National Credit Act, 2005

Act 34 of 2005

This is the latest version of this Act.

Citation

Act 34 of 2005

Date

Language

English

Type

Act

Taxonomies

National Credit Act, 2005

Act 34 of 2005

Published in Government Gazette 28619 on 15 March 2006
Assented to on 10 March 2006
There are multiple commencements

Provisions	Status
Chapter 1 (section 1–11); Chapter 2, Part A (section 12–25); Part C (section 35–36); Part D (section 37–38); Chapter 3 (section 39–59); Chapter 4, Part B, section 69, section 73; Chapter 7 (section 134–152); Chapter 8, Part A (section 153–155); Part B (section 156–162); Part C, section 164–170; Chapter 9 (section 171–173)	commenced on 1 June 2006 by Proclamation 22 of 2006.
Chapter 2, Part B (section 26–34); Chapter 4, Part B, section 67–68, section 70, section 72	commenced on 1 September 2006 by Proclamation 22 of 2006.
Chapter 4, Part A (section 60–66); Part B, section 71; Part C (section 74–77); Part D (section 78–88); Chapter 5 (section 89–123); Chapter 6 (section 124–133); Chapter 8, Part C, section 163	commenced on 1 June 2007 by Proclamation 22 of 2006.
Chapter 6, Part A, section 126A; Chapter 7, Part C, section 141A	commenced on 31 March 2011.
Chapter 2, Part A, section 17(4)(e), section 23(3)–(5); Part B, section 26(4)(a)–(b), (5)–(11), section 34(1)–(2); Chapter 3, Part A, section 44A, section 45(4)–(5), section 48(1A), section 48A, section 49(1)(e), section 51(1)(d), section 52(4)(b)(iii); Part B, section 58A; Chapter 4, Part B, section 71(1)(a)–(b), (4)(a)–(b), section 71A, section 73(1)(aA); Part D, section 86(10)(a)(i)–(iii); Chapter 5, Part A, section 91(1)–(2); Part C, section 100(3), section 106(8); Chapter 6, Part A, section 126B; Part C, section 129(5)–(7); Chapter 7, Part A, section 134A–134B; Chapter 8, Part C, section 163(1A)–(1C)	commenced on 13 March 2015.
Chapter 3, Part B, section 55(2)(a)–(b)	commenced on 30 June 2021.

[This is the version of this document from 30 June 2021.]

[Amended by Consumer Protection Act, 2008 (Act 68 of 2008) on 31 March 2011]
[Amended by National Credit Amendment Act, 2014 (Act 19 of 2014) on 13 March 2015]
[Amended by Financial Sector Regulation Act, 2017 (Act 9 of 2017) on 1 October 2018]
[Amended by Protection of Personal Information Act, 2013 (Act 4 of 2013) on 30 June 2021]

ACTTo promote a fair and non-discriminatory marketplace for access to consumer credit and for that purpose to provide for the general regulation of consumer credit and improved standards of consumer information; to promote black economic empowerment and ownership within the consumer credit industry; to prohibit certain unfair credit and credit-marketing practices; to promote responsible credit granting and use and for that purpose to prohibit reckless credit granting; to provide for debt re-organisation in cases of over-indebtedness; to regulate credit information; to provide for registration of credit bureaux, credit providers and debt counselling services; to establish national norms and standards relating to consumer credit; to promote a consistent enforcement framework relating to consumer credit; to establish the National Credit Regulator and the National Consumer Tribunal; to repeal the Usury Act, 1968, and the Credit Agreements Act, 1980; and to provide for related incidental matters.BE IT ENACTED by the Parliament of the Republic of South Africa, as follows:—

Chapter 1
Interpretation, purpose and application of Act

Part A – Interpretation

1. Definitions

In this Act—"advertisement" means any written, illustrated, visual or other descriptive material, communication, representation or reference by means of which a person seeks to bring to the attention of all or part of the public the nature, properties, advantages or uses of, conditions on, or prices of—(a)goods to be purchased, leased or otherwise acquired;(b)any available service; or(c)credit to be granted;"agreement" includes an arrangement or understanding between or among two or more parties, which purports to establish a relationship in law between those parties;"alternative dispute resolution agent" means a person providing services to assist in the resolution of consumer credit disputes through conciliation, mediation or arbitration;"applicable provincial legislation" means legislation enacted by a province concerning credit agreements;"Board" [definition of "Board" deleted by section 1(a) of Act 19 of 2014];"Cabinet" means the Cabinet referred to in section 91 of the Constitution;"code of conduct" except in respect of the industry code of conduct contemplated in section 76, means a code regulating the interaction between or among persons conducting business within an industry;[definition of "code of conduct" inserted by section 1(b) of Act 19 of 2014]"collection costs" means an amount that may be charged by a credit provider in respect of enforcement of a consumer’s monetary obligations under a credit agreement, but does not include a default administration charge;"collective agreement" has the meaning set out in the Labour Relations Act, 1995 (Act No. 66 of 1995);"complainant" means a person who has filed a complaint in terms of section 136(1);"confidential information" means personal information that belongs to a person and is not generally available to or known by others;"co-operative" means an autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet their common economic and social needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and democratically controlled enterprise organised and operated on co-operative principles;"consumer", in respect of a credit agreement to which this Act applies, means—(a)the party to whom goods or services are sold under a discount transaction, incidental credit agreement or instalment agreement;(b)the party to whom money is paid, or credit granted, under a pawn transaction;(c)the party to whom credit is granted under a credit facility;(d)the mortgagor under a mortgage agreement;(e)the borrower under a secured loan;(f)the lessee under a lease;(g)the guarantor under a credit guarantee; or(h)the party to whom or at whose direction money is advanced or credit granted under any other credit agreement;"consumer court" means a body of that name, or a consumer tribunal, established by provincial legislation;"continuous service" means the supply for consideration of a utility or service, other than credit or access to credit, or the supply of such a utility or service combined with the supply of any goods that are essential for the utilisation of that utility or service by the consumer, with the intent that, so long as the agreement to supply that utility or service remains in force, the supplier will make the service continuously available to be used, accessed or drawn upon—(a)from time to time as determined by the consumer; and(b)with any frequency or in any amount as determined, accessed, required, demanded or drawn upon by the consumer, subject only to any total use or cost limits set out in the agreement;"credit", when used as a noun, means—(a)a deferral of payment of money owed to a person, or a promise to defer such a payment; or(b)a promise to advance or pay money to or at the direction of another person;"credit agent" means a person appointed to represent a credit provider as contemplated in section 163, other than an employee of that credit provider;"credit bureau" means a person required to apply for registration as such in terms of section 43(1);"credit agreement" means an agreement that meets all the criteria set out in section 8;"credit facility" means an agreement that meets all the criteria set out in section 8(3);"credit guarantee" means an agreement that meets all the criteria set out in section 8(5);"credit insurance" means an agreement between an insurer, on one hand, and a credit provider or a consumer or both, on the other hand, in terms of which the insurer agrees to pay a benefit upon the occurrence of a specified contingency, primarily for the purpose of satisfying all or part of the consumer’s liability to the credit provider under a credit agreement as at the time that the specified contingency occurs, and includes—(a)a credit life insurance agreement;(b)an agreement covering loss of or damage to property; or(c)an agreement covering—(i)loss or theft of an access card, personal information number or similar device; or(ii)any loss or theft of credit consequential to a loss or theft contemplated in subparagraph (i);"credit life insurance" includes cover payable in the event of a consumer’s death, disability, terminal illness, unemployment, or other insurable risk that is likely to impair the consumer’s ability to earn an income or meet the obligations under a credit ameement;"credit provider", in respect of a credit agreement to which this Act applies, means—(a)the party who supplies goods or services under a discount transaction, incidental credit agreement or instalment agreement;(b)the party who advances money or credit under a pawn transaction;(c)the party who extends credit under a credit facility;(d)the mortgagee under a mortgage agreement;(e)the lender under a secured loan;(f)the lessor under a lease;(g)the party to whom an assurance or promise is made under a credit guarantee;(h)the party who advances money or credit to another under any other credit agreement; or(i)any other person who acquires the rights of a credit provider under a credit agreement after it has been entered into;"credit regulator" means a provincial credit regulator or the National Credit Regulator established by section 12;"credit transaction" means an agreement that meets the criteria set out in section 8(4);"credit co-operative" means a co-operative whose predominant purpose is to offer financial services to its members;"default administration charge" means a charge that may be imposed by a credit provider to cover administration costs incurred as a result of a consumer defaulting on an obligation under a credit agreement;"developmental credit agreement" means a credit agreement that satisfies the criteria set out in section 10;"discount transaction" means an agreement, irrespective of its form, in terms of Which—(a)goods or services are to be provided to a consumer over a period of time; and(b)more than one price is quoted for the goods or service, the lower price being applicable if the account is paid on or before a determined date, and a higher price or prices being applicable if the price is paid after that date, or is paid periodically during the period;"educational loan" means—(a)a student loan;(b)a school loan; or(c)another credit agreement entered into by a consumer for purposes related to the consumer’s adult education, training or development;"effective date", in relation to any particular provision of this Act, means the date on which that provision came into operation;"emergency loan" means a credit agreement entered into by a consumer to finance costs arising from or associated with—(a)a death, illness or medical condition;(b)unexpected loss or interruption of income; or(c)catastrophic loss of or damage to home or property due to fire, theft, or natural disaster,affecting the consumer, a person who is dependent upon the consumer or a person for whom the consumer is financially responsible;"equality court" has the meaning set out in the Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act;"incidental credit agreement" means an agreement, irrespective of its form, in terms of which an account was tendered for goods or services that have been provided to the consumer, or goods or services that are to be provided to a consumer over a period of time and either or both of the following conditions apply:(a)a fee, charge or interest became payable when payment of an amount charged in terms of that account was not made on or before a determined period or date; or(b)two prices were quoted for settlement of the account, the lower price being applicable if the account is paid on or before a determined date, and the higher price being applicable due to the account not having been paid by that date."initiation fee" means a fee in respect of costs of initiating a credit agreement, and—(a)charged to the consumer by the credit provider; or(b)paid to the credit provider by the consumer upon entering into the credit agreement;"inspector" means a person appointed as such in terms of section 25(1)(a);"instalment agreement" means a sale of movable property in terms of which—(a)all or part of the price is deferred and is to be paid by periodic payments;(b)possession and use of the property is transferred to the consumer;(c)ownership of the property either—(i)passes to the consumer only when the agreement is fully complied with; or(ii)passes to the consumer immediately subject to a right of the credit provider to re-possess the property if the consumer fails to satisfy all of the consumer’s financial obligations under the agreement; and(d)interest, fees or other charges are payable to the credit provider in respect of the agreement, or the amount that has been deferred;"juristic person" includes a partnership, association or other body of persons, corporate or unincorporated, or a trust if—(a)there are three or more individual trustees; or(b)the trustee is itself a juristic person,but does not include a stokvel;"Land and Agricultural Development Bank" has the meaning set out in the Land and Agricultural Development Bank Act, 2002 (Act No. 15 of 2002);"lease" means an agreement in terms of which—(a)temporary possession of any movable property is delivered to or at the direction of the consumer, or the right to use any such property is granted to or at the direction of the consumer;(b)payment for the possession or use of that property is—(i)made on an agreed or determined periodic basis during the life of the agreement; or(ii)deferred in whole or in part for any period during the life of the agreement;(c)interest, fees or other charges are payable to the credit provider in respect of the agreement, or the amount that has been deferred; and(d)at the end of the term of the agreement, ownership of that property either—(i)passes to the consumer absolutely; or(ii)passes to the consumer upon satisfaction of specific conditions set out in the agreement;"licence" means the authority, regardless of its specific title or form, issued to a regulated financial institution and in terms of which it is authorised to conduct its business;"low income housing" includes any housing provided in terms of a housing development program, housing assistance measure or any other measure or arrangement designed to—(a)facilitate access to housing or housing delivery; or(b)rehabilitate or upgrade existing housing stock, or related municipal infrastructure and services, for the benefit of persons contemplated in section 13(a) or other persons who cannot independently provide for their own housing needs;"Magistrates’ Courts Act" means the Magistrates’ Courts Act, 1944 (Act No. 32 of 1944);"MEC" means a Member of the Executive Council;"member of the Board" [definition of "member of the Board" deleted by section 1(c) of Act 19 of 2014]"Minister" means the member of the Cabinet responsible for consumer credit matters;"mortgage" means a mortgage bond registered by the registrar of deeds over immovable property that serves as continuing covering security for a mortgage agreement;[definition of "mortgage" substituted by section 1(d) of Act 19 of 2014]"mortgage agreement" means a credit agreement that is secured by the registration of a mortgage bond by the registrar of deeds over immovable property;[definition of "mortgage agreement" substituted by section 1(e) of Act 19 of 2014]"official language" means an official language listed in section 6(1) of the Constitution;"ombud with jurisdiction", in respect of any particular dispute arising out of a credit agreement in terms of which the credit provider is a "financial institution" as defined in the Financial Sector Regulation Act, 2017, means an "ombud scheme", as that term is defined in that Act, that has jurisdiction in terms of that Act to deal with a complaint against that financial institution;[definition of "ombud with jurisdiction" substituted by section 290 of Act 9 of 2017]"organ of state" means an organ of state as defined in section 239 of the Constitution;"pawn transaction" means an agreement, irrespective of its form, in terms of which—(a)one party advances money or grants credit to another, and at the time of doing so, takes possession of goods as security for the money advanced or credit granted; and(b)either—(i)the estimated resale value of the goods exceeds the value of the money provided or the credit granted, or(ii)a charge, fee or interest is imposed in respect of the agreement, or in respect of the amount loaned or the credit granted; and(c)the party that advanced the money or granted the credit is entitled on expiry of a defined period to sell the goods and retain all the proceeds of the sale in settlement of the consumer’s obligations under the agreement;"payment distribution agent" means a person who on behalf of a consumer, that has applied for debt review in terms of this Act, distributes payments to credit providers in terms of a debt rearrangement, court order, order of the Tribunal or an agreement;[definition of "payment distribution agent" inserted by section 1(f) of Act 19 of 2014]"premises" includes land, or any building, structure, vehicle, ship, boat, vessel, aircraft or container;"prescribed" means prescribed by regulation;"principal debt" means the amount calculated in accordance with section 101(1)(a);"private dwelling" means any part of a formal or informal structure that is occupied as a residence, or any part of a structure or outdoor living area that is accessory to, and used principally for the purposes of, a residence;"prohibited conduct" means any act or omission in contravention of the Act, other than an act or omission as contemplated in section 55(2)(b) or that constitutes an offence under this Act, by—(a)an unregistered person who is required to be registered to engage in such an act; or(b)a credit provider, credit bureau or debt counselor;[definition of "prohibited conduct" substituted by section 1(g) of Act 19 of 2014 and by section 110 of Act 4 of 2013]"Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act" means the Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act, 2000 (Act No. 4 of 2000);"provincial credit regulator" means a body within the provincial sphere of government authorised to regulate consumer credit matters within a province;"public interest credit agreement" means a credit agreement that meets all the criteria prescribed in terms of section 11, and which is therefore exempt from the application of provisions of this Act concerning reckless credit;"public regulation" means any national, provincial or local government legislation or subordinate legislation, or any licence, tariff, directive or similar authorisation issued by a regulatory authority or pursuant to any statutory authority;"reckless credit" means the credit granted to a consumer under a credit agreement concluded in circumstances described in section 80;"registrant" means a person who has been registered in terms of this Act;"regulated financial institution" means a bank as defined in the Banks Act, 1990 (Act No. 94 of 1990) a Mutual Bank as defined in the Mutual Banks Act, 1993 (Act No. 124 of 1993); or any other financial institution that is similarly licensed and authorised to conduct business and take deposits from the public, in terms of any national legislation;"regulation" means a regulation made under this Act;"regulatory authority" means an entity established in terms of national or provincial legislation responsible for regulating an industry, or sector of an industry;"repealed law" means an Act mentioned in section 172(4), or a public regulation made in terms of such an Act;"representative trade union" has the meaning set out in the Labour Relations Act, 1995 (Act No. 66 of 1995);"respondent" means a person against whom a complaint or application has been initiated in terms of this Act;"school loan" means a credit agreement in terms of which—(a)money is paid to a primary or secondary school on account of school fees or related costs for the benefit of the consumer’s child or other dependant; or(b)a primary or secondary school defers payment of all or part of the school fees or related costs for the consumer’s child or other dependant;"secured loan" means an agreement, irrespective of its form but not including an instalment agreement, in terms of which a person—(a)advances money or grants credit to another, and(b)retains, or receives a pledge to any movable property or other thing of value as security for all amounts due under that agreement;[paragraph (b) substituted by section 1(h) of Act 19 of 2014]"service fee" means a fee that may be charged periodically by a credit provider in connection with the routine administration cost of maintaining a credit agreement;"settlement value" means the amount in respect of a credit agreement that is required to be paid on a particular date to satisfy all the consumer’s financial obligations to the credit provider, as calculated in accordance with section 125(2);"sms" means a short message service provided through a telecommunication system;"small business" has the meaning set out in the National Small Business Act, 1996 (Act No. 102 of 1996);"South African Reserve Bank" has the meaning set out in the South African Reserve Bank Act, 1989 (Act No. 90 of 1989);"statutory exception" means a provision of this Act that specifically provides for exceptional treatment of developmental credit agreements;"stokvel" means a formal or informal rotating financial scheme with entertainment, social or economic functions, which—(a)consists of two or more persons in a voluntary association, each of whom has pledged mutual support to the others towards the attainment of specific objectives;(b)establishes a continuous pool of capital by raising funds by means of the subscriptions of the members;(c)grants credit to and on behalf of members;(d)provides for members to share in profits from, and to nominate management of, the scheme; and(e)relies on self-imposed regulation to protect the interest of its members;"student loan" means a credit agreement in terms of which—(a)money is paid by the credit provider to an institution of tertiary education on account of education fees or related costs for the benefit of the consumer or a dependant of the consumer; or(b)an institution of tertiary education defers payment of all or part of the consumer’s education fees or related costs;"temporary increase" with respect to the credit limit applicable to a credit facility, means an increase in circumstances described in section 119(2);"this Act" includes a Schedule to this Act, a regulation made or a notice issued under this Act;"Tribunal" means the National Consumer Tribunal established by section 26; and"utility" means the supply to the public of an essential—(a)commodity, such as electricity, water, or gas; or(b)service, such as waste removal, or access to sewage lines, telecommunication networks or any transportation infrastructure.

