Interpretation Act, 1957

This is the version of this Act as it was from 23 October 1958 to 30 May 1961. Read the latest available version.
Jurisdiction
South Africa
Citation
Act 33 of 1957
Date
Language
English
Type
Legislation
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Interpretation Act, 1957

Act 33 of 1957

  1. [Amended by Interpretation Amendment Act, 1959 (Act 7 of 1959) on 23 October 1958]
ACTTo consolidate the laws relating to the interpretation and the shortening of the language of statutes.(English text signed by the Governor-General.)BE IT ENACTED by the Queen’s Most Excellent Majesty, the Senate and the House of Assembly of the Union of South Africa, as follows:—

Part I – General

1. Application of Act

The provisions of this Act shall apply to the interpretation of every law (as in this Act defined) in force, at or after the commencement of this Act, in the Union or in any portion thereof, and to the interpretation of all by-laws, rules, regulations or orders made under the authority of any such law, unless there is something in the language or context of the law, by-law, rule, regulation or order repugnant to such provisions or unless the contrary intention appears therein.

2. Definitions

The following words and expressions shall, unless the context otherwise requires or unless in the case of any law it is otherwise provided therein, have the meanings hereby assigned to them respectively, namely—
(i)"Administrator", in any law passed since the establishment of the Union, means the Administrator of the province for or in respect of which that law was enacted;
(ii)"christian name" means any name prefixed to the surname, whether received at Christian baptism or not;
(iii)"district" means the area subject to the jurisdiction of the court of any magistrate;
(iv)"Gazette"—(a)in the case of laws, proclamations, regulations, notices or other documents published prior to the thirty-first day of May, 1910, and required under a law in force prior to that day to be published in the Gazette, means the Government Gazette of the Colony wherein that law was in force; and(b)in the case of laws, proclamations, regulations, notices or other documents published after the thirty-first day of May, 1910, and required under any law to be published in the Gazette, means the Government Gazette of the Union or, if the matter is one entrusted to a provincial council under the South Africa Act, 1909, means the Official Gazette of the province concerned;
(v)"Governor-General" means the officer for the time being administering the government of the Union, acting by and with the advice of the Executive Council thereof;
(vi)"law" means any law, proclamation, ordinance, Act of Parliament or other enactment having the force of law;
(vii)"month" means a calendar month;
(viii)"oath" and "affidavit", in the case of persons allowed by law to affirm or declare instead of swearing, include affirmation and declaration, and "swear", in such case, includes "affirm" and "declare";
(ix)"Parliament" means the Parliament of the Union;
(x)"person" includes—(a)any divisional council, municipal council, village management board, or like authority;(b)any company incorporated or registered as such under any law;(c)any body of persons corporate or unincorporate;
(xi)"province" means a province of the Union;
(xii)"provincial council" means the council of a province as constituted under the South Africa Act, 1909, or any amendment thereof;
(xiii)"the Union" means the territorial limits of the Union of South Africa as constituted for the time being in accordance with the South Africa Act, 1909, or any amendment thereof;

3. Interpretation of expressions relating to writing

In every law expressions relating to writing shall, unless the contrary intention appears, be construed as including also references to typewriting, lithography, photography and all other modes of representing or reproducing words in visible form.

4. Reckoning of number of days

When any particular number of days is prescribed for the doing of any act, or for any other purpose, the same shall be reckoned exclusively of the first and inclusively of the last day, unless the last day happens to fall on a Sunday or on any public holiday, in which case the time shall be reckoned exclusively of the first day and exclusively also of every such Sunday or public holiday.

5. Measurement of distance

In the measurement of any distance for the purpose of any law, that distance shall, unless the contrary intention appears, be measured in a straight line on a horizontal plane.

6. Gender and number

In every law, unless the contrary intention appears—
(a)words importing the masculine gender include females; and
(b)words in the singular number include the plural, and words in the plural number include the singular.

7. Meaning of service by post

Where any law authorizes or requires any document to be served by post, whether the expression "serve", or "give", or "send", or any other expression is used, then, unless the contrary intention appears, the service shall be deemed to be effected by properly addressing, prepaying, and posting a registered letter containing the document, and, unless the contrary is proved, to have been effected at the time at which the letter would be delivered in the ordinary course of post.

