Property law – Eviction under PIE Act – res judicata – continued occupation constitutes new cause of action; Alienation of Land Act – written deed required to transfer immovable property; registered owner’s vindicatory rights – just and equitable inquiry under s 4(7) PIE; costs on Magistrates’ Court scale.

Animal Diseases Act – biosecurity and movement controls – Control Measures for cloven-hoof animals – interim interdict – regulation of livestock movement across private farm – balancing statutory disease-control duties against historical access.

Guardianship/curator bonis – interdictory relief to compel disclosure and prevent obstruction – best interests of an adult with intellectual disability paramount – appointment of interim curatrix ad personam – threats and unlawful practice by unregistered representative – stay pending rescission unsustainable without counter‑application – costs on attorney and client scale.

Administrative law – review under PAJA and section 33 of the Constitution – reasonableness and procedural fairness; Children’s rights (section 28) – state duty to provide/procure child-protection services; Urgency – imminent prejudice to vulnerable children; Section 107 Children’s Act – designation certificates; Service-level agreements – funding and shared responsibility; Remedies – setting aside decision and substitution/directive relief; Costs including senior counsel.

Spoliation – Enforcement pending appeal – Superior Courts Act s18(1),(3) – Requirement to prove exceptional circumstances and irreparable harm – Irreparable harm assessed factually and may be subsumed into exceptional-circumstances inquiry – Condonation for late affidavit – Costs (scale C, two counsel).

Superior Courts Act s18 – execution pending appeal – exceptional circumstances and irreparable harm required; non‑compliance with Local Government Disciplinary Regulation 6(2) – suspension of municipal manager; substantial compliance doctrine; personal costs order against office‑bearers.

Civil procedure – leave to appeal (s 17, Superior Courts Act) – mandament van spolie – elements of possession (physical and animus) – territorial definition by aerial annexure – interaction between mandament van spolie and MPRDA (s 54) – liens – exercise of judicial discretion in urgent spoliation relief – mootness/standing where contracting party changed.

Criminal law – Minimum sentencing – s 51(2) Criminal Law Amendment Act – application requires proof of statutory value thresholds in Part II of Schedule 2 – where drug value is below thresholds s 51(2) is inapplicable; material misdirection in applying minimum sentence permits appellate court to consider sentence afresh; sentencing triad and comparable authorities relevant to proportionate sentence.

Rule 7(1) – authority to institute proceedings; Urgency – self-created urgency and requirements of Rule 6(12); Jurisdiction – primacy of the Labour Relations Act, CCMA/Labour Court for unfair dismissal disputes; Contract vs unfair dismissal – specific performance/reinstatement dressed as contractual claim; Companies Act s163 – not a route to reinstatement where relationship broken down; Costs – award of wasted costs and costs of two counsel on Scale C.

Practice and procedure – s 17(2)(f) Superior Courts Act – referral for reconsideration – exceptional circumstances/grave failure of justice threshold; Tax law – burden of proof under s 82 Income Tax Act – whether foreign deposit was taxable income or repayment of shareholder loan; Evidence – hearsay and s 3 Law of Evidence Amendment Act; Administrative/penalty discretion – review of 90% additional tax imposed by SARS and Tax Court’s exercise of discretion.