2. Interpretation

(1)This Act must be interpreted in a manner that gives effect to the purposes set out in section 3.

(2)Any person, court or tribunal interpreting or applying this Act may consider appropriate foreign and international law.

(3)If a provision of this Act requires a document to be signed or initialed by a party to a credit agreement, that signing or initialing may be effected by use of—

(a)an advanced electronic signature, as defined in the Electronic Communications Act, 2002 (Act No. 25 of 2002); or

(b)an electronic signature as defined in the Electronic Communications Act, 2002 (Act No. 25 of 2002), provided that—

(i)the electronic signature is applied by each party in the physical presence of the other party or an agent of the party; and

(ii)the credit provider must take reasonable measures to prevent the use of the consumer's electronic signature for any purpose other than the signing or initialing of the particular document that the consumer intended to sign or initial.

(4)Despite the periods of time set out in section 7(1) and 42(1), each successive threshold determined by the Minister in terms of either section continues in effect until a subsequent threshold in terms of that section takes effect.

(5)When a particular number of business days is provided for between the happening of one event and another, the number of days must be calculated by—

(a)excluding the day on which the first such event occurs;

(b)including the day on or by which the second event is to occur; and

(c)excluding any public holiday, Saturday or Sunday that falls on or between the days contemplated in paragraphs (a) and (b) respectively.

(6)For all purposes of this Act, a person is a historically disadvantaged person if that person—

(a)is one of a category of natural persons who, before the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993 (Act No. 200 of 1993), came into operation, were disadvantaged by unfair discrimination on the basis of race;

(b)is an association, a majority of whose members are natural persons referred to in paragraph (a);

(c)is a juristic person other than an association, and natural persons referred to in paragraph (a) own and control a majority of its issued share capital or members’ interest and are able to control a majority of its votes; or

(d)is a juristic person or association, and persons referred to in paragraph (a), (b) or (c) own and control a majority of its issued share capital or members’ interest and are able to control a majority of its votes.

(7)Except as specifically set out in, or necessarily implied by, this Act, the provisions of this Act are not to be construed as—

(a)limiting, amending, repealing or otherwise altering any provision of any other Act;

(b)exempting any person from any duty or obligation imposed by any other Act; or

(c)prohibiting any person from complying with any provision of another Act.

Part B – Purpose and application

3. Purpose of Act

The purposes of this Act are to promote and advance the social and economic welfare of South Africans, promote a fair, transparent, competitive, sustainable, responsible, efficient, effective and accessible credit market and industry, and to protect consumers, by—

(a)promoting the development of a credit market that is accessible to all South Africans, and in particular to those who have historically been unable to access credit under sustainable market conditions;

(b)ensuring consistent treatment of different credit products and different credit providers;

(c)promoting responsibility in the credit market by—

(i)encouraging responsible borrowing, avoidance of over-indebtedness and fulfilment of financial obligations by consumers; and

(ii)discouraging reckless credit granting by credit providers and contractual default by consumers;

(d)promoting equity in the credit market by balancing the respective rights and responsibilities of credit providers and consumers;

(e)addressing and correcting imbalances in negotiating power between consumers and credit providers by—

(i)providing consumers with education about credit and consumer rights;

(ii)providing consumers with adequate disclosure of standardised information in order to make informed choices; and

(iii)providing consumers with protection from deception, and from unfair or fraudulent conduct by credit providers and credit bureaux;

(f)improving consumer credit information and reporting and regulation of credit bureaux;

(g)addressing and preventing over-indebtedness of consumers, and providing mechanisms for resolving over-indebtedness based on the principle of satisfaction by the consumer of all responsible financial obligations;

(h)providing for a consistent and accessible system of consensual resolution of disputes arising from credit agreements; and

(i)providing for a consistent and harmonised system of debt restructuring, enforcement and judgment, which places priority on the eventual satisfaction of all responsible consumer obligations under credit agreements.

4. Application of Act

(1)Subject to sections 5 and 6, this Act applies to every credit agreement between parties dealing at arm’s length and made within, or having an effect within, the Republic, except—

(a)a credit agreement in terms of which the consumer is—

(i)a juristic person whose asset value or annual turnover, together with the combined asset value or annual turnover of all related juristic persons, at the time the agreement is made, equals or exceeds the threshold value determined by the Minister in terms of section 7(1);

(ii)the state; or

(iii)an organ of state;

(b)a large agreement, as described in section 9(4), in terms of which the consumer is a juristic person whose asset value or annual turnover is, at the time the agreement is made, below the threshold value determined by the Minister in terms of section 7(1);

(c)a credit agreement in terms of which the credit provider is the Reserve Bank of South Africa; or

(d)a credit agreement in respect of which the credit provider is located outside the Republic, approved by the Minister on application by the consumer in the prescribed manner and form.

(2)For greater certainty in applying subsection (1)—

(a)the asset value or annual turnover of a juristic person at the time a credit agreement is made, is the value stated as such by that juristic person at the time it applies for or enters into that agreement;

(b)in any of the following arrangements, the parties are not dealing at arm’s length:

(i)a shareholder loan or other credit agreement between a juristic person, as consumer, and a person who has a controlling interest in that juristic person, as credit provider;

(ii)a loan to a shareholder or other credit agreement between a juristic person, as credit provider, and a person who has a controlling interest in that juristic person, as consumer;

(iii)a credit agreement between natural persons who are in a familial relationship and—

(aa)are co-dependent on each other; or

(bb)one is dependent upon the other; and

(iv)any other arrangement—

(aa)in which each party is not independent of the other and consequently does not necessarily strive to obtain the utmost possible advantage out of the transaction; or

(bb)that is of a type that has been held in law to be between parties who are not dealing at arm’s length;

(c)this Act applies to a credit guarantee only to the extent that this Act applies to a credit facility or credit transaction in respect of which the credit guarantee is granted; and

(d)a juristic person is related to another juristic person if—

(i)one of them has direct or indirect control over the whole or part of the business of the other; or

(ii)a person has direct or indirect control over both of them.

(3)The application of this Act in terms of subsection (1) extends to a credit agreement or proposed credit agreement irrespective of whether the credit provider—

(a)resides or has its principal office within or outside the Republic; or

(b)subject to subsection (1)(c), is—

(i)an organ of state;

(ii)an entity controlled by an organ of state;

(iii)an entity created in terms of any public regulation; or

(iv)the Land and Agricultural Development Bank.

(4)If this Act applies to a credit agreement—

(a)it continues to apply to that agreement even if a party to that agreement ceases to reside or have its principal office within the Republic; and

(b)it applies in relation to every transaction, act or omission under that agreement, whether that transaction, act or omission occurs within or outside the Republic.

(5)If a person sells any goods or services and accepts, as full payment for those goods or services—

(a)a cheque or similar instrument upon which payment is subsequently refused for any reason; or

(b)a charge by or on behalf of the buyer against a credit facility in terms of which a third person is the credit provider, and that credit provider subsequently refuses that charge for any reason,

the resulting debt owed to the seller by the issuer of that cheque or charge does not constitute a credit agreement for any purpose of this Act.

(6)Despite any other provision of this Act—

(a)if a consumer pays fully or partially for goods or services through a charge against a credit facility that is provided by a third party, the person who sells the goods or services must not be regarded as having entered into a credit agreement with the consumer merely by virtue of that payment; and

(b)if an agreement provides that a supplier of a utility or other continuous service—

(i)will defer payment by the consumer until the supplier has provided a periodic statement of account for that utility or other continuous service; and

(ii)will not impose any charge contemplated in section 103 in respect of any amount so deferred, unless the consumer fails to pay the full amount due within at least 30 days after the date on which the periodic statement is delivered to the consumer,

that agreement is not a credit facility within the meaning of section 8(3), but any overdue amount in terms of that agreement, as contemplated in subparagraph is incidental credit to which this Act applies to the extent set out in section 5.

(7)In respect of an advertisement concerning credit, or in respect of a credit agreement or proposed credit agreement to which this Act applies, if there is an inconsistency between a provision of this Act read with any relevant definition in section 1, and a provision of sections 42 to 51 of the Electronic Communications and Transactions Act, 2002 (Act No. 25 of 2002)—

(a)the provisions of both Acts apply concurrently, to the extent that it is possible to apply and comply with one of the inconsistent provisions without contravening the second; and

(b)the provisions of this Act prevail to the extent that it is impossible to apply or comply with one of the inconsistent provisions without contravening the second.

5. Limited application of Act to incidental credit agreements

(1)Only the following provisions of this Act apply with respect to an incidental credit agreement:

(a)Chapters 1, 2, 7, 8 and 9;

(b)Chapter 3, sections 54 and 59;

(c)Chapter 4, Parts A and B;

(d)Chapter 4, Part D, except to the extent that it deals with reckless credit;

(e)Chapter 5, Part C, subject to subsection (3)(a);

(f)Chapter 5, Parts D and E, once the incidental credit agreement is deemed to have been made in terms of subsection (2); and

(g)Chapter 6, Parts A and C.

(2)The parties to an incidental credit agreement are deemed to have made that agreement on the date that is 20 business days after—

(a)the supplier of the goods or services that are the subject of that account, first charges a late payment fee or interest in respect of that account; or

(6)a pre-determined higher price for full settlement of the account first becomes applicable,[Please note: numbering as in original.]

unless the consumer has fully paid the settlement value before that date.

(3)A person may only charge or recover a fee, charge or interest—

(a)in respect of a deferred amount under an incidental credit agreement as provided for in section 101(d), (f) and (g) subject to any maximum rates of interest or fees imposed in terms of section 105; or

(6)in respect of an unpaid amount contemplated in paragraph (a) of the definition of "incidental credit agreement" only if the credit provider has disclosed, and the consumer has accepted, the amount of such a fee, charge or interest, or the basis on which it may become payable, on or before the date on which the relevant goods or services were supplied.[Please note: numbering as in original.]

6. Limited application of Act when consumer is juristic person

The following provisions of this Act do not apply to a credit agreement or proposed credit agreement in terms of which the consumer is a juristic person:

(a)Chapter 4 — Parts C and D;

(b)Chapter 5 — Part A — section 89(2)(b);

(c)Chapter 5 — Part A — section 90(2)(o); and

(d)Chapter 5 — Part C.

7. Threshold determination and industry tiers

(1)On the effective date, and at intervals of not more than five years, the Minister, by notice in the Gazette, must determine—

(a)a monetary asset value or annual turnover threshold of not more than R 1 000 000 for the purpose of section 4(1); and

(b)two further monetary thresholds for the purposes of determining the three categories of credit agreements contemplated in section 9.

(2)For the purpose of applying a monetary threshold determined in terms of subsection (1)(b) to a credit facility, the principal debt of the credit facility is the credit limit under that facility.

(3)The initial thresholds determined by the Minister in terms of this section take effect on the effective date, and each subsequent threshold takes effect six months after the date on which it is published in the Gazette.

Part C – Classification and categories of credit agreements

8. Credit agreements

(1)Subject to subsection (2), an agreement constitutes a credit agreement for the purposes of this Act if it is—

(a)a credit facility, as described in subsection (3);

(b)a credit transaction, as described in subsection (4);

(c)a credit guarantee, as described in subsection (5); or

(d)any combination of the above.

(2)An agreement, irrespective of its form, is not a credit agreement if it is—

(a)a policy of insurance or credit extended by an insurer solely to maintain the payment of premiums on a policy of insurance;

(b)a lease of immovable property; or

(c)a transaction between a stokvel and a member of that stokvel in accordance with the rules of that stokvel.

(3)An agreement, irrespective of its form but not including an agreement contemplated in subsection (2) or section 4(6)(b), constitutes a credit facility if, in terms of that agreement—

(a)a credit provider undertakes—

(i)to supply goods or services or to pay an amount or amounts, as determined by the consumer from time to time, to the consumer or on behalf of, or at the direction of, the consumer; and

(ii)either to—

(aa)defer the consumer’s obligation to pay any part of the cost of goods or services, or to repay to the credit provider any part of an amount contemplated in subparagraph (i); or

(bb)bill the consumer periodically for any part of the cost of goods or services, or any part of an amount, contemplated in subparagraph (i); and

(b)any charge, fee or interest is payable to the credit provider in respect of—

(i)any amount deferred as contemplated in paragraph (a)(ii)(aa); or

(ii)any amount billed as contemplated in paragraph (a)(ii)(bb) and not paid within the time provided in the agreement.

(4)An agreement, irrespective of its form but not including an agreement contemplated in subsection (2), constitutes a credit transaction if it is—

(a)a pawn transaction or discount transaction;

(b)an incidental credit agreement, subject to section 5(2);

(c)an instalment agreement;

(d)a mortgage agreement or secured loan;

(e)a lease; or

(f)any other agreement, other than a credit facility or credit guarantee, in terms of which payment of an amount owed by one person to another is deferred, and any charge, fee or interest is payable to the credit provider in respect of—

(i)the agreement; or

(ii)the amount that has been deferred.

(5)An agreement, irrespective of its form but not including an agreement contemplated in subsection (2), constitutes a credit guarantee if, in terms of that agreement, a person undertakes or promises to satisfy upon demand any obligation of another consumer in terms of a credit facility or a credit transaction to which this Act applies.

(6)If, as contemplated in subsection (1)(d), a particular credit agreement constitutes both a credit facility as described in subsection (3) and a credit transaction in terms of subsection (4)(d)—

(a)subject to paragraph (b), that agreement is equally subject to any provision of this Act that applies specifically or exclusively to either—

(i)credit facilities; or

(ii)mortgage agreements or secured loans, as the case may be, and

(b)for the purpose of applying—

(i)section 108, that agreement must be regarded as a credit facility; or

(ii)section 4(1)(b) read with section 9(4), that agreement must be regarded as a large agreement if it is a mortgage agreement.

9. Categories of credit agreements

(1)For all purposes of this Act, every credit agreement is characterised as a small agreement, an intermediate agreement, or a large agreement, as described in subsections (2), (3) and (4) respectively.

(2)A credit agreement is a small agreement if it is—

(a)a pawn transaction;

(b)a credit facility, if the credit limit under that facility falls at or below the lower of the thresholds established in terms of section 7(1)(b); or

(c)any other credit transaction except a mortgage agreement or a credit guarantee, and the principal debt under that transaction or guarantee falls at or below the lower of the thresholds established in terms of section 7(1)(b).