8. Meaning of rules of court

(1)In every law, unless the contrary intention appears, the expression "rules of court", when used in relation to any court, means rules made by the authority having for the time being power to make rules or orders regulating the practice and procedure of that court.
(2)The powers of the said authority to make rules of court, as defined in sub-section (1), shall include a power to make rules of court for the purpose of any law directing or authorizing anything to be done by rules of court.

9. References to reigning Sovereign

In every law, references to the Sovereign reigning at the time of the passing of the law shall, unless the contrary intention appears, be construed as references to the Sovereign for the time being.

10. Construction of provisions as to exercise of powers and performance of duties

(1)When a law confers a power or imposes a duty then, unless the contrary intention appears, the power may be exercised and the duty shall be performed from time to time as occasion requires.
(2)Where a law confers a power, jurisdiction or right, or imposes a duty on the holder of an office as such, then, unless the contrary intention appears, the power, jurisdiction or right may be exercised and the duty shall be performed from time to time by the holder for the time being of the office or by the person lawfully acting in the capacity of such holder.
(3)Where a law confers a power to make rules, regulations or by-laws, the power shall, unless the contrary intention appears, be construed as including a power exercisable in like manner and subject to the like consent and conditions (if any) to rescind, revoke, amend or vary the rules, regulations or by-laws.
(4)Where any provision in any law confers a power or imposes a duty or entrusts a function to any Minister of State, that power may be exercised and that duty shall and that function may be performed by any other Minister of State to whom the administration of that provision may be assigned by the Governor-General, either specifically or by way of a general assignment of the administration of any law or of all laws conferring powers, imposing duties or entrusting functions to such first mentioned Minister, or by any other Minister of State acting on behalf of any such Minister.
(5)Whenever the administration of any law or any provision of any law which confers a power or imposes a duty or entrusts a function to any Minister of State, has in terms of sub-section (4) been assigned by the Governor General to any other Minister of State—
(a)any reference in that law or provision to the department of State administered by such firstmentioned Minister shall be construed as a reference to the department of State administered by such lastmentioned Minister;
(b)any reference in that law or provision to an officer in the public service attached to such firstmentioned department or to any such officer holding a specified office in that department, shall be construed as a reference to an officer in the public service attached to such lastmentioned department or, as the case may be, as a reference to such an officer holding a corresponding office in that department;
(c)any power, duty or function vested in or imposed upon or entrusted to—
(i)an officer of such firstmentioned department who is then an officer of such lastmentioned department; or
(ii)the holder of a specified office in that department, by or under that law or provision, shall be deemed to have been duly vested in or imposed upon or entrusted to the officer concerned in his capacity as an officer of such lastmentioned department or, as the case may be, to the holder of a corresponding office in that department;
(d)any regulation made or any notice, direction or order issued or any appointment made or any action taken under that law or provision prior to the date on which the administration thereof was so assigned, shall remain in full force and effect as if it had been made, issued or taken by the person who on that date was, by virtue ofthe assignment of the administration of that law or provision or the provisions of this sub-section, competent to make such regulation or to issue such notice, direction or order or to make such appointment or to take such action.
[subsection (5) added by section 1 of Act 7 of 1959]

11. Repeal and substitution

When a law repeals wholly or partially any former law and substitutes provisions for the law so repealed, the repealed law shall remain in force until the substituted provisions come into operation.

12. Effect of repeal of a law

(1)Where a law repeals and re-enacts with or without modifications, any provision of a former law, references in any other law to the provision so repealed shall, unless the contrary intention appears, be construed as references to the provision so re-enacted.
(2)Where a law repeals any other law, then unless the contrary intention appears, the repeal shall not—
(a)revive anything not in force or existing at the time at which the repeal takes effect; or
(b)affect the previous operation of any law so repealed or anything duly done or suffered under the law so repealed; or
(c)affect any right, privilege, obligation or liability acquired, accrued or incurred under any law so repealed; or
(d)affect any penalty, forfeiture or punishment incurred in respect of any offence committed against any law so repealed; or
(e)affect any investigation, legal proceeding or remedy in respect of any such right, privilege, obligation, liability, forfeiture or punishment as is in this sub-section mentioned,
and any such investigation, legal proceeding or remedy may be instituted, continued or enforced, and any such penalty, forfeiture or punishment may be imposed, as if the repealing law had not been passed.

