaction; defendant liable for R800,000 plus interest and costs.
Civil law – loan versus donation – burden of proof when defendant pleads donation – rebuttable inference against gratuitous donations – simulated transaction: burden on party alleging simulation – joint loan allegation considered and rejected.
16 February 2026
Urgent interim interdict to halt trial pending review refused; magistrate entitled to grant CCTV testimony for child witness.
Criminal procedure — s158(2) CPA — use of CCTV for child witnesses — magistrate's discretion and admissibility of hearsay/submissions from the bar; urgency and interim interdicts pending review; avoidance of piecemeal litigation; balancing accused's fair trial rights and child's best interests (s28(2)).
13 February 2026
Certified contractual final payment enforceable despite dispute-resolution clause; statutory notice under Organ of State Act not required for contractual debt.
Contract law – construction contract – final payment certificate issued by principal agent – certified contractual amount enforceable by judgment; dispute-resolution clause not engaged absent a pleaded disagreement; Institution of Legal Proceedings Against Certain Organs of State Act notice not required for contractual payment claims; misjoinder of trustees must be particularised.
12 February 2026
High Court struck urgent employment application for lack of urgency, finding Labour Act remedies appropriate.
Rule 7(1) – authority to institute proceedings; Urgency – self-created urgency and requirements of Rule 6(12); Jurisdiction – primacy of the Labour Relations Act, CCMA/Labour Court for unfair dismissal disputes; Contract vs unfair dismissal – specific performance/reinstatement dressed as contractual claim; Companies Act s163 – not a route to reinstatement where relationship broken down; Costs – award of wasted costs and costs of two counsel on Scale C.
6 February 2026
Applicant's claim for arrears dismissed where admitted pre-payment was unaccounted and respondent granted debatement.
Mortgage/home loan – alleged arrears – admitted pre-payment of R114,000 – bank’s failure to account – evidentiary burden to prove payment/application – debatement of account ordered – special execution not considered.
4 February 2026
Rescission granted where attorney knowingly presented an opposed divorce as unopposed; funds preserved and attorney ordered to pay costs personally.
Civil procedure – rescission of judgment – Uniform Rule 42(1)(a) – judgment obtained by misrepresentation; Legal ethics – duty of honesty and candour to court – attorney’s misrepresentation of opposed matter as unopposed; Preservation of assets – interlocutory interdict and payment into trust pending finalisation; Costs – de bonis propriis and attorney-and-client scale; Regulatory referral to Legal Practice Council.
4 February 2026
A liquidation application against a deregistered close corporation is invalid; provisional liquidation discharged and lawyers ordered to refund fees.
Company law – Close corporation deregistration – Final deregistration under Companies Act dissolves entity; assets vest bona vacantia – Liquidation application against deregistered entity is invalid/nullity – Procedural duty on practitioners to verify corporate status (CIPC) and comply with Uniform Rules – Costs consequences and requirement to refund fees for practitioner misconduct.
4 February 2026
A director’s signed AOD was enforceable; ostensible authority and continuity on conversion upheld, and the surety was liable.
Company law – validity of director’s signature – ostensible authority and s 20(7)/(8) Companies Act; Acknowledgement of debt enforceability; Duress/undue influence in creditor-debtor context; Suretyship enforceability following conversion from close corporation to company; Quantum in motion proceedings.
3 February 2026
January 2026
Bank entitled to judgment on loan and overdraft; suretyship valid, NCA inapplicable, surety’s liability capped at R1,950,000.
Banking and contract – loan and overdraft facility – validity of loan agreement, overdraft and suretyship – certificate of balance requirements – corporate deponent's knowledge and attorney authority – National Credit Act inapplicable to juristic person above threshold – reckless credit defence unavailable – surety's liability limited by deed.
21 January 2026
Owner entitled to evict elderly occupiers; court balanced PIE s4(7) factors, granting delayed eviction with relocation conditions.
PIE Act s 4(7) – eviction by private owner – two-stage enquiry (just and equitable; implementation and conditions) – elderly occupiers – municipal alternative accommodation – validity of will and Master’s letters – conditions: delayed eviction, utilities, relocation costs, sheriff enforcement.
19 January 2026
Whether a notarial bond was simulated and whether a director’s removal and replacement complied with the Companies Act and shareholders’ agreement.
Companies Act — s61(3) requisitioned shareholders’ meeting — board obliged to convene; s65(4) explanatory material and challenge under s65(5) — failure to seek interim relief bars later attack; s71(1) removal of director by ordinary resolution — proprietary shareholder right not requiring good faith; shareholders’ agreement trumps majority appointment where nomination rights reserved; simulated transaction — notarial bond may be prima facie simulated; interim interdict to preserve company assets pending trial; minority shareholder locus standi to protect shareholding value.