(3)A credit agreement is an intermediate agreement if it is—

(a)a credit facility, if the credit limit under that facility falls above the lower of the thresholds established in terms of section 7(1)(b); or

(b)any credit transaction except a pawn transaction, a mortgage agreement or a credit guarantee, and the principal debt under that transaction or guarantee falls between the thresholds established in terms of section 7(1)(b).

(4)A credit agreement is a large agreement if it is—

(a)a mortgage agreement; or

(b)any other credit transaction except a pawn transaction or a credit guarantee, and the principal debt under that transaction or guarantee falls at or above the higher of the thresholds established in terms of section 7(1)(b).

10. Developmental credit agreements

(1)A credit agreement, irrespective of its form, type or category, is a developmental credit agreement if—

(a)at the time the agreement is entered into, the credit provider holds a supplementary registration certificate issued in terms of an application contemplated in section 41; and

(b)the credit agreement is—

(i)between a credit co-operative as credit provider, and a member of that credit co-operative as consumer, if profit is not the dominant purpose for entering into the agreement, and the principal debt under that agreement does not exceed the prescribed maximum amount;

(ii)an educational loan; or

(iii)entered into for any of the following purposes—

(aa)development of a small business;

(bb)the acquisition, rehabilitation, building or expansion of low income housing; or

(cc)any other purpose prescribed in terms of subsection (2)(a).

(2)The Minister may prescribe—

(a)additional purposes, as contemplated in subsection (1)(b)(iii)(cc), that are designed to promote the socio-economic development and welfare of persons contemplated in section 13(a);

(b)a maximum principal debt above which a credit agreement contemplated in subsection (1)(b)(i) does not automatically qualify as a developmental credit agreement; and

(c)criteria and standards to be applied by the National Credit Regulator in considering whether a credit provider’s dominant purpose for making an agreement was profit or a purpose other than profit, including but not limited to the extent to which the credit agreement concerned contributes to the socio-economic development and welfare of persons contemplated in section 13(a).

11. Public interest credit agreements

(1)The Minister—

(a)by declaration in accordance with subsection (2); or

(b)by regulation in accordance with subsection (3),

may declare that credit agreements entered into in specified circumstances, or for specified purposes, during a specific period or until the declaration or regulation is repealed, are public interest credit agreements.

(2)The Minister, by notice in the Gazette, may make a declaration contemplated in subsection (1)(a)—

(a)in order to promote the availability of credit in all or part of the Republic in circumstances of natural disaster or similar emergent and grave public interest: and

(b)with or without prior notice or consultation, as the Minister may determine having regard to the circumstances.

(3)The Minister may make a regulation contemplated in subsection (1)(b)—

(a)in order to promote the availability of credit in all or part of the Republic in any circumstances that the Minister considers to be in the public interest; and

(b)in accordance with the provisions of section 171(2).

(4)When making a declaration or regulation contemplated in subsection (1) the Minister must prescribe the following criteria applicable to determining whether a credit agreement qualifies as a public interest credit agreement:

(a)The public interest circumstances in which credit may be granted or made available to a consumer;

(b)the maximum permissible principal debt;

(c)the maximum permissible duration of the credit agreement; and

(d)the area within the Republic in which the consumer under such an agreement must reside or carry on business.

(5)A public interest credit agreement is exempt from the application of Part D of Chapter 4 to the extent that it concerns reckless credit.

Chapter 2
Consumer credit institutions

Part A – National Credit Regulator

12. Establishment of National Credit Regulator

(1)There is hereby established a body to be known as the National Credit Regulator, which—

(a)has jurisdiction throughout the Republic;

(b)is a juristic person;

(c)is independent and subject only to the Constitution and the law;

(d)must exercise its functions in accordance with this Act;

(e)must be impartial; and

(f)must perform its functions—

(i)in as transparent a manner as is appropriate having regard to the nature of the specific function; and

(ii)without fear, favour, or prejudice.

(2)Each organ of state must assist the National Credit Regulator to maintain its independence and impartiality, and to perform its functions effectively.

(3)The National Credit Regulator is responsible to carry out the functions and exercise the powers—

(a)set out in sections 12 to 18; or

(b)assigned to it by or in terms of this Act, or any other national legislation.

(4)In carrying out its functions, the National Credit Regulator may—

(a)have regard to international developments in the field of consumer credit and consumer financing; or

(b)consult any person, organisation or institution with regard to any matter.

(5)In respect to a particular matter within its jurisdiction or responsibility, the National Credit Regulator may exercise its responsibility by way of an agreement contemplated in section 17(4)(b).

13. Development of accessible credit market

The National Credit Regulator is responsible to—

(a)promote and support the development, where the need exists, of a fair, transparent, competitive, sustainable, responsible, efficient, effective and accessible credit market and industry to serve the needs of—

(i)historically disadvantaged persons;

(ii)low income persons and communities; and

(iii)remote, isolated or low density populations and communities,

in a manner consistent with the purposes of this Act;

(b)set appropriate conditions for the supplementary registration of credit providers wishing to enter into developmental credit agreements, in order to promote access to credit in the manner, and for the persons, contemplated in paragraph (a);

(c)monitor the following matters and report to the Minister annually in respect of:

(i)Credit availability, price and market conditions, conduct and trends;

(ii)market share, market conduct and competition within the consumer credit industry, the credit industry structure, including the extent of ownership, control and participation within the industry by historically disadvantaged persons;

(iii)access to consumer credit by small businesses or persons contemplated in paragraph (a)(i) to (iii);

(iv)levels of consumer indebtedness and the incidence and social effects of over-indebtedness; and

(v)any other matter relating to the credit industry; and

(d)conduct research and propose policies to the Minister in relation to any matter affecting the consumer credit industry, including but not limited to proposals for legislative, regulatory or policy initiatives that would improve access to credit for persons contemplated in paragraph (a)(i) to (iii).

14. Registration functions of National Credit Regulator

The National Credit Regulator is responsible to regulate the consumer credit industry by—

(a)registering credit providers, credit bureaux and debt counsellors;

(b)suspending or cancelling any registration issued in terms of this Act, subject to section 57(2); and

(c)establishing and maintaining the registries contemplated in sections 53 and 69(1) and by making information from those registries available to—

(i)each provincial credit regulator; and

(ii)other persons in the prescribed manner and form, subject to Part B of Chapter 4.

15. Enforcement functions of National Credit Regulator

The National Credit Regulator must enforce this Act by—

(a)promoting informal resolution of disputes arising in terms of this Act between consumers on the one hand and a credit provider or credit bureau on the other, without intervening in or adjudicating any such dispute;

(b)receiving complaints concerning alleged contraventions of this Act;

(c)monitoring the consumer credit market and industry to ensure that prohibited conduct is prevented or detected and prosecuted;

(d)investigating and ensuring that national and provincial registrants comply with this Act and their respective registrations;

(e)issuing and enforcing compliance notices;

(f)investigating and evaluating alleged contraventions of this Act;

(g)negotiating and concluding undertakings and consent orders contemplated in section 138(1)(b);

(h)referring to the Competition Commission any concerns regarding market share, anti-competitivebehaviour or conduct that may be prohibited in terms of the Competition Act, 1998 (Act No. 89 of 1998);

(i)referring matters to the Tribunal and appearing before the Tribunal, as permitted or required by this Act; and

(j)dealing with any other matter referred to it by the Tribunal.

16. Research and public information

(1)The National Credit Regulator is responsible to increase knowledge of the nature and dynamics of the consumer credit market and industry, and to promote public awareness of consumer credit matters, by—

(a)implementing education and information measures to develop public awareness of the provisions of this Act;

(b)providing guidance to the credit market and industry by—

(i)issuing explanatory notices outlining its procedures, or its non-binding opinion on the interpretation of any provision of this Act; or

(ii)applying to a court for a declaratory order on the interpretation or application of any provision of this Act;

(c)monitoring socio-economic patterns of consumer credit activity within the Republic, and in particular identifying factors concerning—

(i)over-indebtedness; and

(ii)the patterns, causes and consequences of over-indebtedness;

(d)conducting reasonable periodic audits of registered credit providers in respect of historical data relative to credit applications and credit agreements in order to—

(i)establish demographic patterns of the credit market;

(ii)investigate socio-economic trends in the credit market, particularly among persons contemplated in section 13(a); and

(iii)and detect patterns of possible discriminatory practices;

(e)monitoring trends in the consumer credit market and industry with respect t—

(i)the needs of persons contemplated in section 13(a); and

(ii)the promotion of black economic empowerment and ownership within the industry;

(f)monitoring trends in the market—

(i)for credit insurance, patterns of sale of credit insurance, costs of credit insurance, performance of credit insurance in meeting the obligations of consumers, and loss ratios of insurers in respect of credit insurance; and

(ii)for alternative dispute resolution agents, the patterns and costs of services, impartiality and neutrality of such agents, and the impact of such agents on the incidence and cost of debt enforcement and consumers’ access to redress in the market; and

(g)over time, reviewing legislation and public regulations, and reporting to the Minister concerning matters relating to consumer credit.

(2)For the purposes of exercising its responsibilities in terms of subsection (1)(f)(i), the National Credit Regulator may—

(a)require an insurer to provide periodic synoptic reports of aggregate information relating to credit insurance policies issued by it, in the prescribed manner and form to the National Credit Regulator, but any such report must not identify any particular consumer or relate a particular consumer to any information so reported; and

(b)make further reasonable requests for information from an insurer related to the information contemplated in paragraph (a).

17. Relations with other regulatory authorities

(1)At the request of the relevant MEC of a province, or a provincial credit regulator, the National Credit Regulator—

(a)may engage with that provincial credit regulator in co-operative activities of research, publication, education, development and training;

(b)in consultation with the Minister, may—

(i)engage with that provincial credit regulator in exchanges or secondments; or

(ii)provide technical assistance or expertise to that provincial credit regulator.

(2)At the request of the relevant MEC of a province, or a provincial credit regulator, the National Credit Regulator may engage with that provincial credit regulator in co-operative activities to detect and suppress prohibited conduct, if there are reasonable grounds to believe that any such conduct may be within the province, or across its provincial boundaries.

(3)At the direction of the Minister, the National Credit Regulator must engage with any relevant provincial credit regulator in co-operative activities to detect and suppress prohibited conduct occumng within the province or across its provincial boundaries.

(4)The National Credit Regulator must—

(a)liaise with any regulatory authority on matters of common interest;

(b)enter into a valid agreement with any regulatory authority to—

(i)co-ordinate and harmonise the exercise of jurisdiction over consumer credit matters within the relevant industry or sector; and

(ii)ensure the consistent application of the principles of this Act;

[paragraph (b) amended by section 2(b) of Act 19 of 2014]

(c)participate in the proceedings of any regulatory authority;[paragraph (c) amended by section 2(c) of Act 19 of 2014]

(d)advise, or receive advice from, any regulatory authority; and[paragraph (d) amended by section 2(d) of Act 19 of 2014]

(e)notify the Registrar of Banks designated in terms of the Banks Act, 1990 (Act No. 94 of 1990), within the agreed time frame, of its intention to investigate a bank as defined in the Banks Act, 1990.[paragraph (e) added by section 2(e) of Act 19 of 2014]

[subsection (4) amended by section 2(a) of Act 19 of 2014]

(5)A regulatory authority that, in terms of any public regulation, exercises jurisdiction over consumer credit matters within a particular industry or sector—

(a)must enter into a valid agreement with the National Credit Regulator, as anticipated in subsection (4)(b); and[paragraph (a) substituted by section 2(f) of Act 19 of 2014]

(b)may exercise its jurisdiction by way of such an agreement in respect of a particular matter within its jurisdiction.

(6)The National Credit Regulator may request a provincial credit regulator to submit any report or information related to the activities of that provincial credit regulator to the National Credit Regulator.

(7)The President may assign to the National Credit Regulator any duty of the Republic to exchange information with a similar foreign agency in terms of an international agreement relating to the purpose of this Act.

(8)The National Credit Regulator may liaise with any foreign or international authorities having any objects similar to the functions and powers of the National Credit Regulator.

18. Reporting requirements of National Credit Regulator

(1)In addition to any other advice or reporting requirements set out in this Part, the National Credit Regulator is responsible to—

(a)advise the Minister on matters of national policy relating to consumer credit and on the determination of national norms standards-regarding consumer protection in terms of this Act that should apply generally throughout the Republic;

(b)recommend to the Minister changes to bring about uniformity in the legislation in the various provinces in relation to consumer protection in terms of this Act;

(c)report to the Minister annually on—

(i)the volume and cost of different types of consumer credit products, and market practices relating to those products; and

(ii)the implications for consumer choice and competition in the consumer credit market;

(d)enquire into and report to the Minister on any matter concerning the purposes of this Act; and

(e)advise the Minister in respect of any matter referred to it by the Minister.

(2)The Minister must table in report submitted in terms of—

(a)section 13(c) or section 16(1)(g); or

(b)any other provision of this Part, if that report deals with a substantial matter relating to the purposes of this Act.

19. ***

[section 19 repealed by section 3 of Act 19 of 2014]

20. ***

[section 20 repealed by section 3 of Act 19 of 2014]

21. ***

[section 21 repealed by section 3 of Act 19 of 2014]

22. ***

[section 22 repealed by section 3 of Act 19 of 2014]

23. Appointment of Chief Executive Officer

(1)The Minister must appoint a suitably qualified and experienced person as Chief Executive Officer of the National Credit Regulator, who must be responsible for all matters pertaining to the functions of the National Credit Regulator.[subsection (1) substituted by section 4(a) of Act 19 of 2014]

(2)[subsection (2) deleted by section 4(b) of Act 19 of 2014]

(3)The Chief Executive Officer is the accounting authority for the National Credit Regulator, and as such is responsible for—

(a)all income and expenditure of the National Credit Regulator;

(b)all revenue collected by the National Credit Regulator;

(c)all assets, and the discharge of all duties and liabilities of the National Credit Regulator; and

(d)proper and diligent implementation of this Act in order to achieve the objects stipulated in this Act.

[subsection (3) added by section 4(c) of Act 19 of 2014]

(4)The Chief Executive Officer may—

(a)assign management and other duties to employees with appropriate skills to assist the National Credit Regulator in the management, or control of the National Credit Regulator; and

(b)delegate, with or without conditions, any of the powers or functions of the Chief Executive Officer to any suitably qualified employee of the National Credit Regulator, but such delegation does not divest the Chief Executive Officer of responsibility for the exercise of any power or performance of any duty.

[subsection (4) added by section 4(c) of Act 19 of 2014]

(5)The Minister may appoint a person who is suitably qualified and experienced, as a Deputy Chief Executive Officer to assist the Chief Executive Officer in carrying out the functions of the National Credit Regulator.[subsection (5) added by section 4(c) of Act 19 of 2014]

24. Conflicting interests

The Chief Executive Officer, and each other employee of the National Credit Regulator, must not—

(a)engage in any activity that may undermine the integrity of the National Credit Regulator;

(b)participate in any investigation, hearing, or decision concerning a matter in respect of which that person has a direct financial interest or any similar personal interest;

(c)make private use of, or profit from, any confidential information obtained as a result of that person’s official functions in the National Credit Regulator; or

(d)divulge any information referred to in paragraph (c) to any third party, except as required as part of that person’s official functions within the National Credit Regulator.

25. Appointment of inspectors and investigators

(1)The Chief Executive Officer or any employee duly authorised by the Chief Executive Officer—

(a)may appoint any suitable employee of the National Credit Regulator, or any other suitable person employed by the State, as an inspector; and

(b)must issue each inspector with a certificate in the prescribed form stating that the person has been appointed as an inspector in terms of this Act.

[subsection (1) amended by section 5 of Act 19 of 2014]

(2)When an inspector performs any function in terms of section 139 or Chapter 8, the inspector must—

(a)be in possession of a certificate of appointment issued to that inspector in terms of subsection (1); and

(b)show that certificate to any person who—

(i)is affected by the inspector’s actions in terms of this Act;

(ii)requests to see the certificate.

(3)When exercising powers in terms of this Act, an inspector is a peace officer as defined in section 1 of the Criminal Procedure Act, 1977 (Act No. 51 of 1977) and may exercise the powers conferred on a peace officer by law.

(4)The Chief Executive Officer may appoint or contract with any suitably qualified person to conduct research, audits, inquiries or other investigations on behalf of the National Credit Regulator.