13. Commencement of laws

(1)The expression "commencement" when used in any law and with reference thereto, means the day on which that law comes or came into operation, and that day shall, subject to the provisions of sub-section (2) and unless some other day is fixed by or under the law for the coming into operation thereof, be the day when the law was first published in the Gazette as a law.
(2)Where any law, or any order, warrant, scheme, letters patent, rules, regulations or by-laws made, granted or issued under the authority of a law, is expressed to come into operation on a particular day, it shall be construed as coming into operation immediately on the expiration of the previous day.

14. Exercise of conferred powers between passing and commencement of a law

Where a law confers a power—
(a)to make any appointment; or
(b)to make, grant or issue any instrument, order, warrant, scheme, letters patent, rules, regulations or by-laws; or
(c)to give notices; or
(d)to prescribe forms ; or
(e)to do any other act or thing for the purpose of the law,
that power may, unless the contrary intention appears, be exercised at any time after the passing of the law so far as may be necessary for the purpose of bringing the law into operation at the commencement thereof: Provided that any instrument, order, warrant, scheme, letters patent, rules, regulations or by-laws made, granted or issued under such power shall not, unless the contrary intention appears in the law or the contrary is necessary for bringing the law into operation, come into operation until the law comes into operation.

15. Notification in Gazette of official acts under authority of law

When any act, matter or thing is by any law directed or authorized to be done by the Governor-General, or by any Minister, or by any public officer, the notification that such act, matter or thing has been done may, unless a specified instrument or method is by that law prescribed for the notification, be by notice in the Gazette.

16. Certain enactments to be published in Gazette

When any by-law, regulation, rule or order is authorized by any law to be made by the Governor-General, an Administrator or a Minister, or by any local authority, public body or person, with the approval of the Governor-General, an Administrator or a Minister, such by-law, regulation, rule or order shall, subject to the provisions relative to the force and effect thereof in any law, be published in the Gazette.

17. Certain statutory rules and regulations to be laid before Parliament

When the Governor-General or a Minister is by any law authorized to make rules or regulations for any purpose in such law stated, copies of such rules and regulations shall be laid upon the Tables of both Houses of Parliament within fourteen days after the publication of the rules or regulations in the Gazette, if Parliament is then in session, or if Parliament is not then in session, within fourteen days after the commencement of its next ensuing session.

Part II – Special provisions applicable only to the Province of the Cape of Good Hope

18. Meaning of certain expressions in laws of colony of Cape of Good Hope

In the interpretation of any Act of Parliament, government notice, government advertisement, ordinance, placaat, proclamation, regulation or by-law made under the authority of any law, rule of court, or any enactment having the force of law, which came into operation in the colony of the Cape of Good Hope prior to the establishment of the Union, the following expressions shall, unless the context otherwise requires and subject to the provisions of the South Africa Act, 1909, have the meanings hereby assigned to them respectively, namely—"Charter of Justice" means the Royal Letters Patent of His Majesty King William the Fourth, dated the fourth day of May, 1832, for the better and more effectual administration of justice;"Constitution Ordinance" means the ordinance enacted on the third day of April, 1852, by His Excellency the Governor of the Cape of Good Hope with the advice and consent of the Legislative Council thereof, for constituting a Parliament for the said colony;"division" or "fiscal division" means the area under the administration of a civil commissioner within the meaning of the relevant act, notice, advertisement, ordinance, placaat, proclamation, regulation, by-law, rule of court or enactment;"Governor" includes the officer who for the time being administered the Government of the colony of the Cape of Good Hope acting by and with the advice of the Executive Council thereof;"Order-in-Council" means any order made by the Governor (as in this section defined) with the advice of the Executive Council;"solemn declaration" means a declaration made under and by virtue of the provisions of the Oaths and Declarations Act, 1891, of the colony of the Cape of Good Hope.

Part III – Special provisions applicable only to the Province of the Transvaal

19. Meaning of certain expressions in laws of the South African Republic

In the interpretation of any law or resolution of the Volksraad of the late South African Republic the following expressions shall, unless otherwise expressly provided and subject to the provisions of the South Africa Act, 1909, or of any other law, have the meanings hereby assigned to them respectively, namely—"landdrost" means magistrate;"Publieke Aanklager" means the Attorney-General of the Transvaal or any person appointed to prosecute for or on behalf of the Crown;"Staats Courant" means the Gazette;"Staats President" or any expression denoting the Head of the late South African Republic means the Governor-General of the Union;"Staats Procureur" means the Attorney-General of the Transvaal;"Staats Sekretaris" means the Minister of the Interior;"Zuid Afrikaansche Republiek", "Republiek", "Staat" or any like expression means the Transvaal,and when any act is required or authorized to be done by any such law or resolution or whenever any process is required to be taken out in the name and on behalf of the people of the South African Republic it shall be deemed to be required or authorized to be done or taken out in the name and on behalf of the Queen.