13 January 2026
Insurer liable where its assessor's appointee improperly first-aided submerged engines, causing damage; quantum reduced for speculative items.
Insurance (marine) – insured event: ingress of seawater – insurer liability for assessor/technician appointed by insurer – improper first-aid of submerged engines – causation of emulsification – assessment of quantum and exclusion of speculative items.
9 January 2026
December 2025
South African court orders disclosure of London arbitration materials where confidentiality and privilege do not override discovery obligations.
Civil procedure – discovery – relevance of documents – disclosure of materials from foreign arbitration in related domestic litigation; arbitration confidentiality vs discovery obligations; waiver/implied waiver of privilege by use of materials in arbitration and subsequent litigation; refusal to delay disclosure pending expert summaries.
22 December 2025
Claim for contractual final certificates not prescribed; court ordered respondent to appoint employer’s agent and enable certification and payment.
Contract law – Construction contract – Employer’s obligation to appoint employer’s agent – Final approval and final payment certificates – Prescription Act: whether obligation to enable certification is a "debt" – Prescription not triggered where employer’s omission obstructs certification process.
12 December 2025
Former employee’s disclosure of confidential customer data and personal information warranted interdict, deletion and handover under POPIA.
Confidential information – client/customer lists and personal data – trade secret test (application, secrecy, economic value); POPIA s20 – operator’s duty of confidentiality; Unlawful competition/springboard doctrine – acquisition and use of competitor’s confidential data; Interim interdict – deletion of electronic copies and handover of hard copies; Joinder – necessity standard for parties.
10 December 2025
Whether delay and late voluminous discovery justified striking the prosecution from the roll under s 342A of the CPA.
Criminal Procedure s342A — delay in completion of proceedings — factors for assessing reasonableness of delay; admissibility of affidavit evidence containing hearsay; voluminous discovery and complex corruption/money laundering allegations; vacating reserved trial dates; pre-trial roll enrollment.
9 December 2025
Provisional winding‑up granted where debt conceded, company funds diverted and s 417 enquiry authorised with SARS participation.
Companies Act — Provisional winding‑up granted where company conceded substantial debt and funds diverted; urgency; s 346(4A) service requirements (attorney may depose to service affidavit referencing sheriff’s returns); voluntary liquidation ineffective without CIPC registration; s 417 enquiry authorised; SARS to participate; nominee director/alter‑ego allegations; potential under‑invoicing and fraud.
5 December 2025
Review dismissed: appeal tribunal did not exceed powers in treating work stoppage as potential repudiation.
Arbitration Act s 33(1)(b) – review of arbitral award – tribunal bound by arbitration agreement, separation directive and pleadings – distinction between exceeding powers (jurisdictional) and erroneous exercise of power – stoppage of work/removal of equipment may constitute repudiation or a substantial pointer to repudiation – errors of fact or law by arbitrator not ordinarily reviewable.
4 December 2025
Applicant failed to prove exceptional circumstances under s60(11); appeal against refusal of bail dismissed.
Criminal procedure — Bail — Section 60(11) Schedule 6 offences — onus to prove exceptional circumstances and likely acquittal — affidavit evidence versus oral testimony — witness intimidation risk — employment/first-offence not exceptional.
4 December 2025
November 2025
Rule nisi confirmed; respondent found in wilful contempt for refusing to identify and authenticate ACA and Fc test results.
Civil contempt – confirmation of rule nisi – contempt requires order, service and non‑compliance (Fakie) – evidential burden shifts to respondent to show non‑wilful non‑compliance – failure to file answering affidavit renders matter unopposed – Wightman/Plascon‑Evans principles – court orders compelling identification and authentication of scientific test results – punitive attorney‑and‑client costs.
28 November 2025
Section 118(3) creates a statutory hypothec allowing a municipality to interdict transfers to protect historical rates debt.
Municipal Systems Act s118(3) – statutory hypothec/charge on property – municipal preference over mortgage bonds – interdict to prevent transfer – adequacy of alternative remedies (rule 46; s96) – urgency – costs.
27 November 2025
Use of paintball markers by security guards in public was negligent; necessity defence rejected and defendant vicariously liable.
Delict – personal injury from paintball projectile – causation and negligence established; defence of necessity/justification failed; vicarious liability of municipality; adverse inference for failure to call material witness.
26 November 2025
Section 354 stay refused: procedural fairness found; merits are for appeal, not section 354.