(5)A person appointed in terms of subsection (4) is not an inspector within the meaning of this Act.

Part B – National Consumer Tribunal

26. Establishment and constitution of Tribunal

(1)There is hereby established a body to be known as the National Consumer Tribunal, which—

(a)has jurisdiction throughout the Republic;

(b)is a juristic person;

(c)is a tribunal of record; and

(d)must exercise its functions in accordance with this Act or any other applicable legislation.

(2)The Tribunal consists of a Chairperson and not less than 10 other women or men appointed by the President, on a full or part-time basis.

(3)The President must—

(a)appoint the Chairperson and other members of the Tribunal no later than the date on which this Act comes into operation; and

(b)appoint a person to fill any vacancy on the Tribunal.

(4)To be eligible for appointment or designation as a member of the Tribunal, and to continue to hold that office, a person must—

(a)not be subject to any disqualification set out in subsection (5); and

(b)have submitted to the Minister a written declaration stating that the person—

(i)is not disqualified in terms of subsection (5); and

(ii)does not have any interests referred to in subsection (5)(b).

[subsection (4) substituted by section 6(a) of Act 19 of 2014]

(5)A person may not be a member of the Tribunal if that person—

(a)is an office-bearer of any party, movement, organisation or body of a partisan political nature;

(b)personally or through a spouse, partner or associate—

(i)has or acquires a direct or indirect financial interest in a registrant; or

(ii)has or acquires an interest in a business or enterprise, which may conflict or interfere with the proper performance of the duties of a member of the Tribunal;

(c)is an unrehabilitated insolvent or becomes insolvent and the insolvency results in the sequestration of that person’s estate;

(d)has ever been, or is, removed from an office of trust on account of a guilty finding in respect of a complaint of misconduct related to fraud or the misappropriation of money;

(e)is subject to an order of a competent court holding that person to be mentally unfit or disordered;

(f)within the previous 10 years has been, or is, convicted in the Republic or elsewhere of theft, fraud, forgery or uttering a forged document, perjury, an offence under the Prevention and Combating of Corrupt Activities Act, 2004 (Act No. 12 of 2004), an offence under the Financial Intelligence Centre Act, 2001 (Act No. 38 of 2001), or an offence involving dishonesty; or

(g)has been convicted of any other offence committed after the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, took effect, and sentenced to imprisonment without the option of a fine.

[subsection (5) added by section 6(b) of Act 19 of 2014]

(6)For the purpose of subsection (5)(b), a financial interest does not include an indirect interest held in any fund or investment if the person contemplated in that subsection has no control over the investment decisions of that fund or investment.[subsection (6) added by section 6(b) of Act 19 of 2014]

(7)A member of the Tribunal must promptly inform the Minister in writing after acquiring an interest that is, or is likely to become, an interest contemplated in subsection (5)(b).[subsection (7) added by section 6(b) of Act 19 of 2014]

(8)A member of the Tribunal must not—

(a)engage in any activity that may undermine the integrity of the Tribunal;

(b)attend, participate in or influence the proceedings of the Tribunal, if, in relation to the matter before the Tribunal, that member has an interest—

(i)contemplated in subsection (5)(b); or

(ii)that precludes that member from performing the functions of a member of the Tribunal in a fair, unbiased and proper manner;

(c)make private use of, or profit from, any confidential information obtained as a result of performing that person’s functions as a member of the Tribunal; or

(d)divulge any information referred to in paragraph (c) to any third party, except as required as part of that person’s official functions as a member of the Tribunal.

[subsection (8) added by section 6(b) of Act 19 of 2014]

(9)If, at any time, it appears to a member of the Tribunal that a matter being considered by the Tribunal during proceedings concerns an interest of that member referred to in subsection (8)(b), that member must—

(a)immediately and fully disclose the nature of that interest to the members present; and

(b)withdraw from the proceedings to allow the remaining members to discuss the matter and determine whether the member should be prohibited from participating in any further proceedings concerning that matter.

[subsection (9) added by section 6(b) of Act 19 of 2014]

(10)The disclosure by a member of the Tribunal in terms of subsection (9)(a), and the decision by the Tribunal in terms of subsection (9)(b), must be expressly recorded in the records of the proceedings in question.[subsection (10) added by section 6(b) of Act 19 of 2014]

(11)Proceedings of the Tribunal, and any decisions taken by a majority of the members present and entitled to participate in those decisions, are binding despite—

(a)a member of the Tribunal failing to disclose an interest as required by subsection (9); or

(b)a member of the Tribunal, having an interest, attending or participating in those proceedings.

[subsection (11) added by section 6(b) of Act 19 of 2014]

27. Functions of Tribunal

The Tribunal or a member of the Tribunal acting alone in accordance with this Act or the Consumer Protection Act, 2008 may—

(a)adjudicate in relation to any—

(i)application that may be made to it in terms of this Act, and make any order provided for in this Act in respect of such an application; or

(ii)allegations of prohibited conduct by determining whether prohibited conduct has occurred and, if so, by imposing a remedy provided for in this Act;

(b)grant an order for costs in terms of section 147; and

(c)exercise any other power conferred on it by law.

[section 27 amended by section 121(1) of Act 68 of 2008]

28. Qualifications of members of Tribunal

(1)The members of the Tribunal, viewed collectively—

(a)must represent a broad cross-section of the population of the Republic; and

(b)must comprise sufficient persons with legal training and experience to satisfy the requirements of section 31(2)(a).

(2)Each member of the Tribunal must—

(a)be a citizen of South Africa, who is ordinarily resident in the Republic;

(b)have suitable qualifications and experience in economics, law, commerce, industry or consumer affairs; and

(c)be committed to the purposes of this Act.

29. Term of office of members of Tribunal

(1)Each member of the Tribunal serves for a term of five years.

(2)The Resident may re-appoint a member of the Tribunal at the expiry of that member's term of office, but no person may be appointed to the office of the Chairperson of the Tribunal for more than two consecutive terms.

(3)The Chairperson, on one month written notice addressed to the Minister, may—

(a)resign from the Tribunal; or

(b)resign as Chairperson, but remain as a member of the Tribunal.

(4)A member of the Tribunal other than the Chairperson may resign by giving at least one month written notice to the Minister.

(5)The President. on the recommendation of the Minister—

(a)must remove the Chairperson or any other member of the Tribunal from office if that person becomes subject to any of the disqualifications referred to in section 26(5); and[paragraph (a) substituted by section 7 of Act 19 of 2014]

(b)other than as provided for in paragraph (a), may remove the Chairperson or a member from office only for—

(i)serious misconduct;

(ii)permanent incapacity; or

(iii)engaging in any activity that may undermine the integrity of the Tribunal.

30. Deputy Chairperson of Tribunal

(1)The President must designate a member of the Tribunal as Deputy Chairperson of the Tribunal.

(2)The Deputy Chairperson performs the functions of Chairperson whenever—

(a)the office of Chairperson is vacant; or

(b)the Chairperson is for any other reason temporarily unable to perform those functions.

31. Tribunal proceedings

(1)The Chairperson is responsible to manage the caseload of the Tribunal in terms of this Act or any other legislation, and must assign each application or other matter referred to the Tribunal in terms of this Act or any other legislation to—

(a)a member of the Tribunal, to the extent that this Act, section 75(5) of the Consumer Protection Act, 2008, or any other legislation provides for a matter to be considered by a single member of the Tribunal; or

(b)a panel composed of any three members of the Tribunal, in any other case.

[subsection (1) substituted by section 121(1) of Act 68 of 2008]

(2)When assigning a matter to a panel in terms of subsection (1)(b), the Chairperson must—

(a)ensure that at least one member of the panel is a person who has suitable legal qualifications and experience; and

(b)designate a member of the panel to preside over the panel’s proceedings.

(3)If, because of resignation, illness, death, or withdrawal from a hearing in terms of section 29, a member of the panel is unable to complete the proceedings in a matter assigned to that panel, the Chairperson must—

(a)direct that the hearing of that matter proceed before the remaining members of the panel, subject to the requirements of subsection (2)(a); or

(b)terminate the proceedings before that panel and constitute another panel, which may include any member of the original panel, and direct that panel to conduct a new hearing.

(4)The decision of a panel on a matter referred to it must be in writing and include reasons for that decision.

(5)A decision of a single member of the Tribunal hearing a matter as contemplated in subsection (1)(a), or of a majority of the members of a panel in any other case, is the decision of the Tribunal.

32. Conflicts and disclosure of interest

(1)A member of the Tribunal may not represent any person before the Tribunal.

(2)If, during a hearing in which a member of the Tribunal is participating, it appears to that member that the matter concerns a financial or other interest of that member contemplated in section 26(5)(b), that member must—

(a)immediately and fully disclose the fact and nature of that interest to the Chairperson and to the presiding member at that hearing; and

(b)withdraw from any further involvement in that hearing.

[subsection (2) amended by section 8 of Act 19 of 2014]

33. Acting by member of Tribunal after expiry of term of office

If, on the expiry of the term of office of a member of the Tribunal, that member is still considering a matter before the Tribunal, that member may continue to act as a member in respect of that matter only.

34. Remuneration and benefits

(1)The Minister may, in consultation with the Minister of Finance, determine salary, allowances, benefits or any other terms and conditions of employment for members of the Tribunal.

(2)The salary, allowances or benefits of a member of the Tribunal may not be reduced during the term of office of such a member.

[section 34 substituted by section 9 of Act 19 of 2014]

Part C – Administrative matters

35. Finances

(1)The National Credit Regulator and the Tribunal are each financed from—

(a)money appropriated by Parliament;

(b)any fees payable in terms of this Act;

(c)income derived from their respective investment and deposit of surplus money in terms of subsection (2); and

(d)other money accruing from any source.

(2)The National Credit Regulator or the Tribunal may invest or deposit money that is not immediately required for contingencies or to meet current expenditures—

(a)on a call or short-term fixed deposit with any registered bank or financial institution in the Republic; or

(b)in an investment account with the Corporation for Public Deposits established in terms of section 2 of the Corporation for Public Deposits Act, 1984 (Act No. 46 of 1984).

36. Reviews and reports to Minister

(1)At least once every five years, the Minister must conduct an audit review of the exercise of the functions and powers of the National Credit Regulator, and the Tribunal.

(2)In addition to any other reporting requirement set out in this Act, the National Credit Regulator and the Tribunal must each report to the Minister annually on its activities, as required by the Public Finance Management Act, 1999 (Act No. 1 of 1999).

(3)As soon as practicable after receiving a report of a review contemplated in subsection (1), or after receiving a report contemplated in subsection (2), the Minister must—

(a)transmit a copy of the report to the Premier of each province; and

(b)table it in Parliament.

Part D – National and provincial co-operation

37. Co-operative exercise of concurrent jurisdiction

(1)The Minister must consult with the responsible MEC of any province concerned—

(a)to co-ordinate and harmonise the functions relating to consumer credit to be performed by the National Credit Regulator and one or more provincial credit regulators; and

(b)to facilitate the settlement of any dispute between the National Credit Regulator and one or more provincial credit regulators.

(2)If this Act requires the provincial credit regulators to perform a particular function within their respective provinces, and—

(a)within a particular province, no provincial credit regulator has established; or

(b)the Minister concludes on reasonable grounds that the provincial credit regulator within a particular province is unable to perform that function effectively,

the Minister must consult with the responsible MEC of that province to determine the steps to be taken to ensure the fulfilment of that statutory obligation.

38. Information sharing

(1)A provincial credit regulator must keep a register of each person whom it registers in terms of applicable provincial legislation.

(2)The register must include prescribed information relating to—

(a)the activities permitted under each such registration;

(b)the address of any premises in, on or from which registered activities may be engaged in, conducted or made available under registrations issued by it; and

(c)any other prescribed information.

(3)Each provincial credit regulator must report to the National Credit Regulator, at the prescribed intervals, the information kept by that provincial credit regulator in terms of subsection (1).

(4)A credit regulator must, on request from another credit regulator, provide a copy of all prescribed information in its possession concerning a registrant or applicant for registration.

(5)The Minister, by regulation in accordance with section 171, may prescribe the timing, manner and form, and content of information to be provided in terms of this section.

Chapter 3
Consumer credit industry regulation

Part A – Registration requirements, criteria and procedures

39. Limited application of this Part

(1)Sections 40, 42, 45, and 51 do not apply to a credit provider who—

(a)operates only within one province; and

(b)is registered as a credit provider in terms of applicable provincial legislation, if the Minister has declared that the registration requirements in terms of that provincial legislation are comparable to or exceed the registration requirements in terms of this Act.

(2)The Minister may make a declaration contemplated in subsection (1) by notice in the Gazette after consulting the relevant of the province concerned.

40. Registration of credit providers

(1)A person must apply to be registered as a credit provider if the total principal debt owed to that credit provider under all outstanding credit agreements, other than incidental credit agreements, exceeds the threshold prescribed in terms of section 42(1).[subsection (1) substituted by section 10 of Act 19 of 2014]

(2)In determining whether a person required to register as a credit provider—

(a)the provisions of subsection (1) apply to the total number and aggregate principal debt of credit agreements in respect of which that person, or any associated person, is the credit provider;

(b)each associated person that is a credit provider in its own name and falls within the requirements of subsection (1) must apply for registration in its own name;

(c)a credit provider that conducts business in its own name at or from more than one location or premises is required to register only once with respect to all such locations or premises; and

(d)"associated person"—

(i)with respect to a credit provider who is a natural person, includes the credit provider’s spouse or business partners; and

(ii)with respect to a credit provider that is a juristic person, includes—

(aa)any person that directly or indirectly has a controlling interest in the credit provider, or is directly or indirectly controlled by the credit provider;

(bb)any person that has a direct or indirect controlling interest in, or is directly or indirectly controlled by, a person contemplated in clause (aa); or

(cc)any credit provider that is a joint venture partner of a person contemplated in this subparagraph.

(3)A person who is required in terms of subsection(1) to be registered as a credit provider, but who is not so registered, must not offer, make available or extend credit, enter into a credit agreement or agree to do any of those things.

(4)A credit agreement entered into by a credit provider who is required to be registered in terms of subsection (1) but who is not so registered is an unlawful agreement and void to the extent provided for in section 89.

(5)A person to whom this section does not apply in terms of section 39, or who is not required to be registered as a credit provider in terms of this section, may voluntarily apply to the National Credit Regulator at any time to be registered as a credit provider.

(6)When determining whether, in terms of subsection (1) a credit provider is required to register—

(a)the value of any credit facility issued by that credit provider is the credit limit under that credit facility; and

(b)any credit guarantee to which a credit provider is a party is to be disregarded.

41. Supplementary registration to provide developmental credit

(1)A registered credit provider, or a credit provider who has applied be registered in terms of section 40, may apply for supplementary registration as a credit provider in respect of developmental credit agreements if the credit provider—

(a)is a close corporation, company, credit co-operative, trust, statutory entity, mutual bank or bank;

(b)is registered with the South African Revenue Service; and

(c)does not employ any person in a controlling or managerial capacity who would be disqualified from individual registration in terms of section 46(3).

(2)The National Credit Regulator may grant supplementary registration to a credit provider only if it concludes that the credit provider has—

(a)sufficient human, financial and operational resources to enable it to function efficiently and to effectively carry out its functions in terms of this Act, or presents to the National Credit Regulator a credible plan to acquire or develop those resources; and

(b)adequate administrative procedures and safeguards to justify the application of statutory exceptions from this Act, or presents to the National Credit Regulator a credible plan to develop those procedures and safeguards before entering into any developmental credit agreement.

42. Thresholds applicable to credit providers

(1)The Minister, by notice in the Gazette, must determine a threshold for the purpose of determining whether a credit provider is required to be registered in terms of section 40(1).[subsection (1) substituted by section 11 of Act 19 of 2014]

(2)An initial threshold determined by the Minister in terms of this section takes effect on the effective date, and each subsequent threshold takes effect six months after the date on which it is published in the Gazette.

(3)If, as a result of a determination made by the Minister in terms of subsection (1) after the effective date—

(a)a credit provider is required to be registered for the first time, that credit provider must apply for registration by the time the threshold takes effect, and may thereafter continue to provide credit until the time that the National Credit Regulator makes a decision in respect of its application;

(b)a credit provider who previously was required to be registered falls below the newly determined threshold, that credit provider—

(i)may apply to the National Credit Regulator for a clearance certificate to release it from the obligation to be registered; and

(ii)until the National Credit Regulator makes a decision in respect of such an application, must continue to be registered, despite section 40(1).