20. Meaning of expression Governor or Lieutenant-Governor in laws of the colony of Transvaal

In the interpretation of any law which came into operation in the colony of the Transvaal prior to the establishment of the Union, the expression "Governor" or "Lieutenant-Governor" includes the officer who for the time being administered the government of the said colony, acting (when by law required) by and with the advice of the Executive Council thereof.

Part IV – Special provisions applicable only to the Province of the Orange Free State

21. Meaning of certain expressions in laws of the Orange Free State

Where, in any law of the late Orange Free State, the following expressions occur they shall, unless otherwise expressly provided and subject to the provisions of the South Africa Act, 1909, or of any other law, have the meanings hereby assigned to them respectively, namely—"Goevernements Sekretaris" means the Minister of the Interior;Tanddrost" means magistrate;"Oranje Vrystaat" or "Staat" means the province of the Orange Free State;"President" or "Staatspresident" means the Governor-General ;"Raad" of "Volksraad" means Parliament;"Staatsprocureur" means the Attorney-General of the Orange Free State; '"Thesaurier-generaal" means the Minister of Finance;"Weesheer" means the Master of the Supreme Court (Orange Free State Provincial Division);"Wet boek" means the Law Book of the Orange Free State of 1891;"Zuid Afrikaansche Republiek" means the Transvaal.

22. Meaning of expression Governor or Lieutenant-Governor in laws of Orange River Colony

In the interpretation of any law which came into operation in the Orange River Colony prior to the establishment of the Union, the expression "Governor" or "Lieutenant-Governor" includes the officer who for the time being administered the government of the said colony, acting (when by law required) by and with the advice of the Executive Council thereof.

Part V – Special provisions applicable only to the Province of Natal

23. Meaning of expression Governor or Lieutenant-Governor in laws of Natal

In the interpretation of any law which came into operation in the Colony of Natal prior to the establishment of the Union, the expression "Governor" or "Lieutenant-Governor" includes the officer who for the time being administered the government of the said colony, acting (when by law required) by and with the advice of the Executive Council thereof.

Part VI – Supplementary

24. Application to State

This Act shall bind the State.

25. Repeal of Act 5 of 1910 and Act 5 of 1944

(1)Subject to the provisions of sub-section (2), the Interpretation Act, 1910, and the Interpretation Amendment Act, 1944, are hereby repealed.
(2)Any action taken under any provision of a law repealed by sub-section (1) shall be deemed to have been taken under the corresponding provision of this Act.

26. Short title

This Act shall be called the Interpretation Act, 1957.
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1. Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 584 citations