Companies Act s354 – extraordinary relief to stay or set aside winding-up – high threshold of 'exceptional circumstances' – procedural fairness and audi in urgent liquidation hearings – limits on rehearing merits under s354 (no substitute for appeal) – interim interdict against provisional liquidators not competent absent s354 stay – costs on Scale C including two counsel.
24 November 2025
Applicant proved association of vessels under s 3(7) Act; reconsideration dismissed and costs awarded to applicant.
Admiralty — Associated ship arrest — s 3(7) Admiralty Jurisdiction Regulation Act — proof of ownership/control by balance of probabilities — probative value of SeaSearcher/Equasis and trade publications where direct ownership opaque — nominee/shareholding structures and documentary inconsistencies assessed.
13 November 2025
Court found defendant's version more probable and dismissed the plaintiff's negligence claim with costs.
Railway accidents – passenger injury – allegation of negligence by operator – "staff riding"/external footplate – credibility and probabilities – missing CCTV footage – no adverse inference where CCTV plausibly non‑operational.
12 November 2025
Rescission of a final winding‑up order refused where order was properly granted and applicant failed to establish satisfactory explanation or bona fide defence.
Companies law – winding up – rescission of final winding‑up order; Rule 42(1)(a) – ‘‘erroneously granted’’; rescission at common law – reasonable explanation for default and bona fide defence required; duty to maintain registered address and consequences of non‑service.
12 November 2025
Plaintiff failed to prove accident‑linked loss of earnings or curtailed working life; claim dismissed, costs each party to bear.
Road Accident Fund – loss of earnings – requirement to prove causal link between injury and diminution of patrimony – expert evidence weight and credibility – assessment of future loss of earnings (Rudman; Southern Insurance).
6 November 2025
October 2025
28 October 2025
Applicant established prima facie debt; without‑prejudice proposal was not an act of insolvency, material disputes on defective goods referred to oral evidence.
Companies law – provisional winding‑up – s 345 demand satisfied by signed acknowledgement and failure to pay – factoring cession transfers receivable and related defences “warts and all” – without‑prejudice settlement proposal not an act of insolvency where it does not seek release from debt (s 8(e)) – privileged communications remain privileged absent an act of insolvency – real disputes of fact as to defectiveness and return of goods referred to oral evidence.
24 October 2025
The RAF’s failure to decide on a Serious Injury Assessment Report within the prescribed time was reviewed and set aside.
Road Accident Fund – Regulation 3(3)(dA) – duty to accept, reject or require further assessment of Serious Injury Assessment Report within statutory period – failure to decide reviewable; Board Notice 271 of 2022 / new RAF1 requirements held unlawful by Full Court (LPIIF v RAF) – respondent’s reliance on claim-registration or Board Notice defences unsustainable; relief: review and direction to decide within 30 days; costs on attorney-client scale.
23 October 2025
Imprisonment imposed after s112(1)(a) pleas was incompetent and substituted with caution and discharge.
Criminal procedure – s112(1)(a) plea – sentencing limitation: imprisonment without option of fine incompetent. Special review – s304 – substitution of incompetent sentence with caution and discharge when re‑sentencing is unjust or futile. Automatic review – effect of legal representation (s302(3)) and inexperienced magistrate. Procedural/systemic concerns – delay in detection, monitoring deficiencies, and Legal Aid duties.
23 October 2025
A conveyancing firm that fails to verify changed bank details in a BEC scam is liable for misdirected sale proceeds.
Conveyancing — attorney liability for misdirected trust funds; Business Email Compromise (BEC) — duty to verify changed banking details; breach of mandate and proximate cause; trust account payments; professional negligence by attorney.
17 October 2025
Interim interdict granted to restrain sentencing where magistrate improperly dismissed s113 plea-withdrawal, likely reviewable error.
Criminal procedure – s112/s113 plea proceedings – threshold for recording plea of not guilty under s113(1) (Mokonoto/Shiburi) – impermissibility of critical analysis of accused’s explanations in plea-stage proceedings – interim interdict pending s22 review where magistrate’s approach evidences reviewable irregularity – interplay with OUTA and Walhaus principles.
15 October 2025
September 2025
Ownership does not justify bypassing PIE; final interdict refused amid genuine disputes of fact and improper service on a child.
• Property law/eviction – PIE applies where premises are a home; ownership does not trump constitutional protections under s 26(3). • Civil procedure – Plascon‑Evans/Room Hire principles: genuine disputes of fact require referral to oral evidence or trial; motion proceedings inappropriate. • Service of process – serving papers on a minor at school is improper; courts must protect children and uphold Uniform Rules. • Remedies – statutory eviction under PIE is the appropriate remedy and precludes final interdict where applicable.