43. Registration of credit bureaux

(1)A person must apply to be registered as a credit bureau if that person engages for payment, other than as a credit provider or an employee of a credit provider, in the business of—

(a)receiving reports of, or investigating—

(i)credit applications;

(ii)credit agreements;

(iii)payment history or patterns; or

(iv)consumer credit information as defined in section 70(1), relating to consumers or prospective consumers, other than reports of court orders or reasons for judgment or similar information that is in the public domain;

(b)compiling and maintaining data from reports contemplated in subparagraph (i); and

(c)issuing reports concerning consumers or other natural persons based on information or data referred to in this paragraph.

(2)A person must not offer or conduct business as a credit bureau, or hold themselves out to the public as being authorised to offer any service customarily offered by a credit bureau, unless that person is registered as a credit bureau in terms of this Chapter.

(3)The National Credit Regulator must not register a person as a credit bureau unless that person—

(a)maintains and imposes appropriate qualification, competence, knowledge and experience requirements for its employees or contractors who will have authority to represent it in any function under this Act;

(b)has, in the opinion of the National Credit Regulator, sufficient human, financial and operational resources to enable it to function efficiently and to carry out effectively its functions in terms of this Act, or presents to the National Credit Regulator a credible plan to acquire or develop those resources;

(c)has adopted procedures to ensure that questions, concerns and complaints of consumers or credit providers are treated equitably and consistently in a timely, efficient and courteous manner, or presents to the National Credit Regulator a credible plan to acquire or develop those procedures; and

(d)is registered with the South African Revenue Services.

(4)In addition to the requirements of section 46, a person may not be registered as a credit bureau if any person who has a controlling interest in the applicant is—

(a)a credit provider;

(b)a debt collection agency; or

(c)a person who conducts any disqualified business prescribed in terms of subsection (5).

(5)The Minister may, by regulation, declare any business activity disqualified as contemplated in subsection (4)(c) if that business activity is inconsistent with the function of operating an independent and objective credit bureau.

44. Registration of debt counsellors

(1)A natural person may apply to be registered as a debt counsellor.

(2)A person must not offer or engage in the services of a debt counsellor in terms of this Act, or hold themselves out to the public as being authorised to offer any such service, unless that person is registered as such in terms of this Chapter.

(3)In addition to the requirementsof section 46, an applicant for registration as a debt counsellor must—

(a)satisfy any prescribed education, experience or competency requirements, or

(b)be in a position to satisfy within a reasonable time such requirements as the National Credit Regulator may determine as a condition of the applicant’s registration.

44A. Registration of payment distribution agents

(1)A person may apply to the National Credit Regulator to be registered as a payment distribution agent.

(2)

(a)A person must not offer or engage in the services of a payment distribution agent, or hold themselves out to the public as being authorised to offer any such service, unless that person is registered as a payment distribution agent in terms of this Chapter.

(b)A consumer is not obliged to make use of the services of a payment distribution agent.

(3)In addition to the requirements of section 46, an applicant for registration as a payment distribution agent must satisfy any prescribed education, experience or competency requirements.

(4)Payment distribution agents must—

(a)maintain fidelity insurance and trust accounts; and

(b)submit such financial accounts as may reasonably be required by the National Credit Regulator for purposes of a financial audit.

(5)No credit provider shall have any direct or indirect interest which is inconsistent with the objects of this Act, in the management or control of the business operations of a payment distribution agent or debt counselling business.

(6)Any natural or juristic person who operated as a payment distribution agent prior to the commencement of the National Credit Amendment Act, 2014, must comply with subsection (1) within a period of 12 months from the date of commencement.

[section 44A inserted by section 12 of Act 19 of 2014]

45. Application for registration

(1)A person who wishes to be registered in terms of this Act must apply for registration in the prescribed manner and form to the National Credit Regulator.

(2)The National Credit Regulator may—

(a)require further information relevant to an application contemplated in subsection (1); and

(b)refuse an application if the applicant has not supplied any information required in terms of paragraph (a) within the prescribed time.

(3)If an application complies with the provisions of this Act and the applicant meets the criteria set out in this Act for registration, the National Credit Regulator, after considering the application, must register the applicant subject to section 48 unless the National Credit Regulator after subjecting the applicant to a fit and proper test or any other prescribed test, is of the view that there are other compelling grounds that disqualify the applicant from being registered in terms of this Act.[subsection (3) substituted by section 13(a) of Act 19 of 2014]

(4)The Minister may prescribe the criteria to be considered in conducting a fit and proper test contemplated in subsection (3).[subsection (4) added by section 13(b) of Act 19 of 2014]

(5)The Minister may prescribe—

(a)the criteria for registration;

(b)the duties and obligations of a registrant; and

(c)the fees that may be charged by a registrant.

[subsection (5) added by section 13(b) of Act 19 of 2014]

46. Disqualification of natural persons

(1)A natural person may not be registered as a credit bureau.

(2)A natural person may not be registered as a credit provider, debt counsellor or payment distribution agent if that person is an unrehabilitated insolvent.[subsection (2) substituted by section 14(a) of Act 19 of 2014]

(3)A natural person may not be registered as a credit provider, debt counsellor, or payment distribution agent, if that person—

(a)is under the age of 18 years;

(b)as a result of a court order, is listed on the register of excluded persons in terms of section 14 of the National Gambling Act, 2004 (Act No. 7 of 2004);

(c)is subject to an order of a competent court holding that person to be mentally unfit or disordered;

(d)has ever been removed from an office of trust on account of misconduct relating to fraud or the misappropriation of money, whether in the Republic or elsewhere;

(e)has ever been a director or member of a governing body of an entity at the time that such an entity has—

(i)been involuntarily deregistered in terms of a public regulation;

(ii)brought the consumer credit industry into disrepute; or

(iii)acted with disregard for consumer rights generally; or

(f)has been convicted during the previous 10 years, in the Republic or elsewhere, of—

(i)theft, fraud, forgery or uttering a forged document, perjury, or an offence under the Prevention and Combating of Activities Act, 2004 (Act No. 12 of 2004) or comparable legislation of another jurisdiction;

(ii)a crime involving violence against another natural person; or

(iii)an offence in terms of this Act, a repealed law or comparable provincial legislation, and has been sentenced to imprisonment without the option of a fine unless the person has received a grant of amnesty or free pardon for the offence.

[subsection (3) amended by section 14(b) of Act 19 of 2014]

(4)In addition to the disqualifications set out in subsection (3), a natural person may not be registered as a debt counsellor if that person is—

(a)subject to an administration order as contemplated in section 74 of the Magistrates' Court Act, 1944 (Act No. 32 of 1944);

(b)subject to debt re-arrangement as contemplated in sections 86 and 87; or

(c)engaged in, employed by or acting as an agent for a person that is engaged in—

(i)debt collection;

(ii)the operation of a credit bureau;

(iii)credit provision; or

(iv)any other activity prescribed by the Minister on the grounds that there is an inherent conflict of interest between that activity and debt counselling.

(5)The National Credit Regulator must deregister a natural person if the registrant becomes disqualified in terms of this section at any time after being registered.

47. Disqualification of juristic persons and associations

(1)A registered credit provider, a juristic person or an association of persons may not be registered as a debt counsellor.

(2)Subject to subsection (4), a juristic person or an association of persons may not be registered as a credit provider or credit bureau if any natural person who would be disqualified from individual registration in terms of section 46(3) exercises general management or control of that person or association, alone or in conjunction with others.

(3)Subject to subsection (4), if a natural person contemplated in subsection (2) becomes disqualified from individual registration in terms of section 46(3) after the business concerned was registered in terms of this Act—

(a)that natural person must advise the registrant, and the National Credit Regulator, in the prescribed manner and form; and

(b)if that natural person—

(i)holds an interest in that business, it must be disposed of within a reasonable period of not more than three years, determined by the National Credit Regulator after considering the circumstances and the nature of the disqualification; or

(ii)is a manager or controller of the business, the National Credit Regulator may impose reasonable conditions on the continuation of the registration with the object of ensuring continuing compliance with the principles of this Act.

(4)Subsections (2) and (3) do not apply to a regulated financial institution.

(5)The provisions of subsection (3), read with the changes required by the context, apply to a natural person who—

(a)acquires a financial interest in a registrant; or

(b)assumes a management or control function with a registrant.

(6)The National Credit Regulator must deregister a juristic person if the registrant becomes disqualified in terms of this section at any time after being registered.

48. Conditions of registration

(1)If a person qualifies to be registered as a credit provider, the National Credit Regulator must further apply the following criteria in respect of the application:

(a)to the extent it is appropriate having regard to the nature of the applicant, the commitments, if any, made by the applicant or any associated person in terms of black economic empowerment considering the purpose, objects and provisions of the Broad-based Black Economic Empowerment Act, 2003 (Act No. 53 of 2003);

(b)the commitments, if any, made by the applicant or any associated person in connection with combating over-indebtedness and compliance with a prescribed code of conduct as well as affordability assessment regulations made by the Minister on the recommendation of the National Credit Regulator; and[paragraph (b) substituted by section 15(b) of Act 19 of 2014]

(c)registration with the South African Revenue Services.

[subsection (1) amended by section 15(a) of Act 19 of 2014]

(1A)The Minister may prescribe criteria and measures to determine the outcome of affordability assessments provided for in this section.[subsection (1A) inserted by section 15(c) of Act 19 of 2014]

(2)If the National Credit Regulator has determined that an applicant qualifies for registration as a debt counsellor, the National Credit Regulator must further consider the application, relating to the applicant’s education, experience and competence relative to any prescribed standards.

(3)The National Credit Regulator, having regard to the objects and purposes of this Act, the circumstances of the application and the applicable criteria set out in subsections (1) and may propose any conditions on the registration of an applicant by delivering a written notice in the prescribed manner and form setting out the proposed conditions, and the reasons for them.

(4)Conditions contemplated in subsection (3) may extend to an associated person, and in any case must be—

(a)reasonable and justifiable in the circumstances; and

(b)in the case of a regulated financial institution, consistent with its licence.

(5)An applicant who has received a proposal of conditions must respond to the National Credit Regulator within—

(a)20 business days after the date on which the applicant received the proposal; or

(b)such longer period as the National Credit Regulator may permit, on good cause shown.

(6)If an applicant who has received a proposal of conditions—

(a)consents to the conditions being imposed, the National Credit Regulator must register the applicant, subject only to the conditions as proposed; or

(b)does not respond, or responds but does not consent to the proposed conditions, the National Credit Regulator must consider any response submitted by the applicant and may finally determine the conditions to be imposed and register the applicant.

(7)The National Credit Regulator must—

(a)inform an applicant in writing of a decision in terms of subsection (6); and

(b)provide written reasons for that decision if the National Credit Regulator has amended a previously proposed condition.

48A. Code of conduct

(1)The Minister may prescribe a code of conduct contemplated in section 48(1)(b), only after the National Credit Regulator has—

(a)published the proposed code of conduct for public comment;

(b)considered any submissions made during the public comment period;

(c)consulted with—

(i)persons conducting business within the relevant industry; and

(ii)relevant accredited persons; and

(d)made any revisions to the proposed industry code as published for comment

(2)A code of conduct must be consistent with the purposes of this Act.

(3)The National Credit Regulator—

(a)must monitor the effectiveness of any code of conduct issued in terms of this Act; and

(b)may reasonably require persons conducting business within the relevant industry to provide information necessary for the purposes of—

(i)monitoring in terms of paragraph (a); or

(ii)reviewing the effectiveness of a prescribed code of conduct relative to the purposes of this Act.

(4)A registrant must not, in the ordinary course of business, contravene an applicable code of conduct as contemplated in section 48(1)(b).

[section 48A inserted by section 16 of Act 19 of 2014]

49. Variation of conditions of registration

(1)The National Credit Regulator may review, and propose new conditions on, any registration—

(a)upon request by the registrant submitted to the National Credit Regulator in the prescribed manner and form;

(b)if at least five years have passed since the National Credit Regulator last reviewed or varied the conditions of registration;

(c)if the registrant has contravened this Act;[paragraph (c) amended by section 17(a) of Act 19 of 2014]

(d)if the registrant—

(i)has not satisfied any conditions attached to its registration;

(ii)has not met any commitment or undertaking it made in connection with its registration; or

(iii)has breached any approved code of conduct applicable to it, and cannot provide adequate reasons for doing so; or[subparagraph (iii) amended by section 17(b) of Act 19 of 2014]

(e)if the National Credit Regulator, on compelling grounds, deems it necessary for the attainment of the purposes of this Act and efficient enforcement of its functions.[paragraph (e) added by section 17(c) of Act 19 of 2014]

(2)Before imposing a condition in terms of subsection (1)(c) or (d), the National Credit Regulator must provide the registrant with a reasonable opportunity to remedy the shortcoming in its conduct.

(3)The National Credit Regulator may impose new or alternative conditions—

(a)in the case of a regulated financial institution—

(i)only to the extent that the conditions are consistent with its licence; and

(ii)if the review is under subsection (1)(c) or (d), only to the extent that the conditions are reasonable and justifiable in the circumstances that gave rise to the review; or

(b)in the case of any other registrant, if the review is under subsection (1)(c) or (d) only to the extent that the conditions are reasonable and justifiable in the circumstances that gave rise to the review.

50. Authority and standard conditions of registration

(1)A registration issued in terms of this Act is valid throughout the Republic and authorises the registrant to conduct, engage in, or make available the registered activities at any place within the Republic.

(2)It is a condition of every registration issued in terms of this Act that the registrant must—

(a)permit the National Credit Regulator or any person authorised by the National Credit Regulator to enter any premises at or from which the registrant conducts the registered activities during normal business hours, and to conduct reasonable inquiries for compliance purposes, including any act contemplated in section 154(1)(d) to (h);

(b)comply with every applicable provision of—

(i)this Act;

(ii)the Financial Intelligence Centre Act, 2001 (Act No. 38 of 2001); and

(iii)applicable provincial legislation within any province in which the registrant conducts, engages in, or makes available the registered activities.

51. Application, registration and renewal fees

(1)The Minister may prescribe—

(a)an application fee to be paid in connection with any application in terms of this Chapter;

(b)an initial registration fee to be paid upon registration;[paragraph (b) amended by section 18(a) of Act 19 of 2014]

(c)an annual registration renewal fee to be paid by registrants; and[paragraph (c) amended by section 18(b) of Act 19 of 2014]

(d)a penalty for late renewal of registration by registrants which must be imposed by the National Credit Regulator on a registrant who fails to pay his or her prescribed registration renewal fees within 30 days from the date on which such fees were payable.[paragraph (d) added by section 18(c) of Act 19 of 2014]

(2)The Minister may prescribe different fees in terms of subsection (1) for different categories of applicants or registrants, including but not limited to group registration and registration renewal fees based on the number of locations at or from which persons carry on registered activities in their own names as contemplated in section 40(2)(c).

52. Certificate, validity and public notice of registration

(1)Upon registering an applicant, the National Credit Regulator must—

(a)issue a prescribed certificate of registration to the applicant, and in the case of persons contemplated in section 40(2)(c), a duplicate copy of the certificate of registration for each registered location at or from which that person conducts the registered activities;

(b)enter the registration in the register; and

(c)assign a unique registration number to that registrant.

(2)A registration certificate, or duplicate registration certificate issued in terms of this section must specify—

(a)the identity of the registrant;

(b)the activities that the registration permits the registrant to engage in, conduct or make available to the public; and

(c)any other prescribed information.

(3)A valid certificate or duplicate certificate of registration, or a certified copy of it, is prima facie proof that the registrant is registered in terms of this Act.

(4)A registration—

(a)takes on the date on which the certificate or duplicate certificate of registration is issued; and

(b)remains in effect until—

(i)the registrant is deregistered;

(ii)the registration is cancelled in terms of this Act; or

(iii)it has lapsed on the last day upon which the prescribed renewal fee should have been paid in terms of section 51(1)(c).

[paragraph (b) substituted by section 19 of Act 19 of 2014]

(5)A registrant must—

(a)post the certificate or duplicate registration certificate in any premises at or from which it conducts its registered activities;

(b)reflect its registered status and registration number, in a legible typeface, on all its credit agreements and communications with a consumer;

(c)comply with its conditions of registration and the provisions of this Act;

(d)pay the prescribed annual renewal fees within the prescribed time;

(e)keep any prescribed records relating to its registered activities, in the prescribed manner and form; and

(f)file any prescribed reports with the National Credit Regulator in the prescribed manner and form.