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Judgment 97
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9. Liebenberg NO and Others v Bergrivier Municipality [2013] ZACC 16 (6 June 2013) 12 citations
10. Western Cape Provincial Government and Others; In Re: DVB Behuising (Pty) Limited v North West Provincial Government and Another [2000] ZACC 2 (2 March 2000) 12 citations
11. Johannesburg Society of Advocates and Another v Seth Azwihangwisi Nthai and Others (879/2020; 880/2019) [2020] ZASCA 171 (15 December 2020) 9 citations
12. Tronox KZN Sands (Pty) Ltd v KwaZulu-Natal Planning and Development Appeal Tribunal and Others [2016] ZACC 2 (29 January 2016) 9 citations
13. MEC for Health, Province of Eastern Cape NO and Another v Kirland Investments (Pty) Ltd t/a Eye & Laser Institute (473/2012) [2013] ZASCA 58 (16 May 2013) 7 citations
14. Rahube v Rahube and Others [2018] ZACC 42 (30 October 2018) 7 citations
15. Competition Commission of South Africa v Telkom SA LTD and Others (623/2009) [2009] ZASCA 155 (27 November 2009) 6 citations
16. Fourie and Another v Minister of Home Affairs and Another (232/2003) [2004] ZASCA 132 (30 November 2004) 6 citations
17. South African Reserve Bank and Another v Shuttleworth and Another [2015] ZACC 17 (18 June 2015) 6 citations
18. Retail Motor Industry Organisation and Another v Minister of Water & Environmental Affairs and Another (145/2013) [2013] ZASCA 70 (23 May 2013) 5 citations
19. Commissioner for Inland Revenue v Friedman and Others NNO (14/1991) [1992] ZASCA 190 (5 November 1992) 4 citations
20. Commissioner of the South African Revenue Services v Daikin Air Conditioning South Africa (Pty) Ltd (185 of 2017) [2018] ZASCA 66 (25 May 2018) 4 citations
21. Minister of Home Affairs v Eisenberg and Associates In re: Eisenberg and Associates v Minister of Home Affairs and Others [2003] ZACC 10 (27 June 2003) 4 citations
22. Minister of Public Works v Haffejee NO (373/1994) [1996] ZASCA 17 (25 March 1996) 4 citations
23. Recycling and Economic Development Initiative of South Africa v Minister of Environmental Affairs ; Kusaga Taka Consulting (Pty) Ltd v Minister of Environmental Affairs (1260/2017; 1279/2017; 187/2018; 188/2018) [2019] ZASCA 1 (24 January 2019) 4 citations
24. Association of Mineworkers and Construction Union and Others v Anglo Gold Ashanti Limited t/a Anglo Gold Ashanti and Others [2021] ZACC 42 (12 November 2021) 3 citations
25. Road Accident Fund v Masindi (586 of 2017) [2018] ZASCA 94 (1 June 2018) 3 citations
26. Ynuico Ltd v Minister of Trade and Industry and Others [1996] ZACC 12 (21 May 1996) 3 citations
27. A Penglides (Pty) Ltd and Another v Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries and Another (298 of 2021) [2022] ZASCA 74 (26 May 2022) 2 citations
28. Carneiro v S (1040 of 2016) [2017] ZASCA 154 (24 November 2017) 2 citations
29. Competition Commission of South Africa v Pickfords Removals SA (Pty) Ltd (167/CAC/JullB) [2019] ZACAC 4 (3 April 2019) 2 citations
30. Khumalo v Director-General of Co-Operation and Development and Others (400/1989) [1990] ZASCA 118 (28 September 1990) 2 citations
31. Nedcor Bank Ltd v Master of the High Court and Others (440/2000) [2001] ZASCA 106 (27 September 2001) 2 citations
32. Telkom SA SOC Limited v The Commissioner for the South African Revenue Service (239/2019) [2020] ZASCA 19 (25 March 2020) 2 citations
33. Barclays Zimbabwe Nominees (Pvt) Ltd v Black (2438/1988) [1990] ZASCA 92 (14 September 1990) 1 citation
34. City of Johannesburg and Another v Ad Outpost (Pty) Ltd (55/2011) [2012] ZASCA 40 (29 March 2012) 1 citation
35. Foodcorp (Pty) Ltd v Deputy Director General: Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism: Branch Marine and Coastal Management and Others (87/2004) [2004] ZASCA 100 (19 November 2004) 1 citation