30 September 2025
Civil divorce does not dissolve a pre-existing customary marriage; court approved antenuptial contract for polygamous marriage.
Recognition of Customary Marriages Act 120 of 1998 — s6/s7 applications to approve antenuptial contracts for polygamous customary marriages — civil divorce does not dissolve pre-existing customary marriage (s8 required) — court to consider equitable distribution and family circumstances — joinder and registration requirements (s7(8), s7(9)).
22 September 2025
Court dismissed review and upheld taxing mistress’s allowance of post‑payment storage costs as recoverable execution expenses.
Costs – taxation – sheriff’s storage fees – whether post‑payment storage costs recoverable as necessary execution expenses – taxing mistress’s discretion under rule 70(3) and rule 68 – review of taxation limited to misapplication of principle or capricious exercise of discretion; lawfulness of sheriff’s retention distinct from taxation of disbursements.
22 September 2025
Leave to appeal a costs-only order from an adjourned urgent application dismissed for lack of exceptional circumstances.
Civil procedure – costs – discretion – costs orders are a true judicial discretion; appellate interference only where discretion not exercised judicially. Superior Courts Act ss 16(2)(a) and 17(1)(a) – appeals against costs-only orders require exceptional circumstances and a reasonable prospect of success. Wasted costs – urgent applications and adjournments – respondent entitled to wasted costs where urgent proceedings were necessitated and then adjourned. Scale of costs – assessment of appropriate scale (Scale C) is discretionary and not punitive.
17 September 2025
Police omissions in face of foreseeable mob violence rendered the State delictually liable for loss of game and property.
State liability; police omissions; wrongful and negligent failure to prevent foreseeable violence on private property; statutory and constitutional duties (s 205(3) Constitution; s 13(3) SAPS Act); factual and legal causation; quantum agreed R2,029,000; costs on scale C.
16 September 2025
A valid writ of execution prevents spoliation relief absent proof of unlawful deprivation by the sheriff.
Mandament van spolie – requirement of peaceful possession and unlawful deprivation; Warrant of execution – validity and scope; Rescission application – does not automatically suspend execution; Interpleader – appropriate remedy for competing claims to seized property; Interdict – requires clear right and absence of alternative remedies.
11 September 2025
Leave to appeal granted on whether statements in counsel's heads of argument constitute binding admissions creating liability.
Civil procedure – Admissions – Whether statements made in heads of argument by counsel can constitute binding factual admissions – Leave to appeal – Reasonable prospects of success on appeal.
11 September 2025
A plaintiff may not deliver an exception to a defendant's plea after summary judgment is refused; exception dismissed with costs.
Civil procedure – Exceptions – Application to except to defendant’s plea after refusal of summary judgment – Contract – Plea not vague or embarrassing where admissions and denials are clearly stated – Summary judgment procedure does not suspend the right to exception under Uniform rule 23.
5 September 2025
Leave to appeal granted where statements in counsel's heads may have been wrongly treated as binding admissions.
Leave to appeal — reasonable prospects test; admissibility and binding effect of statements in written heads of argument prepared by former counsel; costs of leave application.
5 September 2025
August 2025
Court refused contempt relief where maintenance could not be paid due to changed circumstances and set aside the interim order.
Contempt of court – maintenance order – Rule 43 order – delay in contempt proceedings – variation of maintenance order – material change of circumstances – temporary/interim remedies in divorce proceedings – costs.
19 August 2025
Application challenging liquidators' asset sale dismissed for lack of standing and merit; liquidators' acts found lawful and costs awarded.
Company law – Liquidation – Legal standing (locus standi) to challenge acts of liquidators – Requirements for condonation for late delivery – Liquidators’ powers to sell assets prior to first creditors' meeting – Who must consent to sale (preferential creditors) – No basis to set aside liquidators’ acts or remove liquidators – Costs on punitive scale for vexatious or unfounded allegations.
12 August 2025
The court dismissed an appeal for bail, emphasizing lack of exceptional circumstances and potential witness interference.
Criminal Law – Bail – Schedule 6 Offences – New facts and exceptional circumstances – Alleged witness recantation – Interference with state witnesses.
7 August 2025
Court orders a third property auction without a reserve price after previous failures to sell.
Civil procedure - Sale in execution - Reserve price reconsideration due to failure of two auction sales - Execution to proceed without reserve
6 August 2025
A conviction for premeditated murder, attempted murder, and firearms offences arising from domestic violence and careful fact analysis.
Criminal law – Murder – Premeditation and intent – Domestic violence context – Hearsay affidavit – Admissibility – Unlawful possession of firearms – Intoxication as defence – Evaluation of child witnesses – Chain of custody – Firearms Control Act.
5 August 2025