(6)addition to the requirements of subsection (5), a registered credit bureau must submit to the National Credit Regulator an annual compliance report, certified by an independent auditor, addressing the following matters:

(a)Accuracy of data received and reported by it;

(b)incidence of complaints and complaint resolution;

(c)adequacy of procedures employed by it to ensure—

(i)the accuracy of data received and reported by it;

(ii)that confidentiality of data is maintained and all relevant legislation concerning the privacy and confidentiality of information is complied with; and

(iii)that complaints are resolved; and

(d)any other related or similar matters prescribed by regulation.

53. National record of registrations

(1)The National Credit Regulator must establish and maintain a register in the prescribed form of all persons who have been registered—

(a)under this Act; or

(b)in terms of applicable provincial legislation, as reported by provincial credit regulators in terms of section 38,

including those whose registration has been altered or cancelled.

(2)The National Credit Regulator must make the information contemplated in subsection (1) available to a provincial credit regulator, upon request.

(3)The National Credit Regulator must—

(a)permit any person to inspect the register established in terms of subsection (1) during normal business hours, and upon payment of the prescribed fee;

(b)publish and maintain the register on a website; and

(c)provide a print copy of the register, or an extract from it, at any time to a person requesting it, upon payment of the prescribed fee.

(4)Any person may—

(a)inspect a copy of a registration certificate issued in terms of this Act; and

(b)obtain a copy of it, upon payment of the prescribed fee.

Part B – Compliance procedures and cancellation of registration

54. Restricted activities by unregistered persons

(1)Subject to subsection (2), the National Credit Regulator may issue a notice in the prescribed form to any person who, or association of persons, that—

(a)is engaging in an activity that, in terms of this Act, requires registration, or offering to engage in such an activity, or holding themselves out as authorised to engage in such an activity; and

(b)is not registered in terms of this Act to engage in that activity, requiring that person or association to stop engaging in, offering to engage in or holding themselves out as authorised to engage in, that activity.

(2)Before issuing a notice in terms of subsection (1) to a regulated financial institution, the National Credit Regulator must consult with the regulatory authority that issued a licence to that regulated financial institution.

(3)A notice contemplated in subsection (1) must set out—

(a)the name of the person or association to whom the notice applies;

(b)details of the nature and extent of the activity concerned;

(c)the date from which the unregistered person must discontinue engaging in that activity;

(d)the basis of the opinion that the person engaging in that activity is required to be registered; and

(e)any penalty that may be imposed in terms of this Act if the person fails to discontinue that activity.

(4)Subject to section 59, a notice issued in terms of this section remains in force until—

(a)a registration certificate is issued to the person to whom the notice was issued; or

(b)the notice is set aside by the Tribunal, or a court upon an appeal or review of a Tribunal decision Concerning the notice.

(5)Failure to comply with a notice issued in terms of this section is an offence.

55. Compliance notices

(1)Subject to subsection (2), the National Credit Regulator may issue a compliance notice in the prescribed form to—

(a)a person or association of persons whom the National Credit Regulator on reasonable grounds believes—

(i)has failed to comply with a provision of this Act; or

(ii)is engaging in an activity in a manner that is inconsistent with this Act; or

(b)a registrant whom the National Credit Regulator believes has failed to comply with a condition of its registration.

(2)

(a)Before issuing a notice in terms of subsection (1)(a) to a regulated financial institution, the National Credit Regulator must consult with the regulatory authority that issued a licence to that regulated financial institution.

(b)Sections 68, 70(1), (2)(b) to (g) and (i), (3) and (4) and 72(1), (3) and (5) will be subject to the compliance procedures set out in Chapters 10 and 11 of the Protection of Personal Information Act, 2013.

[subsection (2) substituted by section 110 of Act 4 of 2013]

(3)A compliance notice contemplated in subsection (1) must set out—

(a)the person or association to whom the notice applies;

(b)the provision, or condition, that has not been complied with;

(c)details of the nature and extent of the non-compliance;

(d)any steps that are required to be taken and the period within which those steps must be taken; and

(e)any penalty that may be imposed in terms of this Act if those steps are not taken.

(4)Subject to section 59, a compliance notice issued in terms of this section remains in force until—

(a)it is set aside by the Tribunal, or a court upon an appeal or review of a Tribunal decision concerning the notice; or

(b)the National Credit Regulator issues a compliance certificate contemplated in subsection (5).

(5)If the requirements of a compliance notice issued in terms of subsection (1) have been satisfied, the National Credit Regulator must issue a compliance certificate.

(6)If a person fails to comply with a compliance notice as contemplated in this section without raising an objection in terms of section 56, the National Credit Regulator may refer the matter—

(a)to the National Prosecuting Authority, if the failure to comply constitutes an offence in terms of this Act; or

(b)otherwise, to the Tribunal for an appropriate order.

56. Objection to notices

(1)Any person issued with a notice in terms of section 54 or 55 may apply to the Tribunal in the prescribed manner and form to review the notice within—

(a)15 business days after receiving that notice; or

(b)such longer period as may be allowed by the Tribunal on good cause shown.

(2)After considering any representations by the applicant and any other relevant information, the Tribunal may confirm, modify or cancel all or part of a notice.

(3)If the Tribunal confirms or modifies all or part of a notice, the applicant must comply with that notice as confirmed or modified, within the time period specified in it.

57. Cancellation of registration

(1)Subject to subsection (2), a registration in terms of this Act may be cancelled by the Tribunal on request by the National Credit Regulator, if the registrant repeatedly—

(a)fails to comply with any condition of its registration;

(b)fails to meet a commitment contemplated in section 48(1); or

(c)contravenes this Act.

(2)In any circumstance contemplated in subsection (1) concerning a registrant that is a regulated financial institution, the National Credit Regulator may—

(a)impose conditions on the registration of that person, consistent with its licence;

(b)refer the matter to the regulatory authority that licensed that regulated financial institution, with a request that the regulatory authority review that licence in the circumstances; or

(c)at the request, or with the consent, of the regulatory authority that licensed that regulated financial institution, request the Tribunal to cancel the registration.

(3)A regulatory authority to whom a matter is or may be referred in terms of subsection (2)(b)—

(a)must conduct a formal review of the registrant’s licence;

(b)to the extent permitted by the legislation in terms of which the registrant is licensed, may suspend that licence pending the outcome of that review; and

(c)may request, or consent to, the National Credit Regulator filing a request with the Tribunal as contemplated in subsection (2)(c).

(4)The National Credit Regulator must attempt to reach an agreement as contemplated in section 17(4) with any regulatory authority that issues licences to regulated financial institutions, to co-ordinate the procedures to be followed in taking any action in terms of subsections (2) and (3).

(5)If the Tribunal has cancelled a registration, the National Credit Regulator must notify the registrant in writing of—

(a)the cancellation;

(b)the reasons for the cancellation; and

(c)the date of cancellation.

(6)If a registration is cancelled in terms of this section or section 58, the National Credit Regulator must—

(a)cancel the registration certificate; and

(b)amend the register accordingly.

(7)A registration is cancelled as of—

(a)the date on which the Tribunal issues an order, or

(b)in the case of a cancellation in terms of section 58, the date specified by the registrant in the notice of voluntary cancellation.

(8)A registrant whose registration has been cancelled must not engage in any formerly registered activities after the date on which the cancellation takes effect.

(9)The obligations of—

(a)a registrant under this Act, or under any credit agreement in respect of which it is the credit provider, survive any suspension or cancellation of its registration; and

(b)a consumer under a credit agreement survive the cancellation of the credit provider’s registration.

58. Voluntary cancellation of registration

A registrant may cancel its registration by giving the National Credit Regulator written notice in the prescribed manner and form—

(a)stating the registrant’s intention to voluntarily cancel the registration; and

(b)specifying a date, at least five business days after the date of the notice, on which the cancellation is to take effect.

58A. Additional requirements for cancellations

(1)A registrant who voluntarily requests that his or her registration be cancelled must—

(a)submit a notice in the prescribed manner and form, and an affidavit to the National Credit Regulator, stating—

(i)the registrant’s intention to voluntarily cancel his or her registration;

(ii)reasons for such cancellation; and

(iii)the date on which the cancellation shall take effect;

(b)attach to the said notice proof that all the affected consumers, credit providers and all credit bureaux have been notified about the intended cancellation; and

(c)attach to the said notice the registration certificate issued to that registrant by the National Credit Regulator.

(2)A registrant whose registration has been cancelled in accordance with subsection (1) must, in the prescribed manner and form, submit an affidavit to the National Credit Regulator stating that the consumers referred to subsections (1)(b) have been transferred to another registrant chosen by the consumer.

(3)A credit provider who voluntarily requests that his or her registration be cancelled shall, in the prescribed manner and form, submit a cancellation notice to the National Credit Regulator accompanied by—

(a)the registration certificate that was issued to that credit provider; and

(b)an affidavit from the accounting officer, auditor or authority of such credit provider, confirming that the registered activities have ceased.

(4)The Minister may prescribe the procedure for the hand over and transfer of records of consumers where the registrant ceases to operate for any reason, including cancellation of registration, lapsing of registration, death or incapacity.

[section 58A inserted by section 20 of Act 19 of 2014]

59. Review or appeal of decisions

(1)A person affected by a decision of the National Credit Regulator under this Chapter may apply to the Tribunal to review that decision, and the Tribunal may make an order confirming or setting aside the decision in whole or in part.

(2)An order contemplated in subsection (1) may include an order setting aside any condition attached to a registration if the Tribunal is not satisfied that the condition is reasonable and justifiable, having regard to the objects and purposes of this Act, the circumstances of the application or review, as the case may be, and the provisions of section 48.

(3)A decision by the Tribunal in terms of this section is subject to appeal to, or review by, the High Court to the extent permitted by section 148.

Chapter 4
Consumer credit policy

Part A – Consumer rights

60. Right to apply for credit

(1)Every adult natural person, and every juristic person or association of persons, has a right to apply to a credit provider for credit.

(2)Subject to sections 61 and 66, a credit provider has a right to refuse to enter into a credit agreement with any prospective consumer on reasonable commercial grounds that are consistent with its customary risk management and underwriting practices.

(3)Subject to sections 61 and 92(3), nothing in this Act establishes a right of any person to require a credit provider to enter into a credit agreement with that person,

61. Protection against discrimination in respect of credit

(1)Relative to the treatment of any other consumer or prospective consumer, a credit provider must not unfairly discriminate directly or indirectly against any natural person, juristic person or association of persons on one or more grounds set out in section 9(3) of the Constitution, or one or more grounds set out in Chapter 2 of the Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act, when—

(a)assessing the ability of the person to meet the obligations of a proposed credit agreement;

(b)deciding whether to refuse an application to enter into a credit agreement, or to offer or enter into a credit agreement;

(c)determining any aspect of the cost of a credit agreement to the consumer;

(d)proposing or agreeing the terms and conditions of a credit agreement;

(e)assessing or requiring compliance by the person with the terms of a credit agreement;

(f)exercising any right of the credit provider under a credit agreement, this Act or applicable provincial legislation;

(g)determining whether to continue, enforce, seek judgment in respect of, or terminate a credit agreement; or

(h)determining whether to report, or reporting, any credit information or record.

(2)Subsection (1), read with the changes required by the context, applies equally to—

(a)a credit bureau, when offering its services to the public, and when accepting, compiling, analysing, modifying or reporting any credit information or record;

(b)the ombud with jurisdiction or alternative dispute resolution agent, when offering or holding out the ability to resolve a dispute or assist in the resolution of a dispute between a credit provider and a consumer in terms of this Act, or in accepting or refusing a referral of such a matter, or in delivering any such service to credit providers and consumers;

(c)a debt counsellor when offering or holding out the ability to serve as a debt counsellor in terms of this Act, or in accepting or refusing a referral of such a matter, or in delivering any such service to consumers; and

(d)an employer or trade union, when acting in terms of section 75(3) or (4).

(3)Subsections (1) and (2) apply in respect of a consumer or prospective consumer that is an association or juristic person to prohibit unfair discrimination against that association or juristic person based on the characteristics of any natural person who is a member, associate, owner, manager, employee, client or customer of that association or juristic person.

(4)It is not discrimination on the basis of age to—

(a)refuse to receive or consider an application for credit from an unemancipated minor; or

(b)refuse to offer an unlawful credit agreement to, or enter into an unlawful credit agreement with, an unemancipated minor.

(5)A credit provider may determine for itself any scoring or other evaluative mechanism or model to be used in managing, underwriting and pricing credit risk, provided that any such mechanism or model is not founded or structured upon a statistical or other analysis in which the basis of risk categorisation, differentiation or assessment is a ground of unfair discrimination prohibited in section 9(3) of the Constitution.

(6)In respect of an alleged contravention of this section, any person contemplated in section 20(1) of the Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act, may either—

(a)institute proceedings before an equality court, in terms of Chapter 4 of the Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act; or

(b)make a complaint to the National Credit Regulator in terms of section 136, which must refer the complaint to the equality court, if the complaint appears to be valid.

(7)A court may draw an inference that a credit provider has discriminated unfairly against a consumer or prospective consumer if that credit provider—

(a)knew or reasonably could have known that the consumer or prospective consumer, or a natural person contemplated in subsection (3), was a historically disadvantaged person;

(b)has made a decision contemplated in section 62(1)(a) through (d), with respect to that consumer or prospective consumer; and

(c)has refused, or failed without reasonable cause, to respond to a request made in terms of section 62 in respect of that decision.

62. Right to reasons for credit being refused

(1)On request from a consumer, a credit provider must advise that consumer in writing of the dominant reason for—

(a)refusing to enter into a credit agreement with that consumer;

(b)offering that consumer a lower credit limit under a credit facility than applied for by the consumer, or reducing the credit limit under an existing credit facility;

(c)refusing a request from the consumer to increase a credit limit under an existing credit facility; or

(d)refusing to renew an expiring credit card or similar renewable credit facility with that consumer.

(2)When responding to a request in terms of subsection (1), a credit provider who has based its decision on an adverse credit report received from a credit bureau must advise the consumer in writing of the name, address and other contact particulars of that credit bureau.

(3)On application by a credit provider, the Tribunal may make an order limiting the credit provider’s obligation in terms of this section if the Tribunal is satisfied that the consumer’s requests for information are frivolous or vexatious.

63. Right to information in official language

(1)A consumer has a right to receive any document that is required in terms of this Act in an official language that the consumer reads or understands, to the extent that is reasonable having regard to usage, practicality, expense, regional circumstances and the balance of the needs and preferences of the population ordinarily served by the person required to deliver that document.

(2)If the producer of a document that is required to be delivered to a consumer in terms of this Act is, or is required to be, a registrant, that person must—

(a)make a submission to the National Credit Regulator proposing to make such documents available in at least two official languages; and

(b)offer each consumer an opportunity to choose an official language in which to receive any document, from among at least two official languages as determined in accordance with a proposal that has been approved by the National Credit Regulator.

(3)A proposal in terms of subsection (2) may propose—

(a)the same official languages for use throughout the Republic; or

(b)different official languages for use in different parts of the Republic.

(4)The National Credit Regulator must—

(a)consider each proposal in terms of subsection (2) having regard to usage, practicality, expense, regional circumstances and the balance of the needs and preferences of the population ordinarily served by the person making the proposal; and

(b)either—

(i)approve the proposal; or

(ii)require the person making the proposal to submit a fresh proposal, if the National Credit Regulator concludes that the proposal does not adequately provide for the maximum practicable enjoyment of the right set out in subsection (1).

(5)The person who made a proposal that is the subject of a decision of the National Credit Regulator in terms of subsection (4)(b)(ii) may apply to the Tribunal to review that decision, and the Tribunal may make an order confirming or setting aside the decision.

(6)If the producer of a document that is to be delivered to a consumer in terms of this Act is not a registrant, and not required to register, that person must offer the consumer an opportunity to choose an official language in which to receive that document from among at least two official languages selected by the producer of the document, having regard to usage, practicality, expense, regional circumstances and the balance of the needs and preferences of the population ordinarily served by that person.

(7)The producer of a document that is required to be delivered to a consumer in terms of this Act must provide each such document to the consumer in the official language chosen by the consumer in terms of this section.