36. Hosi Technologies (Pty) Ltd v Bebeza (A 3125/2021) [2022] ZAGPJHC 617 (6 September 2022) 1 citation
37. Kloppers v MEC for Health Gauteng Province and Another (756/14) [2018] ZAGPPHC 664 (7 March 2018) 1 citation
38. Minister of Environmental Affairs and Tourism v Du Toit and Others (129/2003; 130/2003) [2003] ZASCA 77 (5 September 2003) 1 citation
39. Minister of Mineral Resources v Stern N.O.and Others ; Treasure the Karoo Action Group and Another v Department of Mineral Resources and Others (1369/2017; 790/2018) [2019] ZASCA 99 (4 July 2019) 1 citation
40. Mulaudzi v Minister of Human Settlements and Others (Reasons) (12774/2022) [2022] ZAGPJHC 17 (22 April 2022) 1 citation
41. South African Container Stevedores (Pty) Ltd v Transnet Port Terminals and Others (11445/2010) [2011] ZAKZDHC 22 (30 March 2011) 1 citation
42. Systems Applications Consultants (Pty) Ltd t/a Securinfo v Systems Applications Products AG and Others (1371/2018) [2020] ZASCA 81 (2 July 2020) 1 citation
43. ADCORP Fulfilment Services (Pty) Ltd v Prodigy Human Capital Architects (Pty) Ltd; In Re: Prodigy Human Capital Architects (Pty) Ltd v CCI SA (Umhlanga) (Pty) Ltd and Others (2018/17932) [2023] ZAGPJHC 579 (26 May 2023)
44. Aecom SA (Pty) Ltd v Rustenburg Local Municipality (1341/2017) [2024] ZANWHC 69 (12 March 2024)
45. Afrisun KZN Proprietary Ltd t/a Sibaya Casino and Entertainment Kingdon and Another v Sewpersad (AR 299/2016) [2017] ZAKZPHC 50 (3 November 2017)
46. Appleton and Another v Harnischfeger Corporation and Another (495/1992) [1994] ZASCA 141 (30 September 1994)
47. Association of Meat Importers and Exporters and Others v International Trade Administration Commission and Others (769/12; 770/12\771/12) [2013] ZASCA 108 (13 September 2013)
48. Association of Meat Importers and Exporters v International Trade Administration Commission and Others (9233/2022) [2023] ZAGPPHC 1116 (12 October 2023)
49. Banger v S (195/2015) [2015] ZASCA 79 (28 May 2015)
50. Berman Brothers (Pty) Ltd v Sodastream Ltd (47/86) [1986] ZASCA 27 (24 March 1986)
51. Berwick (nee Miller) v Villiers-Roux and Others (3688/2007) [2013] ZAWCHC 164 (20 September 2013)
52. Block v Upington Correctional Supervision and Parole Board and Others (893/2023) [2023] ZANCHC 65 (15 September 2023)
53. Body Corporate of the Chelston Hall Sectional Title Scheme v Mohamed N.O and Others (29890/18) [2021] ZAGPJHC 446 (28 June 2021)
54. CC v A' Africa Pest Prevention CC and Another (168/CAC/Oct18) [2019] ZACAC 1 (2 July 2019)
55. Casely NO v Minister of Defence (101/72) [1972] ZASCA 93 (16 November 1972)
56. Chairman of the Board on Tariffs and Trade v Volkswagen South Africa (Pty) Ltd and Another (118/1999) [2000] ZASCA 83 (30 November 2000)
57. Commissioner for Customs and Excise and Another v Kemtek Imaging Systems Ltd (1/98; 2/98) [1999] ZASCA 55 (6 September 1999)
58. Crestao Machines (Edms) Bpk v Die Afdelings - Superintendent S.A. Polisie N. Transvaal (32/71) [1971] ZASCA 68 (1 Oktober 1971)
59. Eastern Cape Transport Tertiary Co-Operative and Others v DPP and Others (2284/2021) [2022] ZAECGHC 12 (31 May 2022)
60. First South African Holdings (Pty) Ltd v Commissioner for South African Revenue Services (372/2010) [2011] ZASCA 67 (11 May 2011)
61. Frank & Hirsch (Pty) Ltd v A Roopanand Brothers (Pty) Ltd (580/1991) [1993] ZASCA 90 (2 June 1993)
62. Glencore Operations SA (Pty) Ltd and Others v Commissioner for the South African Revenue Service N.O. and Another (15988/2020) [2023] ZAGPPHC 810 (17 July 2023)
63. Hofmeyer v Saaiman t/a SA Endovascular Group Practice (C 599/2017) [2019] ZALCCT 10 (3 December 2019)
64. Ingenuity Property Investments (Pty) Ltd v Ignite Fitness (Pty) Ltd (9845/2022) [2023] ZAWCHC 125 (15 August 2023)
65. Kaplan and Katz NNO and Another v Proffesional and Executive Retirement Fund and Another (292/1997) [1999] ZASCA 27 (14 May 1999)
66. Mankayi v Anglogold Ashanti Ltd (126/2009) [2010] ZASCA 46 (31 March 2010)
67. Minister of Police v Subbulutchmi aka Subbulutchmi Moonsamy (143/80) [1980] ZASCA 85 (15 September 1980)
68. Minister of Safety &Security v Molutsi and Another (366/1995) [1996] ZASCA 75 (3 June 1996)
69. Morris NO v Airomatic (Pty) Ltd t/a Barlows Airconditioning Company (327/1988) [1989] ZASCA 163 (29 November 1989)
70. Motor Industry Bargaining Council v Khan and Another (J388/14) [2015] ZALCJHB 33 (2 September 2015)
71. Msunduzi Municipality v Member of The Executive Council of Kwazulu-Natal Province For Housing and Another (168/2003) [2004] ZASCA 10 (23 March 2004)
72. National Credit Regulator v Getbucks (Pty) Ltd and Another (140/2020) [2021] ZASCA 28 (26 March 2021)
73. National Police Service Union and Others v Minister of Safety and Security and Others (651/1997) [2000] ZASCA 17 (29 March 2000)
74. Peninsula Eye Clinic (Pty) Ltd v Newlands Surgical Clinic and Others (21325/2011) [2013] ZAWCHC 156 (22 October 2013)
75. Prudential Authority and Another v Habib Overseas Bank and Others (2023-071935) [2024] ZAGPPHC 205 (26 February 2024)
76. Publications Control Board v Central News Agency Limited (159/75) [1976] ZASCA 105 (9 December 1976)
77. R v Mailula (279/58) [1959] ZASCA 74 (19 November 1959)
78. R v Zonele and Another (61/59) [1959] ZASCA 23 (29 May 1959)
79. Ramanand v Department of Labour Compensation Commissioner (AR 191/2022) [2023] ZAKZPHC 41 (14 April 2023)
80. Reddy v Sealandair Shipping and Forwarding (Pty) Ltd and Others (Reasons) (13107/2022P) [2024] ZAKZPHC 6 (1 February 2024)
81. S v Mtshemla and Others (51/1993) [1994] ZASCA 50 (29 March 1994)
82. S v Van der Gryp (105/1987) [1988] ZASCA 112 (28 September 1988)
83. SATAWU v Tokiso (JA 117/13) [2015] ZALAC 9 (5 May 2015)
84. SZC Investments (Pty) Ltd v Swindon Property Services (Pty) Ltd (7909/21P) [2022] ZAKZPHC 59 (27 October 2022)
85. San Ridge Rental Property (Pty) Ltd v The Municipal Manager of the City of JHB Metropolitan Municipality and Others (11550/20) [2022] ZAGPJHC 316 (18 May 2022)
86. Shange v MEC for Education, Kwazulu-Natal (15860/2008) [2011] ZAKZDHC 28 (17 June 2011)
87. Shillings v Cronje and Others (462/85) [1986] ZASCA 133 (27 November 1986)
88. Shoprite Checkers (Pty) Ltd v Member of the Executive Council for Economic Development, Tourism and Environmental Affairs: KwaZulu-Natal and Others (78 of 2016) [2016] ZASCA 193 (2 December 2016)
89. Supreme Gambling CC v Minister of Safety and Security and Others (166/1999) [2000] ZASCA 165 (12 May 2000)
90. Tayob N.O. and Another v Public Investment Corporation (PIC) and Another (61684/21) [2023] ZAGPPHC 530 (10 May 2023)
91. Tayob NO and Another v Public Investment Corporation (PIC) and Another (61684//21) [2022] ZAGPPHC 570 (6 October 2022)
92. Telkom SA Ltd v Member of the Executive Council for Agricultural and Environment Affairs: KwaZulu-Natal and Others (516/2000) [2002] ZASCA 96 (5 September 2002)
93. Transnet Ltd v Ngcezula (288/1993) [1994] ZASCA 192 (30 November 1994)
94. Trustees for the time being of Groundwork Trust and Another v Minister of Environmental Affairs and Others (39724/19) [2022] ZAGPPHC 725 (18 March 2022)
95. VZ Contractors CC v King Cetshwayo District Municipality and Others (5056/2021) [2023] ZAKZDHC 54 (9 March 2023)
96. Van Heerden and Another v Joubert NO and Others (577/1992) [1994] ZASCA 101 (19 August 1994)
97. Wyebank Funerals Services CC and Others v Minister of the Trade and the Industry and Others (4293/2007) [2009] ZAKZDHC 4 (27 March 2009)
Legislation 8
1. Criminal Procedure Act, 1977 3913 citations
2. Banks Act, 1990 856 citations
3. National Environmental Management: Waste Act, 2008 420 citations
4. Minerals Act, 1991 273 citations
5. Financial Sector Regulation Act, 2017 121 citations
6. Gauteng Liquor Act 1 citation
7. Eastern Cape Liquor Authority Act, 2018
8. Firearms Control Regulations, 2004