(8)The Minister may prescribe at least two official languages to be used by the National Credit Regulator in any documents it is required to deliver in terms of this Act, for all or particular parts of the Republic, so as to give maximum effect to the right set out in subsection (1).

64. Right to information in plain and understandable language

(1)The producer of a document that is required to be delivered to a consumer in terms of this Act must provide that document—

(a)in the prescribed form, if any, for that document; or

(b)in plain language, if no form has been prescribed for that document.

(2)For the purposes of this Act, a document is in plain language if it is reasonable to conclude that an ordinary consumer of the class of persons for whom the document is intended, with average literacy and minimal credit experience, could be expected to understand the content, significance, and import of the document without undue effort, having regard to—

(a)the context, comprehensiveness and consistency of the document;

(b)the organisation, form and style of the document;

(c)the vocabulary, usage and sentence structure of the text; and

(d)the use of any illustrations, examples, headings, or other aids to reading and understanding.

(3)The National Credit Regulator may publish guidelines for methods of assessing whether a document satisfies the requirements of subsection (1)(b).

(4)This section does not apply to a developmental credit agreement if—

(a)the National Credit Regulator has pre-approved the form of all documents to be used by the credit provider for such credit agreements in terms of this Act; and

(b)the credit provider has used only those pre-approved forms in dealing with the particular consumer.

(5)When pre-approving any form of documents as contemplated in subsection (4), the National Credit Regulator must balance the need for efficiency of the credit provider with the principles of subsection (1)(b).

65 Right to receive documents

(1)Every document that is required to be delivered to a consumer in terms of this Act must be delivered in the prescribed manner, if any.

(2)If no method has been prescribed for the delivery of a particular document to a consumer, the person required to deliver that document must—

(a)make the document available to the consumer through one or more of the following mechanisms—

(i)in person at the business premises of the credit provider, or at any other location designated by the consumer but at the consumer’s expense, or by ordinary mail;

(ii)by fax;

(iii)by email; or

(iv)by printable web-page; and

(b)deliver it to the consumer in the manner chosen by the consumer from the options made available in terms of paragraph (a).

(3)A credit provider must not charge a fee for the original copy of any document required to be delivered to a consumer in terms of this Act.

(4)On written request from the consumer the credit provider must provide the consumer with—

(a)a single replacement copy of a document required in terms of this Act, without charge to the consumer, at any time within a year after the date for original delivery of that document; and

(b)any other replacement copy, subject to any search and production fees permitted by regulation.

(5)On application by a credit provider, the Tribunal may make an order limiting the credit provider’s obligation in terms of subsection (4) if the Tribunal is satisfied that the consumer’s requests for information are frivolous or vexatious.

(6)Subsections (4) and (5) do not apply to a developmental credit agreement if—

(a)the National Credit Regulator has pre-approved procedures to be followed by the credit provider in the delivery of documents with respect to such credit agreements in terms of this Act; and

(b)the credit provider has complied with those pre-approved procedures in dealing with the particular consumer.

(7)When pre-approving any procedure as contemplated in subsection (6), the National Credit Regulator must balance the need for efficiency of the credit provider with the principles of subsections (1) to (5).

66. Protection of consumer credit rights

(1)A credit provider must not, in response to a consumer exercising, asserting or seeking to uphold any right set out in this Act or in a credit agreement—

(a)discriminate directly or indirectly against the consumer, compared to the credit provider’s treatment of any other consumer who has not exercised, asserted or sought to uphold such a right;

(b)penalise the consumer;

(c)alter, or propose to alter, the terms or conditions of a credit agreement with the consumer, to the detriment of the consumer; or

(d)take any action to accelerate, enforce, suspend or terminate a credit agreement with the consumer.

(2)If a credit agreement, or any provision of such an agreement is, in terms of this Act, declared to be unlawful or is severed from the agreement, the credit provider who is a party to that agreement must not, in response to that decision—

(a)directly or indirectly penalise another party to that agreement when taking any action contemplated in section 61(1);

(b)alter the terms or conditions of any other credit agreement with another party to the impugned agreement, except to the extent necessary to correct a similarly unlawful provision; or

(c)take any action to accelerate, enforce, suspend or terminate another credit agreement with another party to the impugned agreement.

Part B – Confidentiality, personal information and consumer credit records

67. Conflicting legislation

In the case of an inconsistency between a provision of this Part read with relevant definition in section 1, and a provision of the Promotion of Access to Information Act, 2000 (Act No. 2 of 2000), the provisions of this Part and that Act apply concurrently, to the extent that the provisions of this Part are not excluded in terms of section 5 of that Act.

68. Right to confidential treatment

(1)Any person who, in terms of this Act, receives, compiles, retains or reports any confidential information pertaining to a consumer or prospective consumer must protect the confidentiality of that information, and in particular, must—

(a)use that information only for a purpose permitted or required in terms of this Act, other national legislation or applicable provincial legislation; and

(b)report or release that information only to the consumer or prospective consumer, or to another person—

(i)to the extent permitted or required by this Act, other national legislation or applicable provincial legislation; or

(ii)as directed by—

(aa)the instructions of the consumer or prospective consumer; or

(bb)an order of a court or the Tribunal.

(2)[subsection (2) deleted by section 110 of Act 4 of 2013]

69. National register of credit agreements

(1)The Minister may require the National Credit Regulator to establish and maintain, in the prescribed manner and form, a single national register of outstanding credit agreements based on the information provided to it in terms of this section.

(2)Upon entering into or amending a credit agreement, other than a pawn transaction or an incidental credit agreement, the credit provider must report either directly to the national register established in terms of this section, or to a credit bureau, in the prescribed manner and form, and within the prescribed time the following information, subject to subsection (6):

(a)The credit provider’s name, principal business address, and registration number, if any;

(b)the name and address of the consumer;

(c)if the consumer is—

(i)a natural person, their identity number, or in the case of a person who is not a South African citizen and who does not have an identity number, their passport number; or

(ii)a juristic person, its registration number;

(d)if the agreement is a credit facility, the credit limit under that facility, and the expiry date of the agreement, if any; and

(e)if the agreement is a credit transaction or credit guarantee—

(i)the principal debt under the agreement;

(ii)the particulars of any previously existing credit agreement that was terminated or satisfied in connection with the making of the new agreement;

(iii)the amount and schedule of each payment due under the agreement; and

(iv)the date on which the consumer’s obligations will be fully satisfied if the agreement is fully complied with.

(3)A credit provider must report the particulars of the termination or satisfaction of any credit agreement reported in terms of subsection (2) in the prescribed manner and form, either directly to the national register established in terms of this section, or to a credit bureau.

(4)If a person transfers to another person the rights of a credit provider under a credit agreement referred to in subsection (2)—

(a)the person who transfers those rights must report the particulars of that transfer, in the prescribed manner and form, to the national register established in terms of this section; and

(b)the person to whom those rights are transferred must satisfy any subsequent obligations of the credit provider under this section.

(5)A credit bureau must transmit to the national register established in terms of this section, in the prescribed manner and form, any information reported to it by a credit provider in terms of this section.

(6)The Minister may prescribe alternative requirements, in place of any of those set out in subsection (2), with respect to developmental credit agreements.

70. Credit bureau information

(1)In this section, "consumer credit information" means information concerning—

(a)a person’s credit history, including applications for credit, credit agreements to which the person is or has been a party, pattern of payment or default under any such credit agreements, debt re-arrangement in terms of this Act, incidence of enforcement actions with respect to any such credit agreement, the circumstances of termination of any such credit agreement, and related matters;

(b)a person’s financial history, including the person’s past and current income, assets and debts, and other matters within the scope of that person’s financial means, prospects and obligations, as defined in section 78(3), and related matters;

(c)a person’s education, employment, career, professional or business history, including the circumstances of termination of any employment, career, professional or business relationship, and related matters; or

(d)a person’s identity, including the person’s name, date of birth, identity number, marital status and family relationships, past and current addresses and other contact details, and related matters.

(2)A registered credit bureau must—

(a)accept the filing of consumer credit information from any credit provider on payment of the credit bureau’s filing fee, if any;

(b)accept without charge the filing of consumer credit information from the consumer concerned for the purpose of correcting or challenging information otherwise held by that credit bureau concerning that consumer;

(c)take reasonable steps to verify the accuracy of any consumer credit information reported to it;

(d)retain any consumer credit information reported to it for the prescribed period, of whether that information reflects positively or negatively on the consumer;

(e)maintain its records of consumer credit information in a manner that satisfies the prescribed standards;

(f)promptly expunge from its records any prescribed consumer credit information that, in terms of the regulations, is not permitted to be entered in its records or is required to be removed from its records;

(g)issue a report to any person who requires it for a prescribed purpose or a purpose contemplated in this Act, upon payment of the credit bureau’s fee except where the Act explicitly provides that no fee be charged;

(h)not draw a negative inference about, or issue a negative assessment of, a person’s creditworthiness merely on the basis that the credit bureau has no consumer credit information concerning that person; and

(i)not knowingly or negligently provide a report to any person containing inaccurate information.

(3)In addition to—

(a)the consumer credit information Contemplated in subsection (2), a credit bureau may receive, compile and report only other prescribed information in respect of a consumer; and

(b)the sources of consumer credit information contemplated in subsection (2), a credit bureau may receive consumer credit information in respect of a consumer only from other prescribed persons.

(4)The Minister may prescribe—

(a)standards for the filing, retention and reporting of consumer credit information by credit bureaux, in addition to, or in furtherance of the requirements set out in this section; and

(b)maximum fees that may be charged to a consumer for accessing consumer credit information concerning that person.

(5)For the purpose of monitoring the consumer credit market to detect apparent patterns of reckless credit granting and over-indebtedness, researching the accessibility and use of credit by persons contemplated in section 13(a), and otherwise exercising its mandate to research consumer credit issues and to investigate and enforce compliance with this Act, the National Credit Regulator may—

(a)require any credit bureau to provide periodic synoptic reports of aggregate consumer credit information in the prescribed manner and form to the National Credit Regulator, but any such report must not identify any particular consumer or relate a particular consumer to any information so reported; and

(b)make further reasonable requests for information from a credit bureau related to the information contemplated in paragraph (a); and

(c)analyse information provided to it under this section or section 69.

(6)Failure by a credit bureau to comply with a notice issued in terms of section 55, in relation to this section, is an offence.

71. Removal of record of debt adjustment or judgment

(1)A consumer whose debts have been re-arranged in terms of Part D of this Chapter, must be issued with a clearance certificate by a debt counsellor within seven days after the consumer has—

(a)satisfied all the obligations under every credit agreement that was subject to that debt re-arrangement order or agreement, in accordance with that order or agreement; or

(b)demonstrated—

(i)financial ability to satisfy the future obligations in terms of the re-arrangement order or agreement under—

(aa)a mortgage agreement which secures a credit agreement for the purchase or improvement of immovable property; or

(bb)any other long term agreement as may be prescribed;

(ii)that there are no arrears on the re-arranged agreements contemplated in subparagraph (i); and

(iii)that all obligations under every credit agreement included in the re-arrangement order or agreement, other than those contemplated in subparagraph (i), have been settled in full.

[subsection (1) substituted by section 21 of Act 19 of 2014]

(2)A debt counsellor must for the purposes of the demonstration envisaged in subsection (1)(b), apply such measures as may be prescribed.[subsection (2) substituted by section 21 of Act 19 of 2014]

(3)If a debt counsellor decides not to issue or fails to issue a clearance certificate as contemplated in subsection (1), the consumer may apply to the Tribunal to review that decision, and if the Tribunal is satisfied that the consumer is entitled to the certificate in terms of subsection (1), the Tribunal may order the debt counsellor to issue a clearance certificate to the consumer.[subsection (3) substituted by section 21 of Act 19 of 2014]

(4)

(a)A debt counsellor must within seven days after the issuance of the clearance certificate, file a certified copy of that certificate, with the national register established in terms of section 69 of this Act and all registered credit bureaux.

(b)If the debt counsellor fails to file a certified copy of a clearance certificate as contemplated in subsection (1), a consumer may file a certified copy of such certificate with the National Credit Regulator and lodge a complaint against such debt counsellor with the National Credit Regulator.

[subsection (4) substituted by section 21 of Act 19 of 2014]

(5)Upon receiving a copy of a clearance certificate, a credit bureau, or the national credit register, must expunge from its records—

(a)the fact that the consumer was subject to the relevant debt re-arrangement order or agreement;

(b)any information relating to any default by the consumer that may have—

(i)precipitated the debt re-arrangement; or

(ii)been considered in making the debt re-arrangement order or agreement; and

(c)any record that a particular credit agreement was subject to the relevant debt re-arrangement order or agreement.

(6)Upon receiving a copy of a court order rescinding any judgment, a credit bureau must expunge from its records all information relating to that judgment.

(7)Failure by a credit bureau to comply with a notice issued in terms of section 55, in relation to this section, is an offence.

71A. Automatic removal of adverse consumer credit information

(1)The credit provider must submit to all registered credit bureaux within seven days after settlement by a consumer of any obligation under any credit agreement, information regarding such settlement where an obligation under such credit agreement was the subject of—

(a)an adverse classification of consumer behaviour;

(b)an adverse classification enforcement action against a consumer;

(c)an adverse listing recorded in the payment profile of the consumer; or

(d)a judgement debt.

(2)The credit bureau must remove any adverse listing contemplated in subsection (1) within seven days after receipt of such information from the credit provider.

(3)If the credit provider fails to submit information regarding a settlement as contemplated in subsection (1), a consumer may lodge a complaint against such credit provider with the National Credit Regulator.

(4)For the purposes of this section—

(a)"adverse classification of consumer behaviour" means classification relating to consumer behaviour and includes a classification such as "delinquent", "default", "slow paying", "absconded", or "not contactable"; and

(b)"adverse classification of enforcement action" means classification relating to enforcement action taken by the credit provider, including a classification such as "handed over for collection or recovery", "legal action", or "write-off".

[section 71A inserted by section 22 of Act 19 of 2014]

72. Right to access and challenge credit records and information

(1)Every person has a right to—

(a)be advised by a credit provider within the prescribed time before any prescribed adverse information concerning the person is reported by it to a credit bureau, and to receive a copy of that information upon request;

(b)inspect any credit bureau, or national credit register, file or information concerning that person—

(i)without charge—

(aa)as of right once within any period of twelve months;

(bb)if so ordered by a court or the Tribunal; and

(cc)once within a reasonable period after successfully challenging any information in terms of this section, for the purpose of verifying whether that information has been corrected; and

(ii)at any other time, upon payment of the inspection fee of the credit bureau or national credit register, if any;

(c)challenge the accuracy of any information concerning that person—

(i)that is the subject of a proposed report contemplated in paragraph (a); or

(ii)that is held by the credit bureau or national credit register, as the case may be, and require the credit bureau or National Credit Regulator, as the case may be, to investigate the accuracy of any challenged information, without charge to the consumer; and

(d)be compensated by any person who reported incorrect information to a registered credit bureau or to the National Credit Register for the cost of correcting that information.

(2)A credit provider must not require or induce a prospective consumer to obtain or request a report from a credit bureau in connection with an application for credit or an assessment under section 81.

(3)If a person has challenged the accuracy of information proposed to be reported to a credit bureau or to the national credit register, or held by a credit bureau or the national credit register, the credit provider, credit bureau or national credit register, as the case may be, must take reasonable steps to seek evidence in support of the challenged information, and within the prescribed time after the filing of the challenge must—

(a)provide a copy of any such credible evidence to the person who filed the challenge; or

(b)remove the information, and all record of it, from its files, if it is unable to find credible evidence in support of the information, subject to subsection (6).

(4)Within 20 business days after receiving a copy of evidence in terms of subsection (3)(a), the person who challenged the information held by a credit provider, credit bureau or national credit register may apply in the prescribed manner and form to the National Credit Regulator to investigate the disputed information as a complaint under section 136.

(5)A credit bureau or the National Credit Register may not report information that is challenged until the challenge has been resolved in terms of subsection (3)(a) or (b).

(6)On application by a credit provider, credit bureau or the National Credit Regulator, as the case may be, the Tribunal may make an order limiting the applicant’s obligations to a consumer in terms of this section if the Tribunal is satisfied that the consumer’s—

(a)particular request or requirement is frivolous, unfounded or wholly unreasonable; or

(b)history and pattern of such requests or requirements are frivolous or vexatious.

(7)Failure by a credit bureau to comply with a notice issued in terms of section 55, in relation to this section, is an offence.

73. Verification, review and removal of consumer credit information

(1)The Minister may, at any time prescribe—

(a)the nature of, time-frame, form and manner in which consumer credit information held by credit bureaux must be reviewed, verified, corrected or removed;

(aA)the manner in which a registered auditor may confirm that the consumer credit information referred to in paragraph (a) has been reviewed, verified, corrected or removed; and

(b)the time-frame and schedule for the exercise by consumers of their rights in terms of section 72(1).

[subsection (1) substituted by section 23 of Act 19 of 2014]

(2)When prescribing a matter contemplated in subsection (1), the Minister must—

(a)consider amongst other things—

(i)the predictive nature of such information; and

(ii)the socio-economic impact on consumers of the removal of such information; and

(b)engage in consultation with affected stakeholders.

(3)Any regulations to be made in terms of this section must be submitted to the relevant Parliamentary Committee for the necessary consultation prior to their promulgation.

Part C – Credit marketing practices

74. Negative option marketing and opting out requirements

(1)A credit provider must not make an offer to enter into a credit agreement, or induce a person to enter into a credit agreement, on the basis that the agreement will automatically come into existence unless the consumer declines the offer.

(2)Subject to section 119(4), a credit provider must not make an offer to increase the credit limit under a credit facility, or induce a person to accept such an increase, on the basis that the limit will automatically be increased unless the consumer declines the offer.

(3)A credit provider must not make a proposal to alter or amend a credit agreement, or induce a person to accept such an alteration or amendment, on the basis that the alteration or amendment will automatically take effect unless the consumer rejects the proposal, except to the extent contemplated in section 104, 116(a), 118(3) or 119(4).

(4)A credit agreement purportedly entered into as a result of an offer or proposal contemplated in subsection (1), is an unlawful agreement and void to the extent provided for in section 89.

(5)A provision of a credit agreement purportedly entered into as a result of an offer or proposal contemplated in subsection (2) or (3) is an unlawful provision and void to the extent provided for in section 90.

(6)When entering into a credit agreement, the credit provider must present to the consumer a statement of the following options and the consumer an opportunity to select any of those options:

(a)To decline the option of pre-approved annual credit limit increases as provided for in section 119(4), if the agreement is a credit facility; and

(b)to be excluded from any—

(i)telemarketing campaign that may be conducted by or on behalf of the credit provider;

(ii)marketing or customer list that may be sold or distributed by the credit provider, other than as required by this Act; or

(iii)any mass distribution of email or sms messages.

(7)A credit provider—

(a)must maintain a register in the prescribed manner and form of all options selected by consumers in terms of subsection (6); and

(b)must not act in a manner contrary to an option selected by a consumer in terms of subsection (6).

75. Marketing and sales of credit at home or work

(1)A credit provider must not harass a person in attempting to persuade that person to apply for credit or to enter into a credit agreement or related transaction.

(2)A credit provider must not enter into a credit agreement at a private dwelling except—

(a)during a visit pre-arranged by the consumer for that purpose;

(b)if a credit provider visited the private dwelling for the purpose of offering goods or services for sale, and incidentally offered to provide or arrange credit to finance the purchase of those goods or services; or

(c)if the credit agreement is of a prescribed category that is permitted to be entered into during a visit to a private dwelling.

(3)A credit provider must not visit a person’s place of employment for the purpose of inducing the person to apply for or obtain credit, or enter into a credit agreement at such a place, except—

(a)to enter into a credit agreement with the employer; or

(b)if the visit results from—

(i)a formal arrangement between the credit provider, on the one hand, and the employer and any representative trade union or employee, on the other; or

(ii)a non-prompted invitation by the person being visited.

(4)An employer who, or representative trade union that, enters into an arrangement with a credit provider as contemplated in subsection (3)(b)(i) must not receive any fee, commission, payment, consideration or other monetary benefit in exchange for making that arrangement, or as a consequence of a credit agreement entered into during or as a result of that arrangement.

(5)Subsections (2) to (4) do not apply in respect of developmental credit agreements.

76. Advertising practices

(1)This section does not apply to an advertisement—

(a)that does not make reference to a specific credit product or credit provider, and of which the dominant purpose is to promote—

(i)responsible credit practices;

(ii)or the use of credit generally;

(b)that generally promotes a specific credit provider, brand or type of credit agreement, but does not make specific reference to product price, cost or availability of credit; or

(c)by the seller of goods or services, or on the premises of such a person, if that notice or advertisement indicates only that the person is prepared to accept payment through a credit facility in respect of which another person the credit provider.

(2)This section applies to the provider of credit that is being advertised, or the seller of any goods or services that are being advertised for purchase on credit.

(3)A person who is required to be registered as a credit provider, but who is not registered, must not advertise the availability of credit, or of goods or services to be purchased on credit.

(4)An advertisement of the availability of credit, or of goods or services to be purchased on credit—

(a)must comply with this section;

(b)must contain any statement required by regulation;

(c)must not—

(i)advertise a form of credit that is unlawful;

(ii)be misleading, fraudulent or deceptive; or

(iii)contain any statement prohibited by regulation; and

(d)may contain a statement of comparative credit costs to the extent permitted by any applicable law or industry code of conduct, but any such statement must—

(i)show costs for each alternative being compared;

(ii)show rates of interest and all other costs of credit for each alternative;

(iii)be set out in the prescribed manner and form; and

(iv)be accompanied by the prescribed cautions or warnings concerning the use of such comparative statements.

(5)advertisement concerning the granting of credit, a credit provider must state set out the interest rate and other credit costs in the prescribed manner and form.

(6)This section does not apply to developmental credit agreements if—

(a)the National Credit Regulator has pre-approved a form of advertising to be used by the credit provider concerned; and

(b)the credit provider has used only that pre-approved form of advertising in advertising or promoting goods, services or credit to the particular consumer.

(7)When pre-approving any form of advertising as contemplated in subsection (6), the National Credit Regulator must balance the need for efficiency of the credit provider with the principles of this section.

77. Required marketing information

Any solicitation by or on behalf of a credit provider for the purpose of inducing a person to apply for or obtain credit must include a statement with the prescribed information for the particular type of solicitation.

Part D – Over-indebtness and reckless credit

78. Application and interpretation of this Part

(1)This Part does not apply to a credit agreement in respect of which the consumer is a juristic person.

(2)Sections 81 to 84, and any other provisions of this Part to the extent that they relate to reckless credit, do not apply to—

(a)a school loan or a student loan;

(b)an emergency loan;

(c)a public interest credit agreement;

(d)a pawn transaction;

(e)an incidental credit agreement; or

(f)a temporary increase in the credit limit under a credit facility, provided that any credit extended in terms of paragraph (a) to (c) is reported to the National Credit Register in the prescribed manner and form, and further provided that in respect of any credit extended in terms of paragraph (b), reasonable proof of the existence of the emergency as defined in section 1 is obtained and retained by the credit provider.

(3)In this Part, "financial means, prospects and obligations", with respect to a consumer or prospective consumer, includes—

(a)income, or any right to receive income, regardless of the source, frequency or regularity of that income, other than income that the consumer or prospective consumer receives, has a right to receive, or holds in trust for another person;

(b)the financial means, prospects and obligations of any other adult person within the consumer’s immediate family or household, to the extent that the consumer, or prospective consumer, and that other person customarily—

(i)share their respective financial means; and

(ii)mutually bear their respective financial obligations; and

(c)if the consumer has or had a commercial purpose for applying for applying or entering into a particular credit agreement, the reasonably estimated future revenue flow from that business purpose.

79. Over-indebtedness

(1)A consumer is over-indebted if the preponderance of available information at the time a determination is made indicates that the particular consumer is or will be unable to satisfy in a timely manner all the obligations under all the credit agreements to which the consumer is a party, having regard to that consumer’s—

(a)financial means, prospects and obligations; and

(b)probable propensity to satisfy in a timely manner all the obligations under all the credit agreements to which the consumer is a party, as indicated by the consumer’s history of debt repayment.

(2)When a determination is to be made whether a consumer is over-indebted or not, the person making that determination must apply the criteria set out in subsection (1) as they exist at the time the determination is being made.

(3)When making a determination in terms of this section, the value of—

(a)any credit facility is the settlement value at that time under that credit facility; and

(b)any credit guarantee is—

(i)the settlement value of the credit agreement that it guarantees, if the guarantor has been called upon to honour that guarantee; or

(ii)the settlement value of the credit agreement that it guarantees, discounted by a prescribed factor.

80 Reckless credit

(1)A credit agreement is reckless if, at the time that the agreement was made, or at the time when the amount approved in terms of the agreement is increased, other than an increase in terms of section 119(4)—

(a)the credit provider failed to conduct an assessment as required by section 81(2) irrespective of what the outcome of such an assessment might have concluded at the time; or

(b)the credit provider, having conducted an assessment as required by section 81(2) entered into the credit agreement with the consumer despite the fact that the preponderance of information available to the credit provider indicated that—

(i)the consumer did not generally understand or appreciate the consumer’s risks, costs or obligations under the proposed credit agreement; or

(ii)entering into that credit agreement would make the consumer overindebted.

(2)When a determination is to be made whether a credit agreement is reckless or not, the person making that determination must apply the criteria set out in subsection (1) as they existed at the time the agreement was made, and without regard for the ability of the consumer to—

(a)meet the obligations under that credit agreement; or

(b)understand or appreciate the risks, costs and obligations under the proposed credit agreement, at the time the determination is being made.

(3)When making a determination in terms of this section, the value of—

(a)any credit facility is the credit limit at that time under that credit facility;

(b)any pre-existing credit guarantee is—

(i)the settlement value of the credit agreement that it guarantees, if the guarantor has been called upon to honour that guarantee; or

(ii)the settlement value of the credit agreement that it guarantees, discounted by a prescribed factor; and

(c)any new credit guarantee is the settlement value of the credit agreement that it guarantees, discounted by a prescribed factor.

81. Prevention of reckless credit

(1)When applying for a credit agreement, and while that application is being considered by the credit provider, the prospective consumer must fully and truthfully answer any requests for information made by the credit provider as part of the assessment required by this section.

(2)A credit provider must not enter into a credit agreement without first taking reasonable steps to assess—

(a)the proposed consumer’s—

(i)general understanding and appreciation of the risks and costs of the proposed credit, and of the rights and obligations of a consumer under a credit agreement;

(ii)debt re-payment history as a consumer under a credit agreements;

(iii)existing financial means, prospects and obligations; and

(b)whether there is a reasonable basis to conclude that any commercial purpose may prove to be successful, if the consumer has such a purpose for applying for that credit agreement.

(3)A credit provider must not enter into a reckless credit agreement with a prospective consumer.

(4)For all purposes of this Act, it is a complete defence to an allegation that a credit agreement is reckless if—

(a)the credit provider establishes that the consumer failed to fully and truthfully answer any requests for information made by the credit provider as part of the assessment required by this section; and

(b)a court or the Tribunal determines that the consumer's failure to do so materially affected the ability of the credit provider to make a proper assessment.

82. Assessment mechanisms and procedures

(1)A credit provider may determine for itself the evaluative mechanisms or models and procedures to be used in meeting its assessment obligations under section 81, provided that any such mechanism, model or procedure results in a fair and objective assessment and must not be inconsistent with the affordability assessment regulations made by the Minister.[subsection (1) substituted by section 24(a) of Act 19 of 2014]

(2)The Minister must, on recommendation of the National Credit Regulator, make affordability assessment regulations.[subsection (2) substituted by section 24(a) of Act 19 of 2014]

(3)[subsection (3) deleted by section 24(b) of Act 19 of 2014]

(4)[subsection (4) deleted by section 24(b) of Act 19 of 2014]

83. Declaration of reckless credit agreement

[heading substituted by section 25(a) of Act 19 of 2014]

(1)Despite any provision of law or agreement to the contrary, in any court or Tribunal proceedings in which a credit agreement is being considered, the court or Tribunal, as the case may be, may declare that the credit agreement is reckless, as determined in accordance with this Part.[subsection (1) substituted by section 25(b) of Act 19 of 2014]

(2)If a court or Tribunal declares that a credit agreement is reckless in terms of section 80(1)(a) or 80(1)(b)(i), the court or Tribunal, as the case may be, may make an order—

(a)setting aside all or part of the consumer’s rights and obligations under that agreement, as the court determines just and reasonable in the circumstances; or

(b)suspending the force and effect of that credit agreement in accordance with subsection (3)(b)(i).

[subsection (2) amended by section 25(c) of Act 19 of 2014]

(3)If a court or Tribunal, as the case may be, declares that a credit agreement is reckless in terms of section 80(1)(b)(ii), the court or Tribunal, as the case may be—

(a)must further consider whether the consumer is over-indebted at the time of those proceedings; and[paragraph (a) substituted by section 25(e) of Act 19 of 2014]

(b)if the court or Tribunal, as the case may be, concludes that the consumer is over-indebted, the said court or Tribunal may make an order—

(i)suspending the force and effect of that credit agreement until a date determined by the Court when making the order of suspension; and

(ii)restructuring the consumer’s obligations under any other credit agreements, in accordance with section 87.

[paragraph (b) amended by section 25(f) of Act 19 of 2014]

[subsection (3) amended by section 25(d) of Act 19 of 2014]

(4)Before making an order in terms of subsection (3), the court or Tribunal, as the case may be, must consider—

(a)the consumer’s current means and ability to pay the consumer’s current financial obligations that existed at the time the agreement was made; and

(b)the expected date when any such obligation under a credit agreement will be fully satisfied, assuming the consumer makes all required payments in accordance with any proposed order.

National Credit Act, 2005

Act 34 of 2005

Taxonomies

Related documents

National Credit Act, 2005

Act 34 of 2005

Chapter 1Interpretation, purpose and application of Act

Part A – Interpretation

1. Definitions

2. Interpretation

Part B – Purpose and application

3. Purpose of Act

4. Application of Act

5. Limited application of Act to incidental credit agreements

6. Limited application of Act when consumer is juristic person

7. Threshold determination and industry tiers

Part C – Classification and categories of credit agreements

8. Credit agreements

9. Categories of credit agreements

10. Developmental credit agreements

11. Public interest credit agreements

Chapter 2Consumer credit institutions

Part A – National Credit Regulator

12. Establishment of National Credit Regulator

13. Development of accessible credit market

14. Registration functions of National Credit Regulator

15. Enforcement functions of National Credit Regulator

16. Research and public information

17. Relations with other regulatory authorities

18. Reporting requirements of National Credit Regulator

19. ***

20. ***

21. ***

22. ***

23. Appointment of Chief Executive Officer

24. Conflicting interests

25. Appointment of inspectors and investigators

Part B – National Consumer Tribunal

26. Establishment and constitution of Tribunal

27. Functions of Tribunal

28. Qualifications of members of Tribunal

29. Term of office of members of Tribunal

30. Deputy Chairperson of Tribunal

31. Tribunal proceedings

32. Conflicts and disclosure of interest

33. Acting by member of Tribunal after expiry of term of office

34. Remuneration and benefits

Part C – Administrative matters

35. Finances

36. Reviews and reports to Minister

Part D – National and provincial co-operation

37. Co-operative exercise of concurrent jurisdiction

38. Information sharing

Chapter 3Consumer credit industry regulation

Part A – Registration requirements, criteria and procedures

39. Limited application of this Part

40. Registration of credit providers

41. Supplementary registration to provide developmental credit

42. Thresholds applicable to credit providers

43. Registration of credit bureaux

44. Registration of debt counsellors

44A. Registration of payment distribution agents

45. Application for registration

46. Disqualification of natural persons

47. Disqualification of juristic persons and associations

48. Conditions of registration

48A. Code of conduct

49. Variation of conditions of registration

50. Authority and standard conditions of registration

51. Application, registration and renewal fees

52. Certificate, validity and public notice of registration

53. National record of registrations

Part B – Compliance procedures and cancellation of registration

54. Restricted activities by unregistered persons

55. Compliance notices

56. Objection to notices

57. Cancellation of registration

58. Voluntary cancellation of registration

58A. Additional requirements for cancellations

59. Review or appeal of decisions

Chapter 1
Interpretation, purpose and application of Act

Chapter 2
Consumer credit institutions

Chapter 3
Consumer credit industry regulation

Chapter 4
Consumer credit policy